Discoveries in oxygenic photosynthesis (1727-2003): A perspective

Photosynthesis Research

Volumn 80, Issue 1-3, 2004, Pages 15-57

  Govindjee, ^a   Krogmann, David ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA CHAMPAIGN   (United States)

^b PURDUE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

algae; carbon fixation; chlorophyll; chloroplasts; cyanobacteria; electron carrier; history; light harvesting; molecular biology; oxygen evolution; phosphorylation; photosynthesis; plants; reaction centers

Indexed keywords

ALGAE; CYANOBACTERIA;

EID: 3042762785     PISSN: 01668595     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/B:PRES.0000030443.63979.e6     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (383)

1. Adir N, Zer H, Shochat S and Ohad I (2003) Photoinhibition - a historical perspective. Photosynth Res 76: 343-370
2. Åkerlund HE, Andersson B and Albertsson PÅ (1976) Isolation of Photosystem II enriched membrane vesicles from spinach thylakoids by phase partition. Biochim Biophys Acta 449: 525-535
3. Albertsson P-A (2003) The contribution of photosynthetic pigments to the development of biochemical separation methods: 1900-1980. Photosynth Res 76: 217-225
4. Allen JF (2002) Plastoquinone redox control of chloroplast thylakoid protein phosphorylation and distribution of excitation energy between photosystems: discovery, background, implications. Photosynth Res 73: 139-148
5. Allen JF (2003) Cyclic, pseudocyclic and noncyclic photophosphorylation: new links in the chain. Trends Plant Sci 8: 15-19
6. Allen JF, Bennett J, Steinbeck KE and Arntzen CJ (1981) Chloroplast protein phosphorylation couples plastoquinone redox state to distribution of excitation energy between photosystems. Nature 291: 25-29
7. Allen JP (2004) My daily constitutional in Martinsried. Photosynth Res 80: 157-163 (this issue)
8. Allen MB, Arnon DI, Capindale JB, Whatley FR and Durham IJ (1955) Photosynthesis by isolated chloroplasts. III. Evidence for complete photosynthesis. J Am Chem Soc 77: 4149-4155
9. Allen MB, Whatley FR and Arnon DI (1958) Photosynthesis with isolated chloroplasts. VI. Rates of conversion of light into chemical energy in photosynthetic phosphorylation. Biochim Biophys Acta 27: 16-23
10. Amesz J and Neerken S (2002) Excitation energy trapping in anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria. Photosynth Res 73: 73-81
11. Anderson JM (2002) Changing concepts about the distribution of Photosystems 1 and 2 between grana-appressed and stroma-exposed thylakoid membranes. Photosynth Res 73: 157-164
12. Andersson B (1978) Separation of spinach chloroplast lamellae fragments by phase partition including the isolation of inside-out thylakoids, Doctoral thesis, Lund University, Sweden
13. Andersson B and Anderson JM (1980) Lateral heterogeneity in the distribution of chlorophyll-protein complexes of the thylakoid membranes of spinach chloroplasts. Biochim Biophys Acta 593: 427-440
14. Andersson B, Åkerlund HE and Albertsson PÅ (1977) Light induced reversible proton extrusion by spinach chloroplast Photosystem II vesicles isolated by phase partition. FEBS Lett 77: 141-145
15. Andersson I, Knight S, Schneider G, Lindqvist Y, Lundqvist T, Bränden C-I and Lorimer GH (1989) Crystal structure of the active site of ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase. Nature 337: 229-234
16. Arnon DI (1949) Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenol oxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiol 24: 1-15
17. Arnon DI (1951) Extracellular photosynthetic reactions. Nature 167: 1008-1010
18. Arnon DI, Allen MB and Whatley FR (1954a) Photosynthesis by isolated chloroplasts. Nature 174: 394-396
19. Arnon DI, Whatley FR and Allen MB (1954b) Photosynthesis by isolated chloroplasts. II. Photosynthetic phosphorylation, the conversion of light energy into phosphate bond energy. J Am Chem Soc 76: 6324-6329
20. Avron M (1963) A coupling factor in photophosphorylation. Biochim Biophys Acta 77: 699-702
21. Avron (Abramsky) M and Jagendorf AT (1956) A TPNH diaphorase from chloroplasts. Arch Biochem Biophys 65: 475-190
22. 2 and light. Arch Biochem Biophys 185: 38-48
23. Barber J (1982) Membrane surface charges and potentials in relation to structure and function. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 33: 261-295
24. Barber J (2004) Engine of life and big bang of evolution: a personal perspective. Photosynth Res 80: 137-155 (this issue)
25. Bassham JA (2003) Mapping the carbon reduction cycle: a personal retrospective. Photosynth Res 76: 35-52
26. Bedbrook JR, Smith SM and Ellis RJ (1980) Molecular cloning and sequencing of cDNA encoding the precursor to the small subunit of chloroplast ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase. Nature 287: 692-697
27. Belyaeva OB (2003) Studies of chlorophyll biosynthesis in Russia. Photosynth Res 76: 405-411
28. Bendall DS (1994) Robert Hill. Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. Vol 40, pp 141-171. The Royal Society, London
29. Bendall DS (2004) The unfinished story of cytochrome f. Photosynth Res 80: 265-276 (this issue)
30. Bengis C and Nelson N (1975) Purification and properties of the Photosystem I reaction center from chloroplasts. J Biol Chem 250: 2783-2788
31. Bennett J (1977) Phosphorylation of chloroplast membrane polypeptides. Nature 307: 478-480
32. Bennett J, Steinbeck KE and Arntzen CJ (1980) Chloroplast phosphoproteins: regulation of excitation energy transfer by phosphorylation of thylakoid membrane proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 45: 1696-1702
33. Ben-Shem A, Frolow F and Nelson N (2003) Crystal structure of plant Photosystem I. Nature 426: 630-635
34. Benson AA (1977) Philosophy of the tracer method. Radioisotopes 26(5): 348-356
35. Benson AA (2002) Following the path of carbon in photosynthesis: a personal story. Photosynth Res 73: 29-49
36. Bennoun P (2002) The present model of chlororespiration. Photosynth Res 73: 273-277
37. Berg S (1998) Seikichi Izawa (1926-1997). Photosynth Res 58: 1-4
38. Berthold DA, Babcock J and Yocum CF (1981) A highly resolved oxygen-evolving Photosystem II preparation from spinach thylakoid membranes. FEBS Lett 134: 231-234
39. Biggins J and Mathis P (1988) Functional role of vitamin K in Photosystem I of the cyanobacterium Synechococystis 6803. Biochemistry 27: 1494-1500
40. Bishop NI (1959) The reactivity of a naturally occurring quinone (Q-255) in photochemical reactions of isolated chloroplasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 45: 1696-1702
41. Black CC and Osmond B (2003) Crassulacean acid metabolism photosynthesis: 'working the night shift.' Photosynth Res 76: 329-341
42. Blackman FF (1905) Optima and limiting factors. Ann Bot 19: 281-295
43. Blackman FF and Matthaei Gabrielle LC (1905) Experimental researches on vegetable assimilation and respiration. IV. A quantitative study of carbon dioxide assimilation and leaf temperature in natural illumination. Proc R Soc London 76: 402-160
44. Blair GE and Ellis RI (1973) Protein synthesis in chloroplasts. I. Light-driven synthesis of large subunit of fraction I protein by isolated pea chloroplasts. Biochim Biophys Acta 319: 223-234
45. Blankenship RE (2002) Molecular Mechanisms of Photosynthesis. Blackwell Science, Oxford, UK
46. Blinks LR (1957) Chromatic transients in photosynthesis of red algae. In: Gaffron H, Brown AH, French CS, Livingston R, Rabinowitch EI, Strehler BL and Tolbert NE (eds) Research in Photosynthesis, pp 444-449. Interscience, New York
