Post-adolescent acne

International Journal of Cosmetic Science

Volumn 26, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 129-138

  Knaggs, H E ^a   Wood, E J ^b   Rizer, R L ^c   Mills, O H ^d  

^a UNILEVER RESEARCH   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS   (United Kingdom)

^c Thomas J Stephens and Associates   (United States)

^d ROBERT WOOD JOHNSON MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

Acne; Androgens; Cosmetics; Oestrogens; Post adolescent acne

Indexed keywords

ANDROGEN; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; BENZOYL PEROXIDE; CORTICOTROPIN; COSMETIC; CYPROTERONE ACETATE; DESOGESTREL; DEXAMETHASONE; DIANE; ESTROGEN; FLUOXETINE; GESTODENE; GLYCOLIC ACID; HORMONE; ISOTRETINOIN; LANOLIN; LEVONORGESTREL; NORGESTIMATE; NORGESTREL; ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE AGENT; PETROLATUM; PRASTERONE SULFATE; PROGESTERONE; RETINOIC ACID; RETINOID DERIVATIVE; SALICYLIC ACID; SEX HORMONE BINDING GLOBULIN; TESTOSTERONE; TESTOSTERONE 17BETA DEHYDROGENASE; UNINDEXED DRUG; VEGETABLE OIL;

ACNE; ADOLESCENT DISEASE; ADRENAL DISEASE; ANDROGEN BLOOD LEVEL; ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; BACTERIAL COLONIZATION; BACTERIAL INFECTION; COMEDO; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; DEPRESSION; DISEASE EXACERBATION; ENDOCRINE DISEASE; HEREDITY; HUMAN; HYPERANDROGENISM; INCIDENCE; INFLAMMATION; MICROBIAL ACTIVITY; ORAL CONTRACEPTION; OVARY INSUFFICIENCY; OVARY POLYCYSTIC DISEASE; PROPIONIBACTERIUM ACNES; REVIEW; SEBUM SECRETION; SIDE EFFECT; SMOKING; STRESS; ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION;

EID: 3042616100     PISSN: 01425463     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-2494.2004.00210.x     Document Type: Review

References (52)

