The cutaneous microflora of adolescent, persistent and late-onset acne patients does not differ

British Journal of Dermatology

Volumn 142, Issue 5, 2000, Pages 885-892

  Till, A E ^a   Goulden, V ^b   Cunliffe, W J ^b   Holland, Keith ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS   (United Kingdom)

^b LEEDS GENERAL INFIRMARY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Adolescent acne; Cutaneous microflora; Late onset acne; Persistent acne

Indexed keywords

IMMUNOGLOBULIN G;

ACNE; ADOLESCENCE; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ADULTHOOD; ANTIBODY TITER; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; HUMAN; IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALASSEZIA; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROPIONIBACTERIUM ACNES; SEX DIFFERENCE; SKIN FLORA; STAPHYLOCOCCUS;

ACNE VULGARIS; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE OF ONSET; ANTIBODIES, BACTERIAL; FEMALE; FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE; HUMANS; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; MALASSEZIA; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PROPIONIBACTERIUM ACNES; SKIN; STAPHYLOCOCCUS;

EID: 0034084916     PISSN: 00070963     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03467.x     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. 1 Cunliffe WJ. Acne (Marks R. ed.). London: Martin Dunitz, 1989.
2. 2 Cunliffe WJ, Shuster S. The rate of sebum excretion in man. Br J Dermatol 1969; 81: 697-704.
3. 3 Leyden JJ. McGinley KJ. Mills OH et al. Age related changes in the resident bacterial flora of the face. J Invest Dermatol 1975; 65: 379-81.
4. 4 Bibel DJ, Lovell DJ. Skin flora maps: a tool to the study of cutaneous ecology. J Invest Dermatol 1976; 67: 265-9.
5. 5 Kloos WE, Musselwhite MS. Distribution and persistence of Staphylococcuss and Micrococcus species and other aerobic bacteria on human skin. Appl Microbiol 1975; 30: 381-95.
6. 6 Gloor M, Franke M. On the propionibacteria in the pilosebaceous ducts of uninvolved skin of acne patients. Arch Dermatol Res 1978; 262: 125-9.
7. 7 Marples RR, McGinley KJ, Mills OH Jr. Microbiology of comedones in acne vulgaris. J Invest Dematol 1973; 60: 80-3.
8. 8 Holland KT, Cunliffe WJ, Roberts CD. Acne vulgaris: an investigation into the numbers of anaerobic diphtheroids and numbers of the Micrococcaceae in normal and acne skin. Br J Dermatol 1977; 96: 623-6.
9. 9 Puhvel SM, Amirian DA. Bacterial flora of comedones. Br J Dermatol 1979; 101: 543-8.
10. 10 Puhvel SM, Reisner RM, Amirian DA. Quantification of bacteria in isolated pilosebaceous follicles in normal skin. J Invest Dermatol 1975; 65: 525-31.
11. 11 Leeming JP, Holland KT, Cunliffe WJ. The microbial ecology of pilosebaceous units from human skin. J Gen Microbiol 1984; 130: 803-7.
12. 12 Leeming JP, Holland KT, Cunliffe WJ. The pathological and ecological significance of micro-organisms colonising acne vulgaris comedones. J Med Microbiol 1985; 20: 11-16.
13. 13 Leeming JP, Holland KT, Cunliffe WJ. The microbial colonisation of inflamed acne vulgaris lesions. Br J Dermatol 1988; 118: 203-8.
14. 14 Kearney JN, Harnby D, Gowland G et al. The follicular distribution and abundance of resident bacteria on human skin. J Gen Microbiol 1984; 130: 797-801.
15. 15 Eady EA, Ingham E. Propionibacterium acnes - friend or foe? Rev Med Microbiol 1994; 5: 163-75.
16. 16 Eady EA, Cove JH, Holland KT, Cunliffe WJ. Erythromycin resistant propionibacteria in antibiotic treated acne patients: association with therapeutic failure. Br J Dermatol 1989; 121: 51-7.
17. 17 Norris JFB, Cunliffe WJ, A histological and immunocytochemical study of early acne lesions. Br J Dermatol 1988; 118: 651-9.