47. Blinks LR (1974) Winthrop John Vanleuven Osterhout, August 2, 1871-April 9, 1964. Biographical Memoirs, Vol 44, pp 224-263. National Academy of Science Press, Washington, DC
48. Blinks LR and Skow RK (1938) The time course of Photosystems as shown by rapid electrode method for oxygen. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 24: 420-427
49. Boardman NK and Anderson JM (1964) Isolation from spinach chloroplasts of particles containing different proportions of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b and their possible role in light reactions of photosynthesis. Nature 203: 166-167
50. Bogorad L (2003) Photosynthesis research: advances through molecular biology. Photosynth Res 76: 13-33
51. Böhme H, Reimer S and Achim Trebst A (1971) The role of plastoquinone in photosynthesis: The effect of dibromothymoquinone on non cyclic and cyclic electron flow systems in isolated chloroplasts. Z Naturforsch 26b: 341-352
52. Bonnet C (1754) Recherches sur l'usage des feuilles dans les plantes. Elie Luzac, fils, Göttingen/Leiden
53. Borisov A (2003) The beginnings of research on biophysics of photosynthesis and initial contributions made by Russian scientists to its development. Photosynth Res 76: 413-426
54. Boussingault JB (1864) De la végétation dans l'obscurité. Ann Sci Nat (Paris) I: 314-324
55. Bowes G, Ogren WL and Hageman RH (1971) Phosphoglycolate production catalyzed by ribulose diphosphate carboxylase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 45: 716-722
56. Boyer PD (2002) A research journey with ATP synthase. J Biol Chem 277(42): 39045-39061
57. Boynton JE, Gillham NW, Harris EH, Hosler JP, Johnson AM, Jones AR, Randolph-Anderson BL, Robertson D, Klein TM, Shark KB and Sanford JC (1988) Chloroplast transformation in Chlamydomonas with high velocity microprojectiles. Science 240: 1534-1538
58. Brody SS (2002) Fluorescence lifetime, yield, energy transfer and spectrum in photosynthesis, 1950-1960. Photosynth Res 73: 127-132
59. Bruns C and Karplus PA (1995) Refined crystal structure of spinach ferredoxin reductase at 1.7 Å resolution:oxidized, reduced and 2′phospho-5′ AMP bound states. J Mol Biol 247: 125-145
60. Buchanan BB, Schürmann P, Wolosiuk RA and Jacquot J-P (2002) The ferredoxin/thioredoxin system: from discovery to molecular structures and beyond. Photosynth Res 73: 215-222
61. Butler WL (1962) Effects of red and far-red light on the fluorescence yield of chlorophyll in vivo. Biochim Biophys Acta 64: 309-317
62. Calvin M (1989) Forty years of photosynthesis and related activities. Photosynth Res 23: 3-16
63. Calvin M, Bassham JA and Benson AA (1950) Chemical transformations in photosynthesis. Fed Proc 9: 524-534
64. Carrel CJ, Zhang H, Cramer WA and Smith JL (1997) Biological diversity and identity in photosynthesis and respiration: structure of the lumen - side domain of the chloroplast Rieske protein. Structure 5: 1613-1625
65. Chapman M, Suh SW, Cascio D, Smith WW and Eisenberg D (1987) Sliding-layer conformational change limited by the quaternary structure of plant RuBisCO. Nature 329: 354-356
66. Chapman MS, Suh SW, Curmi PMG, Cascio D, Smith WW and Eisenberg DS (1988) Tertiary structure of plant RuBisCO: Domains and their contacts. Science 241: 71-74
67. Clayton RK (1963) Toward the isolation of a photochemical reaction center in Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. Biochim Biophys Acta 75: 312-323
68. Clayton RK (2002) Research on photosynthetic reaction centers from 1932 to 1987. Photosynth Res 73: 63-71
69. Cohen Y, Padan E and Shilo M (1975) Facultative anoxygenic photosynthesis in the cyanobacterium Oscillatoria limnetica. J Bacteriol 123: 855-861
70. Colman PM, Freeman HC, Guss JM, Murata M, Noriss VA, Ramshaw JAM and Verikatappa MP (1978) X-ray crystal structure of plastocyanin at 2.7 Å resolution. Nature 257: 319-324
71. Commoner B, Heise JJ and Townsend J (1956) Light-induced paramagnetism in chloroplasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 42: 710-718
72. Cramer WA (2004) Ironies in photosynthetic electron transport: a personal perspective. Photosynth Res 80: 293-305 (this issue)
73. Crane FL (1959) Isolation of two quinones with coenzyme Q activity from alfalfa. Plant Physiol 34: 546-551
74. Crofts AR (2004) The Q-cycle - a personal perspective. Photosynth Res 80: 223-243 (this issue)
75. Dastur RH and Mehta RJ (1935) The study of the effect of blue-violet rays on photosynthesis. Ann Bot 49: 809-821
76. Davenport HE (1960) A protein from leaves catalysing the reduction of metmyoglobin and triphospho-pyridine nucleotide in illuminated chloroplasts. Biochem J 77: 471-477
77. Davenport HE and Hill R (1952) The preparation and some properties of cytochrome f. Proc R Soc London Ser B 139: 327-345
78. Davenport HE, Hill R and Whatley FR (1952) A natural factor catalyzing reduction of methemoglobin by isolated chloroplasts. Proc R Soc London Ser B 139: 346-358
79. Debuchy R, Purton S and Rochaix JD (1989) The argininosuccinate lyase gene of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: an important tool for nuclear transformation and for correlating the genetic and molecular maps of the ARG7 locus. EMBO J 8: 2803-2809
80. de Kouchkovsky Y (2002) The laboratory of photosynthesis and its successors at Gif-sur-Yvette, France. Photosynth Res 73: 295-303
81. de Saussure NTh (1804) Recherches chimique sur la vegetation. Nyon. Paris
82. Deisenhofer J and Michel H (1989) The photosynthetic reaction center from the purple bacterium Rhodopseudomonas viridis (Nobel lecture). EMBO J 8: 2149-2169
83. Deisenhofer J, Epp O, Miki K, Huber R and Michel H (1984) X-ray structure analysis of a membrane protein complex. Electron density maps at 3 Angstrom resolution and a model of the chromophores of the photosynthetic reaction center from Rhodopseudomonas viridis. J Mol Biol 180: 385-398
84. Delosme R (2003) On some aspects of photosynthesis revealed by photoacoustic studies: a critical evaluation. Photosynth Res 76: 289-301
85. Delosme R and Joliot P (2002) Period 4 oscillations in chlorophyll a fluorescence. Photosynth Res 73: 165-168
86. Demmig-Adams B (2003) Linking the xanthophyll cycle with thermal energy dissipation. Photosynth Res 76: 73-80
87. Dèpege N, Bellafiore S and Rochaix JD (2003) Role of chloroplast protein kinase Stt7 in LHCII phosphorylation and state transition in Chlamydomonas. Science 299: 1572-1575
88. DeVault D (1984) Quantum-Mechanical Tunneling in Biological Systems (2nd edition). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK
89. DeVault D (1989) Tunneling enters biology. Photosynth Res 22: 5-10
90. DeVault D and Chance B (1966) Studies of photosynthesis using a pulsed laser: Temperature dependency of cytochrome oxidation rate in Chromatium vinosum. Evidence for tunneling. Biophys J 6: 825-847
91. Dismukes GC and Siderer Y (1980) EPR spectroscopic observations of a manganese center associated with water oxidation in spinach chloroplasts. FEBS Lett 121: 78-80
92. Dorner RW, Kahn A and Wildman SG (1957) Synthesis and decay of the cytoplasmic proteins during the life of the tobacco leaf. J Biol Chem 229: 945-952
93. Dutton HJ (1997) Carotenoid-sensitized photosynthesis. Photosynth Res 52: 175-185
94. Dutton HJ, Manning WM and Duggar BB (1943) Chlorophyll fluorescence and energy transfer in diatom Nitzschia closterium. J Phys Chem 47: 308-313
