Developmental factors as determinants of risk for infections and atopy in childhood

European Respiratory Review

Volumn 14, Issue 95, 2005, Pages 69-73

  Holt, P G ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA   (Australia)

Author keywords

Asthma; Atopy; Cytokines; Infancy; T cells

Indexed keywords

ALLERGY; ASTHMA; ATOPY; CHILD; CHILD DEVELOPMENT; CHILDHOOD DISEASE; FETUS; GENETIC RISK; GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY; GENETIC VARIABILITY; HUMAN; IMMUNE SYSTEM; IMMUNOCOMPETENCE; INFANT; INFECTION; INNATE IMMUNITY; MATURATION; NEWBORN; RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION; REVIEW; WHEEZING;

EID: 29744461672     PISSN: 09059180     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1183/09059180.05.00009505     Document Type: Review

References (44)

1. Wilson CB. Immunologic basis for increased susceptibility of the neonate to infection. J Pediatr 1986; 108: 1-12.
2. Holt PG, Rowe J. The developing immune system and allergy. In: Leung DY, Sampson HA, S GR, Szefler SJ, eds. Pediatric Allergy Principles and Practice. Mosby, St Louis, 2003; pp. 69-79.
3. Stites DP, Carr MC, Fudenberg HH. Ontogeny of cellular immunity in the human fetus. Development of responses to phytohaemagglutinin and to allogeneic cells. Cell Immunol 1974; 11: 257-271.
4. Gill TJ, Repetti CF, Metlay LA. Transplacental immunisation of the human fetus to tetanus by immunisation of the mother. J Clin Invest 1983; 72: 987-996.
5. McLeod R, Mack DG, Boyer K, et al. Phenotypes and functions of lymphocytes in congenital toxoplasmosis. J Lab Clin Med 1990; 116: 623-635.
6. Aase JM, Noren GR, Reddy DV, St Geme JW. Mumps-virus infection in pregnant women and the immunologic response of their offspring. New Eng J Med 1972; 286: 1379-1382.
7. Fievet N, Ringwald P, Bickii J. Malaria cellular immune responses in neonates from Cameroon. Parasite Immunol 1996; 18: 483-490.
8. + T cells are functionally active in newborns, produce anti-viral cytokines and display perforin-dependent cytotoxicity. J Clin Invest 2003; 111: 1747-1755.
9. Wegmann TG, Lin H, Guilbert L, Mosmann TR. Bidirectional cytokine interactions in the maternal-fetal relationshiip: is successful pregnancy a Th2 phenomenon? Immunol Today 1993; 14: 353-356.
10. Munn DH, Zhou M, Attwood JT, et al. Prevention of allogeneic fetal rejection by tryptophan catabolism. Science 1998; 281: 1191-1193.
11. Roth I, Corry DB, Locksley RM, Abrams JS, Litton MJ, Fisher SJ. Human placental cytotrophoblasts produce the immunosuppressive cytokine interleukin 10. J Exp Med 1996; 184: 539-548.
12. Guller S, LaChapelle L. The role of placental Fas ligand in maintaining immune privilege at maternal-fetal interface. Seminars in Reproductive Endocrinology 1999; 17: 39-44.
13. 2 critically depends on interleukin-2. Eur J Immunol 1995; 25: 59-63.
14. Piccinni M-P, Giudizi M-G, Biagiotti R, et al. Progesterone favours the development of human T helper cells producing Th2-type cytokines and promotes both IL-4 production and membrane CD30 expression in established Th1 cell clones. J Immunol 1995; 155: 128-133.
15. Szekeres-Bartho J, Wegmann TG. A progesterone-dependent immunomodulatory protein alters the Th1/Th2 balance. J Reprod Immunol 1996; 31: 81-95.
16. Young HA, Ghosh P, Ye J, et al. Differentiation of the T Helper phenotypes by analysis of the methylation state of the IFN-g gene. J Immunol 1994; 153: 3603-3610.
17. - T-cells. J Immunol 2002; 168: 2820-2827.
18. + T cells and early sensitization among infants at high risk of atopy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004; 113: 710-716.
19. Yachie A, Takano N, Ohta K, et al. Defective production of interleukin-6 in very small premature infants in response to bacterial pathogens. Infect Immun 1992; 60: 749-753.
20. English BK, Hammond WP, Lewis DB, Brown CB, Wilson CB. Decreased granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor production by human neonatal blood mononuclear cells and T cells. Pediatr Res 1992; 31: 211-216.
