Developmental dyslexia, learning and the cerebellum

Journal of Neural Transmission, Supplement

Volumn , Issue 69, 2005, Pages 19-36

  Nicolson, R I ^a   Fawcett, A J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AUTOMATISM; BRAIN FUNCTION; CEREBELLUM; COGNITIVE DEFECT; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; DYSLEXIA; HUMAN; LEARNING; NEUROANATOMY; ONTOGENY; PHONETICS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SPEECH ARTICULATION; WORKING MEMORY;

CEREBELLAR DISEASES; CEREBELLUM; DYSLEXIA; HUMANS; LEARNING;

EID: 30344459737     PISSN: 03036995     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/3-211-31222-6_2     Document Type: Review

References (86)

1. Ackerman PT, Dykman RA (1995) Reading-disabled students with and without comorbid arithmetic disability. Dev Neuropsychol 11: 351-371
2. Ackermann H, Hertrich I (2000) The contribution of the cerebellum to speech processing. J Neurolinguist 13: 95-116
3. Ackermann H, Wildgruber D, Daum I, Grodd W (1998) Does the cerebellum contribute to cognitive aspects of speech production? A functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study in humans. Neurosci Lett 247: 187-190
4. Albus JS (1971) A theory of cerebellar function. Math Biosci 10: 25-61
5. Baddeley AD, Thomson N, Buchanan M (1975) Word length and the structure of short term memory. J Verbal Learn Verbal Behav 14: 575-589
6. Badian NA (1984) Reading disability in an epidemiological context: incidence and environmental correlates. J Learn Disabil 17: 129-136
7. Bates E, Dick F (2002) Language, gesture, and the developing brain. Dev Psychobiol 40: 293-310
8. Bradley L, Bryant PE (1983) Categorising sounds and learning to read: a causal connection. Nature 301: 419-421
9. Brindley GS (1964) The use made by the cerebellum of the information that it receives from the sense organs. Int Brain Res Org Bull 3: 80
10. Brodai A (1981) The cerebellum. In: Brodai A (ed) Neurological anatomy in relation to clinical medicine. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 294-393
11. Brown WE, Eliez S, Menon V, Rumsey JM, White CD, Reiss AL (2001) Preliminary evidence of widespread morphological variations of the brain in dyslexia. Neurology 56: 781-783
12. Davis BL, MacNeilage PF (2000) An embodiment perspective on the acquisition of speech perception. Phonetica 57: 229-241
13. Dean P, Porrill J, Stone JV (2002) Decorrelation control by the cerebellum achieves oculomotor plant compensation in simulated vestibulo-ocular refelx. Proc Roy Soc Lond B 269: 1895-1904
14. Demonet JF, Taylor MJ, Chaix Y (2004) Developmental dyslexia. Lancet 363: 1451-1460
15. Denckla MB, Rudel RG (1976) Rapid 'Automatized' naming (R.A.N.). Dyslexia differentiated from other learning disabilities. Neuropsychologia 14: 471-479
16. Dow RS, Moruzzi G (1958) The physiology and pathology of the cerebellum. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis
17. Eccles JC, Ito M, Szentagothai J (1967) The cerebellum as a neuronal machine. Springer, New York
18. Eckert MA, Leonard CM, Richards TL, Aylward EH, Thomson J, Berninger VW (2003) Anatomical correlates of dyslexia: frontal and cerebellar findings. Brain 126: 482-494
19. Eden GF, VanMeter JW, Rumsey JM, Maisog JM, Woods RP, Zeffiro TA (1996) Abnormal processing of visual motion in dyslexia revealed by functional brain imaging. Nature 382: 66-69
20. Ejiri K, Masataka N (2001) Co-occurrence of preverbal vocal behavior and motor action in early infancy. Dev Sci 4: 40-48
21. Fabbro F, Moretti R, Bava A (2000) Language impairments in patients with cerebellar lesions. J Neurolinguist 13: 173-188
22. Fawcett AJ, Nicolson RI (1992) Automatisation deficits in balance for dyslexic children. Percept Mot Skills 75: 507-529
23. Fawcett AJ, Nicolson RI (1994) Naming speed in children with dyslexia. J Learning Disabil 27: 641-646
24. Fawcett AJ, Nicolson RI (1995a) Persistent deficits in motor skill for children with dyslexia. J Motor Behav 27: 235-241
25. Fawcett AJ, Nicolson RI (1995b) Persistence of phonological awareness deficits in older children with dyslexia. Reading and Writing 7: 361-376
26. Fawcett AJ, Nicolson RI (1999) Performance of dyslexic children on cerebellar and cognitive tests. J Motor Behav 31: 68-78
27. Fawcett AJ, Nicolson RI, Dean P (1996) Impaired performance of children with dyslexia on a range of cerebellar tasks. Ann Dyslexia 46: 259-283