95. Duysens LNM (1952) Transfer of Excitation Energy in Photosynthesis. Doctoral thesis. State University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
96. Duysens LNM (1954) Reversible changes in the absorption spectrum of Chlorella upon illumination. Science 120: 353-354
97. Duysens LNM (1989) The discovery of the two photosystems: A personal account. Photosynth Res 21: 61-80
98. Duysens LNM, Amesz J and Kamp BM (1961) Two photochemical systems in photosynthesis. Nature 190: 510-511
99. Eaglesham ARJ and Ellis RJ (1974) Protein synthesis in chloroplasts. II. Light-driven synthesis of membrane proteins by isolated pea chloroplasts. Biochim Biophys Acta 335: 396-107
100. Edwards GE and Black Jr CC (1971) Isolation of mesophyll cells and bundle sheath cells from Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. leaves and a scanning microscopy study of the internal leaf cell morphology. Plant Physiol 47: 149-156
101. Ellis RJ (2004) From chloroplasts to chaperones: how one thing led to another. Photosynth Res 80: 333-343 (this issue)
102. Emerson R and Arnold W (1932a) A separation of the reactions in photosynthesis by means of intermittent light. J Gen Physiol 15: 391-420
103. Emerson R and Arnold W (1932b) The photochemical reaction in photosynthesis. J Gen Physiol 16: 191-205
104. Emerson R and Chalmers RV (1958) Speculations concerning the function and phylogenetic significance of the accessory pigments of algae. Phycol Soc News Bull 11: 51-56
105. Emerson R and Lewis CM (1941) Carbon dioxide exchange and the measurement of the quantum yield of photosynthesis. Am J Bot 28: 789-804
106. Emerson R and Lewis CM (1942) The photosynthetic efficiency of phycocyanin in Chroococus and the problem of carotenoid participation in photosynthesis. J Gen Physiol 25: 579-595
107. Emerson R and Lewis CM (1943) The dependence of the quantum yield of Chlorella photosynthesis on wavelength of light. Am J Bot 30: 165-178
108. Emerson R and Rabinowitch E (1960) Red drop and role of auxilary pigments in photosynthesis. Plant Physiol 35: 477-185
109. Emerson R, Chalmers RV and Cederstrand CN (1957) Some factors influencing the long wave limit of photosynthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 43: 133-143
110. Engelmami TW (1882) Über Sauerstoffausscheidung von Pflanzenzellen im Mikrospectrum. Bot Z 40: 419-426
111. Engelmann TW (1883) Farbe und Assimilation. Bot Z 41: 1-13, 17-29
112. Engelmann TW (1884) Untersuchungen über die quantitativen Beziehungen zwischen Absorption des Lichtes und Assimilation in Pflanzenzellen. Bot Z 44: 43-52, 64-69
113. Evans MCW, Reeves SG and Cammack R (1974) Determination of the oxidation reduction potential of the bound iron-sulphur proteins of primary electron acceptor complex of Photosystem 1 in spinach chloroplasts. FEBS Lett 49: 111-114
114. Feher G (1998) Three decades of research in bacterial photosynthesis and the road leading to it: a personal account. Photosynth Res 55: 1-40
115. Ferguson WJ, Braunschweiger KI, Braunschweiger WR, Smith JR, McCormick JJ, Wasmann CC, Jarvis NP, Bell DH and Good NE (1980) Hydrogen ion buffers for biological research. Anal Biochem 104: 300-310
116. Ferreira KN, Iverson TM, Maghlaoui K, Barber J and Iwata S (2004) Architecture of the photosynthetic oxygen-evolving center. Science 303: 1831-1837
117. Fish LE, Kück U and Bogorad L (1985) Two partially homogeneous adjacent light-inducible maize chloroplast genes encoding polypeptides of the P700 chlorophyll a protein complex of Photosystem I. J Biol Chem 260: 1413-1421
118. Floyd RA, Chance B and DeVault D (1971) Low temperature photo-induced reactions in green leaves and chloroplasts. Biochim Biophys Acta 226: 103-112
119. Frasch WD and Sayre RT (2002) Remembering George Cheniae, who never compromised his high standards of science. Photosynth Res 70: 245-247
120. French CS (1961) Light, pigments and photosynthesis. In: McElroy WD and Glass B (eds) (1961) A Symposium on Light and Life, pp 447-174. The Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, Maryland
121. French CS and Anson ML (1941) Oxygen production by isolated chloroplasts. Am J Bot 28: 12s (abstract)
122. Frenkel A (1954) Light induced phosphorylation by cell-free preparations of photosynthetic bacteria. J Am Chem Soc 76: 5568-5570
123. Fromme P and Mathis P (2004) Unraveling the Photosystem I reaction center: a history, or the sum of many efforts. Photosynth Res 80: 109-124 (this issue)
124. Gaffron H and Wohl K (1936) The theory of assimilation. Naturwissenschaften 24: 166-167
125. Gantt E and Conti S (1966) Phycobiliprotein localization in algae. In: Brookhaven Symposium in Biology No. 19. Energy Conversion by the Photosynthetic Apparatus, pp 393-405. Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York
126. Gantt E, Lipschultz CA and Zilinskas B (1976) Further evidence for a phycobilisome model from selective dissociation, fluorescence emission, immunoprecipitation, and electron microscopy. Biochim Biophys Acta 430: 375-388
127. Gest H (2000) Bicentenary homage to Dr. Jan Ingen-Housz, MD (1730-1799), pioneer of photosynthesis research. Photosynth Res 63: 183-190
128. Gest H (2002) History of the word photosynthesis and evolution of its definition. Photosynth Res 73: 7-10
129. Gest H (2004) Samuel Ruben's contributions to research on photosynthesis and bacterial metabolism with radioactive carbon. Photosynth Res 80: 77-83 (this issue)
130. Gest H and Blankenship RE (2004) Time line of discoveries: anoxygenic bacterial photosynthesis. Photosynth Res 80: 59-70 (this issue)
131. Good N (1960) Activation of the Hill reaction by amines. Biochim Biophys Acta 40: 502-517
132. Good NE and Izawa S (1972) Hydrogen ion buffers. Meth Enzymol 24: 53-68
133. Goodin DB, Yachandra VK, Britt RD, Sauer K and Klein MP (1984) State of manganese in the photosynthetic apparatus. 3. Light-induced changes in X-ray absorption (K-edge) energies of manganese in photosynthetic membranes. Biochim Biophys Acta 767: 209-216
134. Govindjee (1989) E.L. Smith: the discovery of chlorophyll protein complex during 1937-1941. Photosynth Res 16: 291-292
135. Govindjee (1995) Sixty-three years since Kautsky: cholorophyll a fluorescence. Aust J Plant Physiol 22: 131-160
136. Govindjee (1999a) On the requirement of minimum number of four versus eight quanta of light for the evolution of one molecule of oxygen in photosynthesis: A historical note. Photosynth Res 59: 249-254
137. Govindjee (1999b) Carotenoids in photosynthesis: An historical perspective. In: Frank HA, Young AJ, Britton G and Cogdell RJ (eds) The Photochemistry of Carotenoids, pp 1-19. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands
138. Govindjee (2000) Milestones in photosynthesis Research. In: Yunus M, Pathre U and Mohanty P (eds) Probing Photosynthesis: Mechanisms, Regulation and Adaptation, pp 9-39. Taylor and Francis, London
139. Govindjee and Gest H (eds) (2002a) Celebrating the millennium: historical highlights of photosynthesis research, Part 1. Photosynth Res 73: 1-308
140. Govindjee and Gest H (2002b) Celebrating the millennium: historical highlights of photosynthesis research. Photosynth Res 73: 1-6
141. Govindjee and Krogmann D (2002) A list of personal perspectives with selected quotations, along with lists of tributes, historical notes, Nobel and Kettering awards related to photosynthesis. Photosynth Res 73: 11-20