1. Stern, R.S. Acne therapy: medication use and sources of care in office-based practice. Arch. Dermatol. 132, 776-780 (1996).
2. Stern, R.S. The prevalence of acne based on the basis of physical examination. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 26, 931-935 (1992).
3. Cohen, E.L. Incidence of clinical acne in man. Lancet 1, 168 (1942).
4. Bloch, B. Metabolism, endocrine glands and skin diseases with special reference to acne vulgaris and xanthoma. Br. J. Dermatol. 43, 61-87 (1931).
5. Walker, N. and Percival, G.H. Inflammation: acne. In: An introduction to dermatology, pp. 216-217. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, MD (1939).
6. Roxburgh, A.C. Diseases of the sebaceous and sweat glands. Acne vulgaris. In: Common skin diseases. pp. 318-326. GN Lewis, London (1939).
7. Cohen, E.L. The incidence and localisation of acne. Br. J. Dermatol. 57, 10-14 (1945).
8. Sulzberger, M.B. and Willen. V.W. The management of acne today. Med. Clin. North Am. 43, 887-893 (1959).
9. Epstein, E. Incidence of facial acne in adults. Dermatol. Digest 2, 49-58 (1968).
10. O'Loughlin, M. Acne in the adult female. Aust. J. Dermatol. 7, 218-222 (1964).
11. Newman, B.A. and Feldman, F.F. Adult premenstrual acne. Arch. Dermatol. Syphil. 69, 356-363 (1954).
12. Goulden, V., Clark, S.M. and Cunliffe, W.J. Post-adolescent acne: a review of clinical features. Br. J. Dermatol. 136, 66-70 (1997).
13. Goulden, V., Stables, G.I. and Cunliffe, W.J. Prevalence of facial acne in adults. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 41, 577-580 (1999).
14. Shafer, T., Nienhaus, A., Vieluf, D. et al. Epidemiology of acne in the general population: the risk of smoking. Br. J. Dermatol. 145, 100-104 (2001).
15. Cunliffe, W.J. and Gould, D.J. Prevalence of facial acne vulgaris in late adolescence and in adults. Br. Med. J. 1, 1109-1110 (1979).
16. Burke, B.M. and Cunliffe, W.J. The assessment of acne vulgaris: the Leeds technique. Br. J. Dermatol. 111, 82-94 (1984).
17. Plewig, G. and Kligman, A.M. In: Acne and rosacea, pp. 3-221. Springer-Verlag, Berlin (1993).
18. Downing, D.T., Stewart, M.E., Wertz, P.W. and Strauss, J.S. Essential fatty acids and acne. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 14, 221-225 (1986).
19. McGeown, C.H., Goulden, V., Holland, D.B. et al. Sebum excretion rate in post-adolescent acne compared to controls and adolescent acne. J. Invest. Dermatol. 108, 386 (1997).
20. Motoyoshi, K. Enhanced comedo formation in rabbit ear skin by squalene and oleic acid peroxides. Br. J. Dermatol. 109, 191-198 (1983).
21. Parker, L.N. and Odell, W.D. Control of adrenal androgen secretion. Endocrine Rev. 1, 392-410 (1980).
22. Orentreich, N. and Rizer, R.L. Medical treatment of androgenetic alopecia. In: Hair, trace elements and human illness: Part IV. Hirsutism and alopecia (Brown, A.C. and Crounse, R.A., eds), pp. 294-304. Praeger Press, New York (1980).
23. Cunliffe, W.J. Androgen abnormalities in acne subjects. In: Acne (Marks, R., ed.), pp. 156-160. Martin Dunitz, London (1989).
24. Darley, C.R., Moore, J.W., Besser, G.M. et al. Androgen status in women with late onset and persistent acne vulgaris. Clin. Exp. Dermatol. 9, 28-35 (1984).
25. Medda, F., Nieddu, R., Fiore, R. et al. Hormonal profile and androgen status during the menstrual cycle in women with acne. Clin. Exp. Obst. Gyn. 4, 137-142 (1988).
26. Lucky, A.W., McGuire, J., Rosenfield, R.L. et al. Plasma androgens in women with acne vulgaris. J. Invest. Dermatol. 81, 70-71 (1983).
27. Pochi, P.E., Comite, H. and Longcope, C. Adrenocortical response to exogenous ACTH in women with chronic, treatment resistant acne. J. Invest. Dermatol. 82, 412 (1984).
28. Odlind, V., Carlstrom, K., Michaelsson, G. et al. Plasma androgenic activity in women with acne vulgaris and in healthy girls before, during and after puberty. Clin. Endocrinol. 16, 243-249 (1982).
29. Levell, M.J., Cawood, M.L., Burke, V. et al. Acne is not associated with abnormal plasma androgens. Br. J. Dermatol. 120, 649-654 (1989).
30. Cibula, D., Hill, M., Vohradnikova, O. et al. The role of androgens in determining acne severity in adult women. Br. J. Dermatol. 143, 399-404 (2000).
31. Harrington, C.I. Post-adolescent acne and marital break up. Br. J. Dermatol. (Letter) 137, 478-479 (1997).
32. Kligman, A.M. Post-adolescent acne in women. Cutis 48, 75-77 (1991).
33. Aizawa, H. and Niimura, M. Adrenal androgen abnormalities in women with late onset and persistent acne. Arch. Dermatol. Res. 284, 451-455 (1993).
34. Lucky, A.W., Rosenfield, R.L., McGuire, J. et al. Adrenal androgen hyperresponsiveness to adrenocorticotropin women with acne and/or hirsutism: adrenal enzyme defects and exaggerated adrenarche. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 62, 840-848 (1986).
35. Drucker, W.D., Rizer, R.L., Knowles, P.J. and Russell, T.J. Acne, androgens and stress. In: Proceedings and Abstracts of 71st Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society, Seattle, Washington, Abstract no. 649, p. 185 (1989).
36. Thiboutot, D., Gilliland, K., Light, J. et al. Androgen metabolism in sebaceous glands from subjects with and without acne. Arch. Dermatol. 135, 1041-1045 (1999).
37. Thiboutot, D., Knaggs, H.E., Gilliland, K. et al. Activity of 5-α-reductase and 17-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the infrainfundibulum of subjects with and without acne vulgaris. Dermatology 196, 38-42 (1998).
38. Eady, E.A., Cove, J.H., Holland, K.T. et al. Erythromycin resistant propionibacteria in antibiotic treated acne patients: associated with therapeutic failure. Br. J. Dermatol. 121, 51-57 (1989).
39. Till, A.E., Goulden, V., Cunliffe, W.J. et al. The cutaneous microflora of adolescent, persistent and late-onset acne patients does not differ. Br. J. Dermatol. 142, 885-892 (2000).
40. Kligman, A.M. and Mills, O.H. Acne cosmetica. Arch. Dermatol. 111, 65-68 (1975).
41. Khanna, N. and Gupta, S.D. Acneiform eruptions after facial beauty treatment. Int. J. Dermatol. 38, 196-199 (1999).
42. Cunliffe, W.J. Clinical features of acne. In: Acne (Marks, R., ed.). p. 59. Martin Dunitz. London (1989).
43. Nelson, F.P. and Rumsfield, J. Cosmetics. Int. J. Dermatol. 27, 665-672 (1988).
44. Kligman, A.M. A critical look at acne cosmetica. J. Cutan. Aging Cosin. Dermatol. 1, 109-114 (1988).
45. Epinette, W.W., Greist, M.C. and Ozols, I.I. The role of cosmetics in postadolescent acne. Cutis 29, 500-514 (1982).
46. Atzori, L., Brundu, M.A., Orru, A. and Biggio, P. Glycolic acid peeling in the treatment of acne. J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol. 12, 119-122 (1999).
47. McConnell, R.C., Fleischer, A.B., Williford, P.M. et al. Most topical tretinoin treatment is for acne vulgaris through the age of 44 years: an analysis of the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey 1990-1994. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 38, 221-226 (1998).
48. Stainforth, J., Layton, A., Taylor, J. et al. Isotretinoin for the treatment of acne vulgaris: which factors may predict the need for more than one course? Br. J. Dermatol. 129, 297-301 (1993).
49. Layton, A.M., Henderson, K. and Cunliffe, W.J. A clinical assessment of acne scarring. Clin. Exp. Dermatol. 4, 303-308 (1994).
50. Beylot, C., Doutre, M.S. and Beylot-Barry, M. Oral contraceptives and cyproterone acetate in female acne treatment. Dermatology 196, 148-152 (1998).
51. Lucky, A.W., Henderson, T.A., Olson, W.H. et al. Effectiveness of norgestimate and ethinyl oestradiol in treating moderate acne vulgaris. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 37, 746-754 (1997).
52. Olson, W.H., Lippman, J.S. and Robisch, D.M. The duration of response to norgestimate and ethinyl oestradiol in the treatment of acne vulgaris. Int. J. Fertil. Womens Med. 43, 286-289 (1998).