28. Finch AJ, Nicolson RI, Fawcett AJ (2002) Evidence for a neuroanatomical difference within the olivo-cerebellar pathway of adults with dyslexia. Cortex 38: 529-539
29. Frank J, Levinson HN (1973) Dysmetric dyslexia and dyspraxia: hypothesis and study. J Am Acad Child Psychiatry 12: 690-701
30. Fulbright RK, Jenner AR, Menel WE, Pugh KR, Shaywitz BA, Shaywitz SE, Frost SJ, Skudlarski P, Constable RT, Lacadie CM, Marchione KE, Gore JC (1999) The cerebellum's role in reading: a functional MR imaging study. Am J Neuroradiol 20: 1925-1930
31. Galaburda A, Livingstone M (1993) Evidence for a magnocellular defect in developmental dyslexia. Ann NY Acad Sci 682: 70-82
32. Galaburda AM, Sherman GF, Rosen GD, Aboitiz F, Geschwind N (1985) Developmental dyslexia - 4 consecutive patients with cortical anomalies. Ann Neurol 18: 222-233
33. Galaburda AM, Menard MT, Rosen GD (1994) Evidence for aberrant auditory anatomy in developmental dyslexia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91: 8010-8013
34. Gathercole SE, Baddeley AD (1989) Evaluation of the role of phonological STM in the development of vocabulary in children: a longitudinal study. J Memory Language 28: 200-213
35. Glickstein M (1993) Motor skills but not cognitive tasks. Trends Neurosci 16: 450-451
36. Green JR, Moore CA, Higashikawa M, Sleeve RW (2000) The physiologic development of speech motor control: lip and jaw coordination. J Speech Language Hearing Res 43: 239-255
37. Holmes G (1917) The symptoms of acute cerebellar injuries due to gunshot injuries. Brain 40: 461-535
38. Holmes G (1922) Clinical symptoms of cerebellar disease and their interpretation. Lancet 1: 1177-1237
39. Holmes G (1939) The cerebellum of man. Brain 62: 1-30
40. Ito M (1984) The cerebellum and neural control. Raven Press, New York
41. Ito M (1990) A new physiological concept on cerebellum. Rev Neurol (Paris) 146: 564-569
42. Ivry RB, Keele SW (1989) Timing functions of the cerebellum. J Cogn Neurosci 1: 136-152
43. Jenkins IH, Brooks DJ, Nixon PD, Frackowiak RSJ, Passingham RE (1994) Motor sequence learning - a study with Positron Emission Tomography. J Neurosci 14: 3775-3790
44. Jorm AF, Share DL, McLean R, Matthews D (1986) Cognitive factors at school entry predictive of specific reading retardation and general reading backwardness: a research note. J Child Psychol Psychiatry Allied Disciplines 27: 45-54
45. Justus TC, Ivry RB (2001) The cognitive neuropsychology of the cerebellum. Int Rev Psychiatry 13: 276-282
46. Kawato M, Gomi H (1992) The cerebellum and VOR/OKR learning models. Trends Neurosci 15: 445-452
47. Leiner HC, Leiner AL, Dow RS (1989) Reappraising the cerebellum: what does the hindbrain contribute to the forebrain. Behav Neurosci 103: 998-1008
48. Leiner HC, Leiner AL, Dow RS (1991) The human cerebro-cerebellar system: its computing, cognitive, and language skills. Behav Brain Res 44: 113-128
49. Leiner HC, Leiner AL, Dow RS (1993) Cognitive and language functions of the human cerebellum. Trends Neurosci 16: 444-447
50. Leonard CM (2001) Imaging brain structure in children: differentiating language disability and reading disability. Learning Disabil Quart 24: 158-176
51. Levinson HN (1988) The cerebellar-vestibular basis of learning disabilities in children, adolescents and adults: hypothesis and study. Percept Mot Skills 67: 983-1006
52. Livingstone MS, Rosen GD, Drislane FW, Galaburda AM (1991) Physiological and anatomical evidence for a magnocellular defect in developmental dyslexia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88: 7943-7947
53. Lyytinen H, Ahonen T, Eklund K, Guttorm TK, Laakso ML, Leinonen S, Leppanan PHT, Lyytinen P, Poikkeus AM, Puolakanaho A, Richardson U, Viholainen H (2001) Developmental pathways of children with and without familial risk for dyslexia during the first years of life. Dev Neuropsychol 20: 535-554
54. MacNeilage PF, Davis BL (2001) Motor mechanisms in speech ontogeny: phylogenetic, neurobiological and linguistic implications. Curr Opin Neurobiol 11: 696-700
55. Marien P, Engelborghs S, Fabbro F, De Deyn PP (2001) The lateralized linguistic cerebellum: a review and a new hypothesis. Brain Language 79: 580-600
56. Marr D (1969) A theory of cerebellar cortex. J Physiol (Lond) 202: 437-470