142. Govindjee and Rabinowitch E (1960) Two forms of chlorophyll a in vivo with distinct photochemical functions. Science 132: 159
143. Govindjee, Ichimura S, Cederstrand C and Rabinowitch E (1960) Effect of combining far-red light with shorter wave light in the excitation of fluorescence in Chlorella. Arch Biochem Biophys 89: 322-323
144. Govindjee, Barber J, Cramer WA, Goedheer JHC, Lavorel J, Marcelle R and Zilinskas B (eds) (1986) Excitation and electron transfer in photosynthesis - special issue dedicated to Warren L Butler. Photosynth Res 10: 147-518
145. Govindjee, Amesz J and Knox RS (1996) Photosynthetic unit: antenna and reaction centers. Photosynth Res 48: 1-319
146. Govindjee, Sestak Z and Peters WR (2002) The early history of 'Photosynthetica', 'Photosynthesis Research', and their publishers. Photosynthetica 40: 1-11
147. Govindjee, Beatty JT and Gest H (eds) (2003a) Celebrating the millennium: historical highlights of photosynthesis research, Part 2. Photosynth Res 76: 1-462
148. Govindjee, Beatty JT and Gest H (2003b) Celebrating the millennium: historical highlights of photosynthesis research, Part 2. Photosynth Res 76: 1-11 (Editorial)
149. Govindjee, Allen JF and Beatty JT (2004a) Celebrating the millennium: historical highlights of photosynthesis research, Part 3. Photosynth Res 80: 1-13 (Editorial) (this issue)
150. Govindjee, Allen JF and Beatty JT (2004b) Celebrating the millennium: historical highlights of photosynthesis research, Part 3. Photosynth Res 80: 1-466 (this issue)
151. Govindjee R, Thomas JB and Rabinowitch E (1961) Second Emerson effect in the Hill reaction of Chlorella cells with quinone as oxidant. Science 132: 421
152. Govindjee R, Govindjee and Hoch G (1962) The Emerson enhancement effect in TPN-photoreduction by spinach chloroplasts. Biochem Biophys Res Comm 9: 222-225
153. Goyal A (1998) Nathan Edward Tolbert (1919-1998). Ed Tolbert and his love for science: a journey from sheep ranch continues. Photosynth Res 65: 1-6
154. Gregorieva G and Shestakov S (1982) Transformation in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. 6803. FEMS Microbiol Lett B 127: 192-210
155. Grossman AR (2003) A molecular understanding of complementary chromatic adaptation. Photosynth Res 76: 207-215
156. Haehnel W, Hesse V and Propper A (1980) Electron transfer from plastocyanin to P700. FEBS Lett 111: 79-82
157. Hales S (1727) Vegetable Staticks, or, an Account of Some Statistical Experiments on the Sap in Vegetation. W. Innys, London
158. Hangarter RP and Gest H (2004) Pictorial demonstrations of photosynthesis. Photosynth Res 80: 421-425 (this issue)
159. Hatch MD (2002) C4 photosynthesis: discovery and resolution. Photosynth Res 73: 251-256
160. Hatch MD and Slack CR (1966) Photosynthesis in sugar cane leaves: a new carboxylation reaction and the pathway of sugar formation. Biochem J 101: 103-111
161. 6f complex: from lucky encounter to rewarding experiences. Photosynth Res 80: 277-291 (this issue)
162. Heber U (2002) Irrungen, Wirrungen? The Mehler reaction in relation to cyclic electron transport in C3 plants. Photosynth Res 73: 223-231
163. Heldt H-W (2002) Three decades in transport business: studies of metabolite transport in chloroplasts - a personal perspective. Photosynth Res 73: 265-272
164. Hill R (1937) Oxygen evolution by isolated chloroplasts. Nature 139: 881-882
165. Hill R (1939) Oxygen production by isolated chloroplasts. Proc R Soc London Ser B 127: 192-210
166. Hill R (1965) The biochemist's green mansions. The photosynthetic electron transport chain in plants. Essays Biochem 1: 121-151
167. Hill R (1972) Joseph Priestley (1733-1804) and his discovery of photosynthesis in 1771. In: Forti G, Avron M and Melandri A (eds) Photosynthesis, Two Centuries after its Discovery by Joseph Priestley, pp 1-18. Dr Junk Publishers, The Hague, The Netherlands
168. Hill R and Bendall F (1960) Function of the cytochrome components in chloroplasts: A working hypothesis. Nature 186: 136-137
169. Hill R and Bonner Jr WD (1961) The nature and possible function of chloroplast cytochromes. In: McElroy WD and Glass B (eds) (1961) A Symposium on Light and Life, pp 424-435. The Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, Maryland
170. Hiratsuka J, Shimada H, Whittier R, Ishibashi T, Sakamoto M, Mori M, Kondo C, Honji Y, Sun C-R, Meng BY, Li YQ, Kanno A, Nishizawa Y, Hirai A, Shinozaki K and Sugiura M (1989) The complete sequence of the rice (Oryza sativa) chloroplast genome: intermolecular recombination between distinct tRNA genes accounts for a major plastid DNA inversion during the evolution of cereals. Mol Gen Genet 217: 185-194
171. Hiyama T and Ke B (1971a) A new photosynthetic pigment, 'P430': its possible role as the primary acceptor of Photosystem I. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 63: 1010-1013
172. Hiyama T and Ke B (1971b) A further study of P430: a possible primary acceptor of Photosystem I. Arch Biochem Biophys 147: 99-108
173. Hoff AJ and Aartsma TJ (2002) Obituary: Jan Amesz (11 March 1934-29 January 2001). Photosynth Res 71: 1-4
174. Homann PH (2002) Chloride and calcium in Photosystem II: from effects to enigma. Photosynth Res 73: 169-175
175. Homann PH (2003) Hydrogen metabolism of green algae: discovery and early research - a tribute to Hans Gaffron and his coworkers. Photosynth Res 76: 93-103
176. Horecker BL, Hurwitz J and Weissbach A (1956) The enzymatic synthesis and properties of ribulose-1,5-diphosphate. J Biol Chem 218: 785-794
177. Huzisige H and Ke B (1993) Dynamics of the history of photosynthesis research. Photosynth Res 38: 185-209
178. Ingen-Housz J (1779) Experiments upon Vegetables, Discovering Their Great Power of Purifying the Common Air in the Sunshine and of Injuring it in the Shade and at Night; to Which is Joined a New Method of Examining the Accurate Degree of Salubrity of the Atmosphere. Elmsley and Payne, London
179. Ingen-Housz J (1796) Food of Plants and the Renovation of the Soil. Appendix to the Outlines of the Fifteenth Chapter of the Proposed General Report from the Board of Agriculture. Elmsley and Payne, London
180. Jacoby WB, Brummond DO and Ochoa S (1956) Formation of 3-phophoglyceric acid by carbon dioxide fixation with spinach leaf enzymes. J Biol Chem 218: 811-822
181. Jagendorf AT (1998) Chance, luck and photosynthesis research: An inside story. Photosynth Res 57: 215-229
182. Jagendorf AT (2002) Photophosphorylation and the chemiosmotic perspective. Photosynth Res 73: 233-241
183. Jagendorf AT and Uribe E (1966) ATP formation caused by acid-base transition of spinach chloroplasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 55: 170-177
184. Jensen RG and Bassham JA (1966) Photosynthesis by isolated chloroplasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 56: 1095-1101
185. Joliot P (1996) Rene Wurmser. Obituary. Photosynth Res 48: 321-326
186. Joliot P (2003) Period-four oscillation of the flash-induced oxygen formation in photosynthesis. Photosynth Res 76: 65-72
187. Joliot P and Joliot A (2003) Excitation transfer between photosynthetic units: the 1964 experiment. Photosynth Res 76: 241-245
188. Joliot P, Barbieri G and Chabaud R (1969) Un nouveau modele des centres photochimiques du systeme II. Photochem Photobiol 10: 309-329
189. Jordan P, Fromme P, Witt HT, Klukas O, Saenger W and Krauss N (2001) Three dimensional structure of cyanobacterial Photosystem I at 2.5 Angstrom resolution. Nature 411: 909-917
