메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 50, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 213-217

Strong irritants masquerading as skin allergens: The case of benzalkonium chloride

Author keywords

Antimicrobials; Benzalkonium chloride; EU regulatory classification; False positive patch tests; Patch testing technique; Surfactants

Indexed keywords

ALLERGEN; BENZALKONIUM CHLORIDE;

EID: 3042691093     PISSN: 01051873     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.0105-1873.2004.00331.x     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (89)

References (48)
  • 1
    • 0004199323 scopus 로고
    • Edinburgh, Churchill Livingstone
    • Cronin E. Contact Dermatitis. Edinburgh, Churchill Livingstone, 1980: 693.
    • (1980) Contact Dermatitis , pp. 693
    • Cronin, E.1
  • 2
    • 0026448833 scopus 로고
    • Allergic contact reactions in health personnel
    • Fisher A A. Allergic contact reactions in health personnel. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1992: 90: 729-738.
    • (1992) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.90 , pp. 729-738
    • Fisher, A.A.1
  • 4
    • 0018374518 scopus 로고
    • Allergic reactions to benzalkonium chloride
    • Afzelius H, Thulin H. Allergic reactions to benzalkonium chloride. Contact Dermatitis 1979: 5: 60.
    • (1979) Contact Dermatitis , vol.5 , pp. 60
    • Afzelius, H.1    Thulin, H.2
  • 6
    • 0003358979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dangerous substances directive, 22nd adaptation to technical progress (96/54/EC)
    • European Community. Dangerous substances directive, 22nd adaptation to technical progress (96/54/EC). Official J Eur Communities 1996: 199: L248.
    • (1996) Official J Eur Communities , vol.199
  • 7
    • 0036323878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of a rule base for identifying contact allergens by using a regulatory database: Comparison of data on chemicals notified in the European Union with 'structural alerts' used in the DEREK expert system
    • Zinkke S, Gerner I, Schlede E. Evaluation of a rule base for identifying contact allergens by using a regulatory database: comparison of data on chemicals notified in the European Union with 'structural alerts' used in the DEREK expert system. Alternatives Lab Anim 2002: 30: 285-298.
    • (2002) Alternatives Lab Anim , vol.30 , pp. 285-298
    • Zinkke, S.1    Gerner, I.2    Schlede, E.3
  • 8
    • 0029863338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of a human patch test for the identification and classification of skin irritation potential
    • York M, Griffiths H A, Whittle E, Basketter D A. Evaluation of a human patch test for the identification and classification of skin irritation potential. Contact Dermatitis 1996: 34: 204-212.
    • (1996) Contact Dermatitis , vol.34 , pp. 204-212
    • York, M.1    Griffiths, H.A.2    Whittle, E.3    Basketter, D.A.4
  • 10
    • 0025337232 scopus 로고
    • Ranking of surfactant skin irritancy in vivo in man using the plastic occlusion stress test (POST)
    • Berardesca E, Fideli D, Gabba P, Cespa M, Rabbiosi G, Maibach H I. Ranking of surfactant skin irritancy in vivo in man using the plastic occlusion stress test (POST). Contact Dermatitis 1990: 23: 1-5.
    • (1990) Contact Dermatitis , vol.23 , pp. 1-5
    • Berardesca, E.1    Fideli, D.2    Gabba, P.3    Cespa, M.4    Rabbiosi, G.5    Maibach, H.I.6
  • 12
    • 0029117477 scopus 로고
    • Surfactants and experimental irritant contact dermatitis
    • Effendy I, Maibach H I. Surfactants and experimental irritant contact dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 1995: 33: 217-225.
    • (1995) Contact Dermatitis , vol.33 , pp. 217-225
    • Effendy, I.1    Maibach, H.I.2
  • 13
    • 0032406387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A combined murine local lymph node and irritancy assay to predict sensitization and irritancy potential of chemicals
    • Woolhiser M R, Hayes B B, Meade B J. A combined murine local lymph node and irritancy assay to predict sensitization and irritancy potential of chemicals. Toxicol Methods 1998: 8: 245-256.
    • (1998) Toxicol Methods , vol.8 , pp. 245-256