57. Martlew M (1992) Handwriting and spelling - dyslexic childrens abilities compared with children of the same chronological age and younger children of the same spelling level. Br J Educ Psychol 62: 375-390
58. Morton J, Frith U (1995) Causal modelling: a structural approach to developmental psychopathology. In: Cicchetti D (ed) Manual of developmental psychopathology. Wiley, New York, pp 274-298
59. Newell A, Rosenbloom PS (1981) Mechanisms of skill acquisition and the law of practice. In: Anderson JR (ed) Cognitive skills and their acquisition. Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ
60. Nicolson RI (2002) The dyslexia ecosystem. Dyslexia: Int J Res Pract 8: 55-66
61. Nicolson RI, Fawcett AJ (1990) Automaticity: a new framework for dyslexia research? Cognition 35: 159-182
62. Nicolson RI, Fawcett AJ (1994) Reaction times and dyslexia. Quart J Exp Psychol 47A: 29-48
63. Nicolson RI, Fawcett AJ (1996) The dyslexia early screening test. The Psychological Corporation, London
64. Nicolson RI, Fawcett AJ (2000) Long-term learning in dyslexic children. Eur J Cogn Psychol 12: 357-393
65. Nicolson RI, Fawcett AJ, Dean P (1995) Time-estimation deficits in developmental dyslexia - evidence for cerebellar involvement. Proc Roy Soc Lond Series B-Biol Sci 259: 43-47
66. Nicolson RI, Fawcett AJ, Dean P (2001) Developmental dyslexia: the cerebellar deficit hypothesis. Trends Neurosci 24: 508-511
67. Passingham RE (1975) Changes in the size and organization of the brain in man and his ancestors. Brain Behav Evol 11: 73-90
68. Rae C, Lee MA, Dixon RM, Blamire AM, Thompson CH, Styles P, Talcott J, Richardson AJ, Stein JF (1998) Metabolic abnormalities in developmental dyslexia detected by H-1 magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Lancet 351: 1849-1852
69. Rae C, Harasty JA, Dzendrowskyj TE, Talcott JB, Simpson JM, Blamire AM, Dixon RM, Lee MA, Thompson CH, Styles P, Richardson AJ, Stein JF (2002) Cerebellar morphology in developmental dyslexia. Neuropsychologia 40: 1285-1292
70. Rudel RG (1985) The definition of dyslexia: language and motor deficits. In: Duffy FH, Geschwind N (eds) Dyslexia: a neuroscientific approach to clinical evaluation. Little Brown, Boston
71. Shankweiler D, Grain S, Katz L, Fowler AE, Liberman AM, Brady SA, Thornton R, Lundquist E, Dreyer L, Fletcher JM, Stuebing KK, Shaywitz SE, Shaywitz BA (1995) Cognitive profiles of reading-disabled children - comparison of language-skills in phonology, morphology, and syntax. Psychol Sci 6: 149-156
72. Silveri MC, Misciagna S (2000) Language, memory, and the cerebellum. J Neurolinguist 13: 129-143
73. Snowling M (1987) Dyslexia: a cognitive developmental perspective. Blackwell, Oxford
74. Snowling M, Hulme C (1994) The development of phonological skills. Phil Transact Roy Soc Lond Series B-Biol Sci 346: 21-27
75. Stanovich KE (1988) Explaining the differences between the dyslexic and the garden-variety poor reader: the phonological-core variable-difference model. J Learn Disabil 21: 590-604
76. Stein J, Walsh V (1997) The magnocellular deficit theory of dyslexia - reply. Trends Neurosci 20: 398
77. Stein JF, Glickstein M (1992) Role of the cerebellum in visual guidance of movement. Physiol Rev 72: 972-1017
78. Thach WT (1996) On the specific role of the cerebellum in motor learning and cognition: clues from PET activation and lesion studies in man. Behav Brain Sci 19: 411-431
79. Turkeltaub PE, Eden GF, Jones KM, Zeffiro TA (2002) Meta-analysis of the functional neuroanatomy of single-word reading: method and validation. Neuroimage 16: 765-780
80. Vellutino FR (1979) Dyslexia: theory and research. MIT Press, Cambridge
81. Vellutino FR, Fletcher JM, Snowling M, Scanlon DM (2004) Specific reading disability (dyslexia): what have we learned in the past four decades? J Child Psychol Psychiatry 45: 2-40
82. Wang VY, Zoghbi HY (2001) Genetic regulation of cerebellar development. Nature Rev Neurosci 2: 484-491
83. Wolf M, Bowers PG (1999) The double-deficit hypothesis for the developmental dyslexias. J Educ Psychol 91: 415-438
84. Wolff PH, Michel GF, Ovrut M (1990) Rate variables and automatized naming in developmental dyslexia. Brain Language 39: 556-575
85. World Federation of Neurology (1968) Report of research group on dyslexia and world illiteracy. WFN, Dallas
86. Yap R, Vanderleij A (1993) Word-processing in dyslexies - an automatic decoding deficit. Reading Writing 5: 261-27