190. Kamen M (1963) Primary Processes in Photosynthesis. Academic Press, New York
191. Kamen M (1986) On creativity of eye and ear: a commentary on the career of T.W. Engelmann. Proc Am Phil Soc 130: 232-246
192. Kamiya N and Shen J-R (2003) Crystal structure of oxygen-evolving Photosystem II from Thermosynechococcus vulcanus at 3.7 Angstrom resolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100: 98-103
193. Kaneko T, Sato S, Kotami H, Tanaka M and Sugiura M (1996) Synechocystis sp. Strain PCC 6803. II. Sequence determination of the entire genome and assignment of potential protein regions. DNA Res 3: 109-136
194. Karpilov YS (1960) The distribution of radioactive carbon 14 amongst the products of photosynthesis of maize. Trudy Kazansk Sel'shokoz Institute 41: 15-24
195. Karrer P (1934) Über Carotinoidfarbstoffe. Z Angew Chemie 42: 918-924
196. Katoh S (2003) Early research on the role of plastocyanin in photosynthesis. Photosynth Res 76: 255-261
197. Kautsky H, Appel W and Armann H (1960) Chlorophyllfluoreszenz und Kohlensäureassimilation. XIII. Die Fluoreszenzkurve und die Photochemie der Pflanze. Biochem Z 332: 227-290
198. Ke B (2001) Photosynthesis: Photobiochemistry and Photobiophysics. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands
199. Ke B (2002) P430: a retrospective, 1971-2001. Photosynth Res 73: 207-214
200. Keys AJ, Bird IF, Cornelius MJ, Lea PJ, Wallsgrove RM and Miflin BJ (1978) Photorespiratory nitrogen cycle. Nature 275: 741-743
201. Khanna R, Graham JR, Myers J and Gantt E (1983) Phycobilisome composition and possible relationship to reaction centers. Arch Biochem Biophys 224: 534-542
202. Kindle KL, Schnell RA, Fernandez E and Lefebvre PA (1989) Stable nuclear transformation of Chlamydomonas using the Chlamydomonas gene for nitrate reductase. J Cell Biol 109: 2589-2601
203. Kirby JA, Robertson AS, Smith JP, Cooper SR and Klein MP (1981) The site of manganese in the photosynthetic apparatus. 1. EXAFS studies on chloroplasts and di m-oxo bridged di-manganese compounds. J Am Chem Soc 103: 5529-5537
204. Klimov (2003) Discovery of pheophytin function in the photosynthetic energy conversion as the primary electron acceptor of Photosystem II. Photosynth Res 76: 247-253
205. Klimov VV, Klevanik AV, Shuvalov VA and Krasnovsky AA (1977) Reduction of pheophytin in primary light reaction of Photosystem II. FEBS Lett 82: 183-186
206. Kok B (1956) On the reversible absorption change at 705 μm in photosynthetic organisms. Biochim Biophys Acta 22: 399-401
207. Kok B (1959) Light-induced absorption changes in photosynthetic organisms. II. A split-beam difference spectrophotometer. Plant Physiol 34: 184-192
208. Kok B and Hoch G (1961) Spectral changes in photosynthesis. In: McElroy WD and Glass B (eds) (1961) A Symposium on Light and Life, pp 397-423. The Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, Maryland
209. 2 evolution 1. Photochem Photobiol 11: 457-475
210. Kortschak HP, Harrt CE and Burr GO (1965) Carbon dioxide fixation in sugarcane leaves. Plant Physiol 40: 209-213
211. Krasnovsky AA (1948) Reversible photochemical reduction of chlorophyll by ascorbic acid. Dokl Akad Nauk SSSR 60: 421-124
212. Krasnovsky Jr AA (2003) Chlorophyll isolation, structure and function: major landmarks of the early history of research in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union. Photosynth Res 76: 389-103
213. Krogmann DW, Jagendorf AT and Avron M (1959) Uncouplers of spinach chloroplast photophosphorylation. Plant Physiol 34: 272-277
214. Kuang Ting-Yun, Xu Chunhe, Li Liang-Bi, Shen Yun-Kang (2003) Photosynthesis research in China. Photosynth Res 76: 451-158
215. Kühlbrand W (1984) Three dimensional structure of the
216. Kühlbrand W and Wang DN (1991) Three dimensional structure of plant light-harvesting complex determined by electron crystallography. Nature 350: 130-134
217. Kühlbrand W, Wang DN and Fujiyoshi Y (1994) Atomic model of plant light harvesting complex by electron crystallography. Nature 367: 614-621
218. Kühn R (1935) Plant pigments. Ann Rev Biochem 4: 479-496
219. 6f complex of oxygenic photosynthesis: tuning the cavity. Science 302: 1009-1014
220. Lane N (2002) Oxygen. The Molecule That Made the World. Oxford University Press, Oxford
221. Larkum AWD (2003) A tribute: contributions of Henrik Lundegårdh to photosynthesis. Photosynth Res 76: 105-110
222. Lavorel J (1975) Luminescence. In: Govindjee (ed) Bioenergetics of Photosynthesis, pp 223-317. Academic Press, New York
223. Lewin RA (2002) Prochlorophyta - a matter of class distinctions. Photosynth Res 73: 59-61
224. Liu Z, Yan H, Wang K, Kuang T, Zhang J, Gui L, An X and Chang W (2004) Crystal structure of spinach major light-harvesting complex at 2.72 Angstrom resolution. Nature 428: 287-292
225. Losada M, Whatley FR and Arnon DI (1961) Separation of two light reactions in non-cyclic phosphorylation of green plants. Nature 190: 606-610
226. Lubimenko VN (1910) Concentration of chlorophyll in chlorophyll grain and energy of photosynthesis. Trudy St Petersb Society of Naturalists 41: 1-266 [in Russian]
227. Lubimenko VN and Brilliant VA (1924) The Color of Plants. Plant Pigments. Gosizdat Publisher, Leningrad [in Russian]
228. Lynch VA and French CS (1957) β Carotene, an active component of chloroplasts. Arch Biochem Biophys 70: 382-391
229. Malkin R and Bearden AJ (1971) Primary reactions of photosynthesis: photoreduction of a bound chloroplast ferredoxin at low temperatures as detected by EPR spectroscopy. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 68: 16-19
230. Marcus RA (1996) Electron transfer reactions in chemistry. Theory and experiment (Chapter 10). In: Bendall DS (ed) Protein Electron Transfer. Bios Scientific, Oxford
231. Martin PG (1979) Amino acid sequence of the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase from spinach. Aust J Plant Physiol 6: 401-408
232. Martin W and Kowallik KV (1999) Annotated English translation of Mereschkowsky's 1905 paper Über Natur und Ursprung der Chromatophoren im Pflanzenreiche. Eur J Phycol 34: 287-295
233. Martinez S, Huang D, Sczcepaniak A, Cramer WC and Smith JL (1994) Crystal structure of chloroplast cytochrome f reveals a novel cytochrome fold and unexpected heme ligation. Structure 2: 95-105
234. Mayaudon J (1957) Study of association between the main nucleoprotein of green leaves and carboxdismutase. Enzymologia 18: 345-354
235. 2 fixation by Tetragonia expansa leaves extract. Biochim Biophys Acta 23: 342-351
236. Mayer JR (1845) Die organische Bewegung in ihrem Zussamenhag mit dem Stoffwechsel: Ein Beitrag zur Naturkunde. Verlag der C. Drechsler'schen Buchhandlung, Heilbronn
237. McElroy WD and Glass B (eds) (1961) A Symposium on Light and Life. The Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, Maryland
238. McIntosh L, Poulson C and Bogorad L (1980) Chloroplast gene sequence for the large subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase of maize. Nature 288: 556-560
239. Menke W (1990) Retrospective of a botanist. Photosynth Res 25: 77-82
240. Merchant S and Bogorad L (1986) Regulation by copper of the expression of plastocyanin and cytochrome c-552 in Chlamydomonas reinhardi. Mol Cell Biol 6: 462-169
241. Mereschkowsky C (1905) Über Natur und Ursprung der Chromatophoren im Pflanzenreiche. Biol Centralbl 25: 593-604
242. Mimuro M (2002) Visualization of excitation energy transfer processes in plants and algae. Photosynth Res 73: 127-132