    • Woolhiser, M.R.1    Hayes, B.B.2    Meade, B.J.3
  • 14
    • 0034946339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validity and ethics of the human 4 hour patch test as an alternative method to assess acute skin irritation potential
    • Robinson M K, Basketter D A. Validity and ethics of the human 4 hour patch test as an alternative method to assess acute skin irritation potential. Contact Dermatitis 2001: 45: 1-12.
    • (2001) Contact Dermatitis , vol.45 , pp. 1-12
    • Robinson, M.K.1    Basketter, D.A.2
  • 15
    • 0034486553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Irritant reactions to an antiseptic bath emollient
    • Ling T C, Highet A S. Irritant reactions to an antiseptic bath emollient. J Dermatol Treat 2000: 11: 263.
    • (2000) J Dermatol Treat , vol.11 , pp. 263
    • Ling, T.C.1    Highet, A.S.2
  • 16
    • 0004271592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skin disease from dental materials
    • Rycroft R J G, Menné T, Frosch P J, Lepoittevin J-P (eds): Berlin, Springer Verlag
    • Kanerva L. Skin disease from dental materials. In: Textbook of Contact Dermatitis, 3rd edn. Rycroft R J G, Menné T, Frosch P J, Lepoittevin J-P (eds): Berlin, Springer Verlag, 2001: 841-881.
    • (2001) Textbook of Contact Dermatitis, 3rd Edn. , pp. 841-881
    • Kanerva, L.1
  • 18
    • 0029883183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Further evaluation of the local lymph node assay in the final phase of an international collaborative trial
    • Loveless S, Ladics G, Gerberick G F et al. Further evaluation of the local lymph node assay in the final phase of an international collaborative trial. Toxicology 1996: 108: 141-152.
    • (1996) Toxicology , vol.108 , pp. 141-152
    • Loveless, S.1    Ladics, G.2    Gerberick, G.F.3
  • 19
    • 0032489787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strategies for identifying false positive responses in predictive skin sensitization tests
    • Basketter D A, Gerberick G F, Kimber I. Strategies for identifying false positive responses in predictive skin sensitization tests. Food Chem Toxicol 1998: 36: 327-333.
    • (1998) Food Chem Toxicol , vol.36 , pp. 327-333
    • Basketter, D.A.1    Gerberick, G.F.2    Kimber, I.3
  • 20
    • 0028961773 scopus 로고
    • A critical commentary and updating of the guinea pig maximisation test
    • Kligman A M, Basketter D A. A critical commentary and updating of the guinea pig maximisation test. Contact Dermatitis 1995: 32: 129-134.
    • (1995) Contact Dermatitis , vol.32 , pp. 129-134
    • Kligman, A.M.1    Basketter, D.A.2
  • 21
    • 0029829578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The value and limitations of rechallenge in the guinea pig maximisation test
    • Frankild S, Basketter D A, Andersen K E. The value and limitations of rechallenge in the guinea pig maximisation test. Contact Dermatitis 1996: 35: 135-140.
    • (1996) Contact Dermatitis , vol.35 , pp. 135-140
    • Frankild, S.1    Basketter, D.A.2    Andersen, K.E.3
  • 22
    • 0024461251 scopus 로고
    • Contact sensitivity to topical antimicrobials
    • Goh C. Contact sensitivity to topical antimicrobials. Contact Dermatitis 1989: 21: 166-171.
    • (1989) Contact Dermatitis , vol.21 , pp. 166-171
    • Goh, C.1
  • 23
    • 0036667368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of a B cell marker (B220) to discriminate between allergens and irritants in the local lymph node assay
    • Gerberick G F, Cruse L, Ryan C A et al. Use of a B cell marker (B220) to discriminate between allergens and irritants in the local lymph node assay. Toxicol Sci 2002: 68: 420-428.
    • (2002) Toxicol Sci , vol.68 , pp. 420-428
    • Gerberick, G.F.1    Cruse, L.2    Ryan, C.A.3
  • 24
    • 0037683581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of interleukin-1α (IL-1α) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) expression and release in in vitro reconstructed human epidermis for the prediction of in vivo skin irritation and/or sensitization