18. 18 Puhvel SM, Hoffman IK, Sternberg TH. Carynebacterium acnes: presence of complement fixing antibodies to Corynebacterium acnes in the sera of patients with acne vulgaris. Arch Dermatol 1966; 93: 364-6.
19. 19 Holland DB, Ingham E, Gowland G, Cunliffe WJ. IgG subelasses in acne vulgaris. Br J Dermatol 1986; 114: 349-51.
20. 20 Ingham E, Gowland G, Ward RM et al. Antibodies to P. acnes and P. acnes exocellular enzymes in the normal populations at various ages, and in patients with acne vulgaris. Br J Dermatol 1987; 116: 805-12.
21. 21 O'Loughlin M. Acne in the adult female. Australas J Dermatol 1964; 7: 218-22.
22. 22 Epstein E. Incidence of facial acne in adults. Dermatol Digest 1968; 7: 49-58.
23. 23 Cunliffe WJ, Gould DJ. Prevalence of facial acne vulgaris in late adolescence and in adults. Br Med J 1979; i: 1109-10.
24. 24 Burke BM, Cunliffe WJ. The assessment of acne vulgaris - the Leeds technique. Br J Dermatol 1984; 111: 83-92.
25. 25 Williamson P, Kligman AM. A new method for the quantitative investigation of cutaneous bacteria. J Invest Dermatol 1965; 45: 498-503.
26. 26 Holland KT, Roberts CD, Cunliffe WJ, Williams M. A technique for sampling micro-organisms from pilo-sebaceous ducts. J Appl Bacteriol 1974; 57: 289-96.
27. 27 Marshall J, Leeming JP, Holland KT. The cutaneous microflora of normal human feet. J Appl Bacteriol 1987; 62: 139-46.
28. 28 Marples RR, McGinley KJ. Carynebacterium acnes and other anaerobic diphtheroids from human skin. J Med Microbiol 1974; 7: 349-57.
29. 29 Cunningham AC, Leeming JP, Ingham E, Gowland G. Differentiation of three serovars of Malassezia furfur. J Appl Bacteriol 1990; 68: 439-46.
30. 30 Sokal RR, Rohlf FJ. Biometry. 2nd edn. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman and Co., 1981.
31. 31 Aldana OL, Holland DB, Cunliffe WJ. Variation in pilosebaceous duct keratinocyte proliferation in acne patients. Dermatol 1998; 196: 98-9.
32. 32 Kligman AM, Leyden JJ, McGinley KJ. Bacteriology. J Invest Dermatol 1976; 67: 160-8.
33. 33 Ashbee HR, Ingham E, Holland KT, Cunliffe WJ. The carriage of Malassezia furfur serovars A, B and C in patients with pityriasis versicolor, seborrhoeic dermatitis and controls. Br J Dermatol 1993; 129: 533-40.
34. 34 McGinley KJ, Webster GF, Leyden JJ. Regional variations of cutaneous propionibacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 1978; 35: 62-6.
35. 35 Noble WC, Pitcher DG. Microbial ecology of the human skin. Adv Microbial Ecol 1976; 2: 245-89.
36. 36 Leyden JJ, McGinley KJ, Holzle E et al. The microbiology of the human axilla and its relationship to axillary odour. J Invest Dermatol 1981; 77: 413-16.
37. 37 McGinley KJ, Webster GF, Ruggieri MR, Leyden JJ. Regional variations in density of cutaneous propionibacteria II. correlation of Propionibacterium acnes populations with sebaceous secretion. J Clin Microbiol 1980; 12: 672-5.
38. 38 McGeown CH, Goulden V, Holland DB et al Sebum excretion rate in post-adolescent acne compared to control and adolescent acne. J Invest Dermatol 1997; 108: 386 (Abstr.).
39. 39 Cove JH, Cunliffe WJ, Holland KT. Acne vulgaris: is the bacterial size significant? Br J Dermatol 1980; 102: 277-80.
40. 40 Kearney JN, Ingham E, Cunliffe WJ. Holland KT. Correlations between human skin bacteria and skin lipids. Br J Dermatol 1984; 110: 593-9.
41. 41 Ashbee HR, Muir SR, Mayana UM et al. IgG subclasses to Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes in patients with acne vulgaris and controls. Br J Dermatol 1997; 136: 730-3.
42. 42 Gowland G, Ward RM, Holland KT, Cunliffe WJ. Cellular immunity to P. acnes in the normal population and patients with acne vulgaris. Br J Dermatol 1978; 99: 43-7.