243. Mitchell P (1961a) Coupling of phosphorylation to electron and hydrogen transfer by a chemiosmotic type of mechanism. Nature 191: 144-148
244. Mitchell P (1961b) Chemiosmotic Coupling in Oxidative and Photosynthetic Phosphorylation. Glynn Res, Bodmin, Cornwall, UK
245. Mitchell P (1975) Protonmotive Q-cycle-general formulation. FEBS Lett 59: 137-139
246. Mitchell P (1976) Possible molecular mechanism of the proton motive function of cytochrome systems. J Theor Biol 62: 327-367
247. Myers J (2002) In one era and out the other. Photosynth Res 73: 21-28
248. Myers J and French CS (1960) Evidences from action spectra for a specific participation of chlorophyll b in photosynthesis. J Gen Physiol 43: 723-736
249. Nelson N and Ben-Shem A (2002) Photosystem I reaction center: past and future. Photosynth Res 73: 193-206
250. 6f particle from chloroplasts. J Biol Chem 247: 1817-1824
251. Ochoa S and Vishniac W (1951) Photochemical reduction of pyridine nucleotides by spinach grana and coupled to carbon dioxide fixation. Nature 167: 768-769
252. Ogawa T (2003) Physical separation of chlorophyll protein complexes. Photosynth Res 76: 227-232
253. Ogren WL (2003) Affixing the O to rubisco: discovering the source of photorespiratory glycolate and its regulation. Photosynth Res 76: 53-63
254. Ogren WL and Bowes G (1971) Ribulose diphosphate carboxylase regulates soybean photorespiration. Nature New Biol 230: 159-160
255. Ohyama K, Fukuzawa H, Kohchi T, Shirai H, Sanao T, Sano S, Umesone K, Shiki Y, Takeuchi M, Chang Z, Aota S, Inokuchi H and Ozeki H (1986) Chloroplast gene organization deduced from complete sequence of liverwort Marchantia polymorpha chloroplast DNA. Nature 322: 572-574
256. Osterhout WJV (1918a) Dynamical aspects of photosynthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 4: 85-91
257. Osterhout WJV (1918b) On the dynamics of photosynthesis. J Gen Physiol 1: 1-16
258. Padan E (1979) Facultative anoxygenic photosynthesis in cyanobacteria. Ann Rev Plant Physiol 30: 27-10
259. Papageorgiou GC (2003) Photosynthesis research in Greece: a historical snapshot (1960-2001). Photosynth Res 76: 427-433
260. Park R and Sane PV (1981) Distribution of function and structure in chloroplast lamellae. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 22: 395-430
261. Parrett KC, Mehari T and Golbeck JH (1990) Resolution and reconstitution of the cyanobacterial Photosystem I complex. Biochim Biophys Acta 1015: 341-352
262. Parson WW (1989) Don DeVault. A tribute on the occasion of his retirement. Photosynth Res 22: 11-13
263. Parson WW (2003) Electron donors and acceptors in the initial steps of photosynthesis in purple bacteria: a personal account. Photosynth Res 76: 81-92
264. Pearlstein RM (2002) Photosynthetic exciton theory in the 1960s. Photosynth Res 73: 119-126
265. Pelletier J and Caventou JB (1818) Sur la matiere verte des feuilles. Ann Chim Phys Ser 2: 9: 194-196
266. Pfannschmidt T, Nilsson A and Allen JF (1999) Photosynthetic control of chloroplast gene expression. Nature 397: 625-628
267. Pirson A (1994) Sixty three years in algal physiology and photosynthesis. Photosynth Res 40: 207-222
268. Porra RJ (2002) The chequered history of the development and use of simultaneous equations for the accurate determinations of chlorophylls a and b. Photosynth Res 73: 149-156
269. Portis AR and Salvucci ME (2002) The discovery of Rubisco activase - yet another story of serendipity. Photosynth Res 73: 257-264
270. Priestley J (1772) Observations on different kinds of air. Phil Trans R Soc London 62: 147-264
271. Qyuale JR, Fuller RC, Benson AA and Calvin M (1954) Enzymatic carboxylation of ribulose diphosphate. J Am Chem Soc 76: 3610-3612
272. Rabinowitch EI (1945) Photosynthesis and Related Processes, Vol I. Chemistry of Photosynthesis, Chemosynthesis and Related Processes in vitro and in vivo. See Chapter 2, pp 12-28. Interscience Publishers, New York, 599 pp
273. Rabinowitch EI (1951) Photosynthesis and Related Processes, Vol II, Part 1. Spectroscopy and Fluorescence of Photosynthetic Pigments; Kinetics of Photosynthesis, pp 603-1208. Interscience Publishers, New York
274. Rabinowitch EI (1956) Photosynthesis and Related Processes, Vol II (Part 2). Kinetics of Photosynthesis (continued): Addenda to Vol I and Vol II, Part 1, pp 1211-2088. Interscience Publishers, New York
275. Rabinowitch EI and Govindjee (1961) Different forms of chlorophyll a in vivo and their photochemical function. In: McElroy WD and Glass B (eds) (1961) A Symposium on Light and Life, pp 378-391. The Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, Maryland
276. Rabinowitch EI and Weiss J (1937) Reversible oxidation of chlorophyll. Proc R Soc London Ser A 162: 251-267
277. Raghavendra AS, Sane PV and Mohanty P (2003) Photosynthesis research in India: from yield physiology to molecular biology. Photosynth Res 76: 435-150
278. Reed DW and Clayton R (1968) Isolation of a reaction center fraction from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 30: 471-175
279. Renger G (2003) Apparatus and mechanism of photosynthetic oxygen evolution: historical lines of research and current state of the art. Photosynth Res 76: 269-288
280. Renger G and Govindjee (eds) (1993) How plants and cyanobacteria make oxygen: 25 years of period four oscillations. Photosynth Res 38: 211-469
281. Rochaix JD (1995) Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as the photosynthetic yeast. Annu Rev Genet 29: 209-230
282. Rochaix JD (2002) The three genomes of Chlamydomonas. Photosynth Res 73: 285-293
283. 14. Phys Rev 59: 349-354
284. Ruben S, Kamen MD, Hassid WZ and DeVault D (1939) Photosynthesis with radiocarbon. Science 90: 570-571
285. Sachs J (Saxa Julia) (1853) Rosmluva o růstu bylin. Živa Časopis Přírodnický 1: 139-146
286. Sachs J (1862) Über den Einfluss des Lichtes auf die Bildung des Amylums in den Chlorophyllkornern. Bot Z 20: 365-373
287. Sachs J (1864) Über die Auflösung und Wiederbildung des Amylums in den Chlorophyllkornern bei wechselnder Beleuchtung. Bot Z 22: 189-294
288. Sachs J (1892) Über Pflanzen-physiologie. Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig
289. San Pietro A and Lang HM (1956) Accumulation of reduced pyridine nucleotides by illuminated grana. Science 124: 118-119
290. Satoh K (2003) The identification of the Photosystem II reaction center. Photosynth Res 76: 233-240
291. Scarisbrick R (1947) Haematin compounds in plants. Ann Rep Progr Chem 44: 226-236
292. Scheele CW (1781) Traite chimique de l'air et du feu. Rue et Hôtel Serpente, Academie Royale des Sciences, Paris, France
293. Schneider G, Lindqvist Y, Brändén C-I and Lorimer GH (1986) Three-dimensional structure of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from Rhodospirillum rubrum at 2.9Å resolution. EMBO J 5: 3409-3415
294. Seibert M and Wasielewski MR (2003) The isolated Photosystem II reaction center - first attempts to directly measure the kinetics of primary charge separation. Photosynth Res 76: 263-268
295. Senebier J (1783) Memoires physico-chimiques sur l'influence de la lumiere solaire pour modifier les etres des trios regnes de la nature et surtout ceux du regne vegetal. B. Chirol, Geneva
296. Senebier J (1788) Experiences sur l'action de la lumiere solaire dans la vegetation. Chez Briande, Paris
297. Shen Y-K (1994) Dynamic approaches to the mechanism of photosynthesis. Photosynth Res 39: 1-13