    • Coquette A, Berna N, Vandenbosch A, Rosdy M, De Wever B, Poumay P. Analysis of interleukin-1α (IL-1α) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) expression and release in in vitro reconstructed human epidermis for the prediction of in vivo skin irritation and/or sensitization. Toxicol In Vitro 2003: 17: 311-321.
    • (2003) Toxicol in Vitro , vol.17 , pp. 311-321
    • Coquette, A.1    Berna, N.2    Vandenbosch, A.3    Rosdy, M.4    De Wever, B.5    Poumay, P.6
  • 25
    • 0028322348 scopus 로고
    • Cytokine induction in human epidermal keratinocytes exposed to contact irritants and its relation to chemical-induced inflammation in mouse skin
    • Wilmer J L, Burleson F G, Kayama F, Kanno J, Luster M I. Cytokine induction in human epidermal keratinocytes exposed to contact irritants and its relation to chemical-induced inflammation in mouse skin. J Invest Dermatol 1994: 102: 915-922.
    • (1994) J Invest Dermatol , vol.102 , pp. 915-922
    • Wilmer, J.L.1    Burleson, F.G.2    Kayama, F.3    Kanno, J.4    Luster, M.I.5
  • 26
    • 0027219188 scopus 로고
    • Differential patterns of epidermal leukcocyte infiltration in patch test reactions to structurally unrelated chemical irritants
    • Willis C M, Stephens C J M, Wilkinson J D. Differential patterns of epidermal leukcocyte infiltration in patch test reactions to structurally unrelated chemical irritants. J Invest Dermatol 1993: 101: 364-370.
    • (1993) J Invest Dermatol , vol.101 , pp. 364-370
    • Willis, C.M.1    Stephens, C.J.M.2    Wilkinson, J.D.3
  • 27
    • 0033921111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation of induced changes in interleukin 1β mRNA expression by cultured human dendritic cells as an in vitro approach to skin sensitization testing
    • Pichowski J S, Cumberbatch M, Dearman R J, Basketter D A, Kimber I. Investigation of induced changes in interleukin 1β mRNA expression by cultured human dendritic cells as an in vitro approach to skin sensitization testing. Toxicol In Vitro 2000: 14: 351-360.
    • (2000) Toxicol In Vitro , vol.14 , pp. 351-360
    • Pichowski, J.S.1    Cumberbatch, M.2    Dearman, R.J.3    Basketter, D.A.4    Kimber, I.5
  • 28
    • 0035070685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Allergen-induced changes in interleukin 1β (IL-1β) mRNA expression by human blood-derived dendritic cells: Inter-individual differences and relevance for sensitisation testing
    • Pichowski J S, Cumberbatch M, Dearman R J, Basketter D A, Kimber I. Allergen-induced changes in interleukin 1β (IL-1β) mRNA expression by human blood-derived dendritic cells: inter-individual differences and relevance for sensitisation testing. J Appl Toxicol 2001: 21: 115-121.
    • (2001) J Appl Toxicol , vol.21 , pp. 115-121
    • Pichowski, J.S.1    Cumberbatch, M.2    Dearman, R.J.3    Basketter, D.A.4    Kimber, I.5
  • 30
    • 0023261155 scopus 로고
    • Allergic contact dermatitis and conjunctivitis from benzalkonium chloride
    • Fisher A A. Allergic contact dermatitis and conjunctivitis from benzalkonium chloride. Cutis 1987: 381-383.
    • (1987) Cutis , pp. 381-383
    • Fisher, A.A.1
  • 31
    • 0034111057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occupational contact dermatitis from benzalkonium chloride
    • Kanerva L, Jolanki R, Estlander T. Occupational contact dermatitis from benzalkonium chloride. Contact Dermatitis 2000: 42: 357-358.
    • (2000) Contact Dermatitis , vol.42 , pp. 357-358
    • Kanerva, L.1    Jolanki, R.2    Estlander, T.3
  • 32
    • 0015380288 scopus 로고
    • Allergic contact sensitivity to benzalkonium chloride
    • Fisher A A, Stillman M A. Allergic contact sensitivity to benzalkonium chloride. Arch Dermatol 1972: 106: 169-171.
    • (1972) Arch Dermatol , vol.106 , pp. 169-171
    • Fisher, A.A.1    Stillman, M.A.2
  • 33
    • 0027473826 scopus 로고
    • Contact allergy to benzalkonium chloride and glutaraldehyde in a dental nurse
    • Cusano F, Luciano S. Contact allergy to benzalkonium chloride and glutaraldehyde in a dental nurse. Contact Dermatitis 1993: 28: 127.
    • (1993) Contact Dermatitis , vol.28 , pp. 127
    • Cusano, F.1    Luciano, S.2
  • 34
  • 35
    • 0034094276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Allergic contact dermatitis from benzalkonium chloride in an antifungal solution