21. Uhr JW, Dancis J, Neumann CG. Delayed hypersensitivity in premature neonatal humans. Nature (Lond.) 1960; 187: 1130-1131.
22. Török C, Lundahl J, Hed J, Lagercrantz H. Diversity in regulation of adhesion molecules (Mac-1 and L-selectin) in monocytes and neutrophils from neonates and adults. Arch Dis Child 1993; 68: 561-565.
23. Liebson PJ, Hunter-Laszlo M, Douvas GS, Hayward AR. Impaired neonatal NK cell activity to herpes simplex virus. J Clin Immunol 1986; 6: 216-224.
24. Bhat AM, Scanlon JW. The pattern of eosinophilia in premature infants. J Pediatr 1981; 98: 612-616.
25. Hunt DW, Huppertz HI, Jiang HJ, Petty RE. Studies of human cord blood dendritic cells: evidence for functional immaturity. Blood 1994; 84: 4333-4343.
26. Borras FE, Matthews NC, Lowdell MW, Navarrete CV. Identification of both myeloid CD11c+ and lymphoid CD11c- dendritic cell subsets in cord blood. Br J Haematol 2001; 113: 925-931.
27. Trivedi HN, Hayglass KT, Gangur V, Allardice JG, Embree JE, Plummer FA. Analysis of neonatal T cell and antigen presenting cell functions. Hum Immunol 1997; 57: 69-79.
28. Upham JW, Lee PT, Holt BJ, et al. Development of interleukin-12-producing capacity throughout childhood. Infect Immun 2002; 70: 6583-6588.
29. Goriely S, Vincart B, Stordeur P, et al. Deficient IL-12(p35) gene expression by dendritic cells derived from neonatal monocytes. J Immunol 2001; 166: 2141-2146.
30. + B cells control the IL-12-dependent Th1-priming capacity of neonatal DCs. Immunity 2005; 22: 467-477.
31. Hassan J, Reen DJ. Human recent thymic emigrants-identification, expansion and survival characteristics. J Immunol 2001; 167: 1970-1976.
32. + T regulatory cells in human neonatal T cell responses to environmental allergens. J Immunol 2004; 173: 3084-3092.
33. Gavin MA, Bevan MJ. Increased peptide promiscuity provides a rationale for the lack of N regions in the neonatal T cell repertoire. Immunity 1995; 3: 793-800.
34. Hayward AR, Groothuis J. Development of T cells with memory phenotype in infancy. Adv Exp Med Biol 1991; 310: 71-76.
35. Rowe J, Macaubas C, Monger T, et al. Heterogeneity in diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccine-specific cellular immunity during infancy: relationship to variations in the kinetics of post-natal maturation of systemic Th1 function. J Infect Dis 2001; 184: 80-88.
36. Holt PG. Environmental factors and primary T-cell sensitisation to inhalant allergens in infancy: reappraisal of the role of infections and air pollution. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 1995; 6: 1-10.
37. Ulevitch RJ. Endotoxin opens the Tollgates to innate immunity. Nat Med 1999; 5: 144-145.
38. Culley FJ, Pollott J, Openshaw PJ. Age at first viral infection determines the pattern of T cell-mediated disease during reinfection in adulthood. J Exp Med 2002; 196: 1381-1386.
39. Holt PG, Sly PD. Interactions between RSV infection, asthma, and atopy: unraveling the complexities. J Exp Med 2002; 196: 1271-1275.
40. Holt PG, Macaubas C, Stumbles PA, Sly PD. The role of allergy in the development of asthma. Nature 1999; 402: B12-B17.
41. Copenhaver CC, Gern JE, Li Z, et al. Cytokine response patterns, exposure to viruses, and respiratory infections in the first year of life. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004; 170: 175-180.
42. Holt PG, Sly PD. Interactions between respiratory tract infections and atopy in the aetiology of asthma. Eur Respir J 2002; 19: 538-545.
43. Baldini M, Lohman IC, Halonen M, Erickson RP, Holt PG, Martinez FD. A polymorphism in the 5′ - flanking region of the CD14 gene is associated with circulating soluble CD14 levels with total serum IgE. Am J Resp Cell Mol Biol 1999; 20: 976-983.
44. Lauener RP, Birchler T, Adamski J, et al. Expression of CD14 and Toll-like receptor 2 in farmers' and non-farmers' children. Lancet 2002; 360: 465-466.