298. Shen Y-K and Shen GM (1962) The light intensity effect and intermediate steps of photophosphorylation. Sci Sinica 11: 1097-1106
299. Shestakov SV (2002) Gene-targeted and site-directed mutagenesis of photosynthesis genes in cyanobacteria. Photosynth Res 73: 279-284
300. Shibata K (1957) Spectroscopic studies on chlorophyll formation in intact leaves. J Biochem 44: 147-173
301. Shin M (2004) How is ferredoxin-NADP reductase involved in the NADP photoreduction of chloroplasts? Photosynth Res 80: 307-313 (this issue)
302. Shinozaki K, Ohme M, Tanaka M, Wakasugi T, Hayashida N, Matsubayashi T, Zaita N, Chunwongse J, Obokata J, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Ohio C, Torazawa K, Meng BY, Sugita M, Deno H, Kamogashira T, Yamada K, Kusuda K, Takaiwa F, Kato A, Tohdoh N, Shimada H and Sugiura M (1986) The complete nucleotide sequence of the tobacco chloroplast genome: its gene organization and expression. EMBO J 5: 2043-2049
303. Sironval C, Michel-Wolwertz MR and Madsen A (1965) On the nature and possible functions of the 673- and 684-nm forms in vivo of chlorophyll. Biochim Biophys Acta 94: 344-354
304. Smith EL (1938) Solutions of chlorophyll-protein compounds (phyllochlorins) extracted from spinach. Science 88: 170-171
305. Smith JHC and Young VMK (1956) Chlorophyll formation and accumulation in plants. In: Hollaender A (ed) Radiation Biology, Vol 3, pp 393-142. McGraw Hill Book, New York
306. Soret JL (1883) Analyse spectrale: Sur le spectre d'absorption du song dans la partie violette et ultra-violette. Compt Rend 97: 1269-1273
307. Spoehr HA (1919) The development of conceptions of photosynthesis since Ingen-housz. Sci Mon July: 32-16
308. Spoehr HA and McGee JM (1924) Absorption of carbon dioxide the first step in photosynthesis. Science 59: 513-514
309. Staehelin LA (2003) Chloroplast structure: from chlorophyll granules to supra-molecular architecture of thylakoid membranes. Photosynth Res 76: 185-196
310. Staub JM and Maliga P (1992) Long regions of homologous DNA are incorporated into the tobacco plastid genome by transformation. Plant Cell 4: 39-15
311. Stemler AJ (2002) The bicarbonate effect, oxygen evolution and the shadow of Otto Warburg. Photosynth Res 73: 177-183
312. Stokes GG (1852) On the change of refrangibility of light. Phil Trans R Soc London 142: 463-562
313. Strehler B and Arnold WA (1951) Light production by green plants. J Gen Physiol 34: 809-820
314. 6f complex. Nature 426: 413-118
315. Sugiura M (2003) History of chloroplast genomics. Photosynth Res 76: 371-377
316. Tagawa K and Arnon DI (1962) Ferredoxins as electron carriers in photosynthesis and in the biological production and consumption of hydrogen gas. Nature 195: 537-543
317. Tagawa K, Tsujimoto HY and Arnon DI (1963) Analysis of photosynthetic reactions by the use of monochromatic light. Nature 199: 1247-1252
318. Tamura N and Cheniae G (1987) Photoactivation of water oxidizing complex in Photosystem II membranes depleted of manganese and extrinsic proteins. I. Biochemical and kinetic characterization. Biochim Biophys Acta 890: 179-194
319. Tandeau de Marsac N (2003) Phycobiliproteins and phycobilisomes: the early observations. Photosynth Res 76: 197-205
320. The Arabidopsis Genome Initiative (2000) Analysis of the genome sequence of the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Nature 408: 796-815
321. Thornber JP (1975) Chlorophyll proteins-light harvesting and reaction center components of plants. Ann Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 26: 127-158
322. Thornber JP, Ridley SM and Bailey JL (1965) The isolation and partial characteristics of Fraction I protein from spinach-beet chloroplasts. Biochem J 96: 29c-31c
323. Thorne SW (1971) The greening of etiolated bean leaves. I. The initial photoconversion process. Biochim Biophys Acta 226: 113-127
324. Thunberg T (1923) Ein Beitrag zur Theorie der Kohlensä ureassimilation. Zeitschr F Physikal Chem 106: 305-312
325. Timiriazeff CA (1868) A set-up for investigation of air-nutrition of leaves and application of artificial illumination to the studies of this type. Trudy I Meeting of the Russian naturalists and physicians. St. Petersburg, 1868, Botanical section, p 17 and 74-80 [in Russian]
326. Timiriazeff CA (1874) Sur l'action de la lumiere dans la decomposition de l'acide carbonique par la granule de chlorophylle. International Botanical Congress, Firenze, Italy, May, pp 108-117
327. Timiriazeff CA (1875) On the utilization of light by plants. Doctoral dissertation. The University of St. Petersburg, Russia [in Russian]
328. Timiriazeff CA (1877) Sur la decomposition de l'acide carbonique dans le spectre solaire par le particles verte des végétaux. Compt Rend 84: 1236-1239
329. Tolmach LJ (1951) Effect of triphosphopyridine nucleotide upon oxygen evolution and carbon dioxide fixation by illuminated chloroplasts. Nature 167: 946-948
330. Trebst A (1975) Energy conservation in photosynthetic electron transport of chloroplasts. Ann Rev Plant Physiol 25: 423-458
331. Trown PW (1965) An improved method for the isolation of carboxydismutase: Probable identity with Fraction I protein and the protein moiety of protochlorophyll holochrome. Biochemistry 4: 908-918
332. Tsukihara T, Fukuyama K, Nakamura M, Katsube M, Tanaka N, Kakudo M, Wada K, Hase T and Matsubara H (1981) X-ray analysis of a [2Fe-2S] ferredoxin from Spirulina platensis. Main chain fold and location of side chains at 2.5 Å. J Biochem Jpn 90: 1763-1773
333. Tswett M (1906) Absorption Analyse und Chromatographische Methode. Anwendung auf die Chemie des Chlorophylls. Ber Deut Bot Ges 24: 384-393
334. van Ginkel G and Goedheer JHC (1991) Jan Bartolomeus Thomas (1907-1991). Photosynth Res 30: 65-69
335. Van Niel CB (1931) On the morphology and physiology of the purple and the green bacteria. Arch Mikrobiol 3: 1-12
336. Van Niel CB (1941) The bacterial photosyntheses and their importance for the general problem of photosynthesis. Adv Enzymol 1: 263-328
337. Van Noort G and Wildman SG (1964) Enzymatic properties of Fraction-I protein isolated by a specific antibody. Biochim Biophys Acta 90: 309-317
338. van Rensen JJS (2002) Role of bicarbonate at the acceptor side of Photosystem II. Photosynth Res 73: 185-192
339. Vass I (2003) The history of photosynthetic thermoluminescence. Photosynth Res 76: 303-318
340. 6 and f in chloroplasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76: 2765-2769
341. Vermeglio A (2002) The two-electron gate in photosynthetic bacteria. Photosynth Res 73: 83-86
342. Vernon LP (2003) Photosynthesis and the Charles F. Kettering research laboratory. Photosynth Res 76: 379-388
343. Vernon LP, Shaw ER, Ogawa T and Raveed D (1971) Structure of Photosystem I and Photosystem II of plant chloroplasts. Photochem Photobiol 14: 343-357
344. 2O). Dokl Akad Nauk SSSR 33: 497-501
345. Vinogradov AP and Teis RV (1947) Novel determination of the isotope composition of oxygen of photosynthesis. Dokl Akad Nauk SSSR 56: 57-58
346. von Baeyer A (1864) Über die Wasserentziehung und ihre Bedeutung für das Pflanzenleben und die Gährung. Ber Deut Chem Ges 3: 63
347. Vredenberg WJ (1982) In Memoriam: Professor Evert Christiaan Wassink (1905-1981). Am Soc Photobiol Newslett No. 56, April, 1982 (edited by Thomas P. Coohill)
348. Vredenberg WJ, Amesz J and Duysens LNM (1965) Light-induced spectral shifts in bacteriochlorophyll and carotenoid absorption spectra. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 18: 435-439