    • Park H J, Kang H A, Lee J Y, Kim H O. Allergic contact dermatitis from benzalkonium chloride in an antifungal solution. Contact Dermatitis 2000: 42: 306-307.
    • (2000) Contact Dermatitis , vol.42 , pp. 306-307
    • Park, H.J.1    Kang, H.A.2    Lee, J.Y.3    Kim, H.O.4
  • 36
    • 0036204970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Allergic contact dermatitis from dibutyl phthalate and benzalkonium chloride in Timodine® cream
    • Chowdhury M M U, Statham B. Allergic contact dermatitis from dibutyl phthalate and benzalkonium chloride in Timodine® cream. Contact Dermatitis 2002: 46: 57.
    • (2002) Contact Dermatitis , vol.46 , pp. 57
    • Chowdhury, M.M.U.1    Statham, B.2
  • 37
    • 0028356444 scopus 로고
    • Allergy to benzalkonium chloride simulating dermatomyositis
    • Cox N H. Allergy to benzalkonium chloride simulating dermatomyositis. Contact Dermatitis 1994: 31: 50.
    • (1994) Contact Dermatitis , vol.31 , pp. 50
    • Cox, N.H.1
  • 38
    • 0026043964 scopus 로고
    • Allergic reactions to benzalkonium chloride? Do the use test!
    • Klein G F, Sepp N, Fritsch P. Allergic reactions to benzalkonium chloride? Do the use test! Contact Dermatitis 1991: 25: 269-270.
    • (1991) Contact Dermatitis , vol.25 , pp. 269-270
    • Klein, G.F.1    Sepp, N.2    Fritsch, P.3
  • 39
    • 0025938651 scopus 로고
    • Contact dermatitis caused by allergy to ophthalmic drugs and contact lens solutions
    • Herbst R A, Maibach H I. Contact dermatitis caused by allergy to ophthalmic drugs and contact lens solutions. Contact Dermatitis 1991: 25: 305-312.
    • (1991) Contact Dermatitis , vol.25 , pp. 305-312
    • Herbst, R.A.1    Maibach, H.I.2
  • 40
    • 0030449560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Allergic contact dermatitis from benzalkonium chloride in plaster of Paris
    • Stanford D, Georgouras K. Allergic contact dermatitis from benzalkonium chloride in plaster of Paris. Contact Dermatitis 1996: 35: 371-372.
    • (1996) Contact Dermatitis , vol.35 , pp. 371-372
    • Stanford, D.1    Georgouras, K.2
  • 41
    • 0019868468 scopus 로고
    • Contact allergy to benzalkonium chloride in plaster of Paris
    • Lovell C R, Staniforth P. Contact allergy to benzalkonium chloride in plaster of Paris. Contact Dermatitis 1981: 7: 343-344.
    • (1981) Contact Dermatitis , vol.7 , pp. 343-344
    • Lovell, C.R.1    Staniforth, P.2
  • 43
    • 0029112177 scopus 로고
    • Contact allergens in toothpastes and a review of their hypersensitivity
    • Sainio E, Kanerva L. Contact allergens in toothpastes and a review of their hypersensitivity. Contact Dermatitis 1995: 33: 100.
    • (1995) Contact Dermatitis , vol.33 , pp. 100
    • Sainio, E.1    Kanerva, L.2
  • 44
    • 0027233591 scopus 로고
    • Patch test reactions to a preliminary preservative series
    • Brasch J, Henseler T, Frosch P J. Patch test reactions to a preliminary preservative series. Dermatosen 1993: 41: 71-75.
    • (1993) Dermatosen , vol.41 , pp. 71-75
    • Brasch, J.1    Henseler, T.2    Frosch, P.J.3
  • 45
    • 0029047819 scopus 로고
    • Clinical relevance in allergic contact dermatitis, an algorithmic approach
    • Ale S, Maibach H I. Clinical relevance in allergic contact dermatitis, an algorithmic approach. Dermatosen 1995: 43: 119.
    • (1995) Dermatosen , vol.43 , pp. 119
    • Ale, S.1    Maibach, H.I.2
  • 47
    • 0030253696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benzalkonium chloride
    • Letter
    • Bendix S. Benzalkonium chloride. Contact Dermatitis 1996: 35: 264-265 [Letter].
    • (1996) Contact Dermatitis , vol.35 , pp. 264-265
    • Bendix, S.1
  • 48
    • 0027377115 scopus 로고
    • Benzalkonium chloride - A relevant contact allergen or irritant? Results of a multicenter study of the German contact allergy group
    • Fuchs T, Meinert A, Aberer W et al. Benzalkonium chloride - a relevant contact allergen or irritant? Results of a multicenter study of the German contact allergy group. Hautarzt 1993: 44: 699-702.
    • (1993) Hautarzt , vol.44 , pp. 699-702
    • Fuchs, T.1    Meinert, A.2    Aberer, W.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.