349. Walker DA (1992) Energy, Plants and Man (2nd edition). Oxygraphics, Brighton, UK (See Figure 3.8 in this book.)
350. Walker DA (2002a) 'And whose bright presence' - an appreciation of Robert Hill and his reaction. Photosynth Res 73: 51-54
351. Walker DA (2002b) The Z-scheme-down hill all the way. Trends Plant Sci 7: 183-185
352. 2 fixation by fully functional intact chloroplasts. Photosynth Res 76: 319-327
353. Walker DA and Hill R (1967) The relation of oxygen evolution to carbon assimilation with isolated chloroplasts. Biochim Biophys Acta 131: 330-338
354. Walker JE (1994) The regulation of catalysis in ATP synthase. Curr Opin Struct Biol 4: 912-918
355. Warburg O and Negelein E (1922) Über den Energieumsatz bei der Kohlensäureassimilation. Zeit Physikal Chem 102: 235-266; Naturwissenschaften 10: 647-653
356. Warburg O and Negelein E (1922) Über den Energieumsatz bei der Kohlensäureassimilation. Zeit Physikal Chem 102: 235-266; Naturwissenschaften 10: 647-653
357. Warburg O and Uyesugi T (1924) Über die Blackmansche Reaktion. Biochem Z 146: 486-492
358. Wasielewski MR, Johnson DG, Seibert M and Govindjee (1989) Determination of the primary charge separation rate in isolated Photosystem II reaction centers with 500 femtosecond time resolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86: 542-548
359. Wassink EC and Kersten JAH (1945) Photosynthesis and fluorescence of the chlorophylls of diatoms. Enzymologia 11: 282-312
360. 2 fixation with spinach extracts. J Am Chem Soc 76: 3611-3612
361. Weissbach A, Horecker BL and Hurwitz J (1956) The enzymatic formation of phosphoglyceric acid from ribulose diphosphate and carbon dioxide. J Biol Chem 218: 795-810
362. Whitmarsh J and Govindjee (1999) The photosynthetic process. In: Singhal GS, Renger G, Sopory SK, Irrgang K-D and Govindjee (eds), Concepts in Photobiology. Photosynthesis and Photomorphogenesis, pp 11-51. Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi, India/Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands (also available at http://www.life.uiuc.edu/govindjee/paper.html)
363. Wild A and Ball R (1997) Photosynthetic Unit and Photosystems. History of Research and Current View (Relationship of Structure and Function), pp 219. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands
364. Wildman SG (1998) Discovery of Rubisco. In: Kung SD and Yang SF (eds) Discoveries in Plant Biology. Chapter 12, pp 163-173. World Scientific Publishing, Singapore
365. Wildman SG (2002) Along the trail from Fraction 1 protein to Rubisco (ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase). Photosynth Res 73: 243-250
366. Wildman SG, Hirsch AM, Kirchanski SJ and Spencer D (2004) Chloroplasts in living cells and the string-of-grana concept of chloroplast structure revisited. Photosynth Res 80: 345-352 (this issue)
367. Willstätter R (1915) Chlorophyll. J Am Chem Soc 37: 323-345
368. Willstätter R and Stoll A (1913) Untersuchungen über Chlorophyll. Justus Springer, Berlin (English translation by Schertz FM and Merz AR, Science Printing Press, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, 1928)
369. Witt HT (1971) Coupling of quanta, electrons, field, ions, and phosphorylation in the functional membrane of photosynthesis. Results by pulse spectroscopic methods. Quart Rev Biophys 4: 365-477
370. Witt HT (2004) Steps on the way to building blocks, topologies, crystals and X-ray structural analysis of Photosystems I and II of water-oxidizing photosynthesis. Photosynth Res 80: 85-107 (this issue)
371. Witt HT, Müller A and Rumberg B (1961a) Experimental evidence for the mechanism of photosynthesis. Nature 191: 194-195
372. Witt HT, Müller A and Rumberg B (1961b) Oxidized cytochrome and chlorophyll in photosynthesis. Nature 192: 967-969
373. Witt I, Witt HT, Gerken S, Saenger W, Decker J and Rogner N (1987) Crystallization of reaction center I of photosynthesis. FEBS Lett 221: 260-264
374. Wurmser R (1921) Recherches sur l'assimilation chlorophyllienne. Thèse de doctorat, Paris, France
375. Wurmser R (1930) Oxydations et reductions. Presses Universitaires de France, Paris, France
376. Wydrzynski TJ (2004) Early indications for manganese oxidation state changes during photosynthetic oxygen production: a personal account. Photosynth Res 80: 125-135 (this issue)
377. Wydrzynski T, Zumbulyadis N, Schmidt PG and Govindjee (1975) Water proton relaxation as a monitor of membrane-bound manganese in spinach chloroplasts. Biochim Biophys Acta 408: 349-354
378. Wydrzynski T, Zumbulyadis N, Schmidt PG, Gutowsky HS and Govindjee (1976) Proton relaxation and charge accumulation during oxygen evolution in photosynthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 73: 1196-1198
379. Yachandra VK, Sauer K and Klein MP (1996) Manganese cluster in photosynthesis: where plants oxidize water to dioxygen. Chem Rev 96: 2927-2950
380. Yakushiji E (1935) Über das Vorkommen des Cytochroms in höheren Pflanzen und in Algen. Acta Phytochim (Tokyo) 8: 325
381. Zhang H, Carrell CJ, Huang H, Sled V, Onishi T, Smith JL and Cramer WA (1996) Characterization and crystallization of the lumen side domain of the chloroplast Rieske iron sulfur protein. J Biol Chem 271: 31360-31366
382. Zouni A, Witt H-T, Kern J, Fromme P, Krauss N, Saenger W and Orth P (2001) Crystal structure of Photosystem II from Synechococcus elongatus at 3.8 Å resolution. Nature 409: 739-743
383. r38,950. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79: 7699-7703