Small-scale changes of core-mantle boundary reflectivity studied using core reflected PcP

Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors

Volumn 145, Issue 1-4, 2004, Pages 19-36

  Rost, Sebastian ^a   Revenaugh, Justin ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Alaska; Core mantle boundary; PcP; Reflection coefficient; Seismic array

Indexed keywords

CORE-MANTLE BOUNDARY; P-WAVE; SEISMIC REFLECTION; TELESEISMIC WAVE;

EID: 2942733128     PISSN: 00319201     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.pepi.2004.02.008     Document Type: Article

References (86)

1. Aki, K., Richards, P.G., 1980. Quantitative Seismology, Theory and Methods, vols. I and II. Freeman, San Francisco, 932 pp.
2. Bhattacharyya J.Masters G.Shearer P.Global lateral variations of shear wave attenuation in the upper mantle J. Geophys. Res. 101 1996 22273-22289
3. Bondár I.North R.G.Beall G.Teleseismic slowness-azimuth station corrections for the International Monitoring System seismic network Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 89 1999 989-1003
4. Braginsky S.I.Dynamics of the stably stratified ocean at the top of the core Phys. Earth Planet. Int. 111 1999 21-34
5. Buchbinder G.G.R.PcP from the nuclear explosion BILBY, September 13, 1963 Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 55 1965 441-463
6. Buchbinder G.G.R.Poupinet G.Problems related to PcP and the core-mantle boundary illustrated by two nuclear events Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 63 1973 2047-2070
7. Buffett B.A.Garnero E.J.Jeanloz R.Sediments at the top of Earth's core Science 290 2000 1338-1342
8. Bullen K.E.Compressibility-pressure hypothesis and the Earth's interior Geophys. J. R. Astr. Soc. 5 1949 355-368
9. Capon J.Signal processing and frequency-wavenumber spectrum analysis for a large aperture seismic array Methods Comput. Phys. 13 1973 1-59
10. Castle J.C.van der Hilst R.D.The core-mantle boundary under the Gulf of Alaska: no ULVZ for shear waves Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 176 2000 311-321
11. Chowdury D.K.Frasier C.W.Observation of PcP and P phases at LASA at distances from 26° to 40° J. Geophys. Res. 26 1973 6021-6027
12. Christensen U.Instability of a hot boundary layer and initiation of thermo-chemical plumes Ann. Geophys. 2 1984 311-320
13. Dana S.W.The amplitudes of seismic waves reflected and refracted at the Earth's core Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 35 1945 27-35
14. Doornbos D.J.The effect of a rough core-mantle boundary on PKKP Phys. Earth Planet. Int. 21 1980 351-358
15. Dubroviskiy V.A.Pan'kov V.L.On the amplitude ratio of the PcP and P waves Izv. Earth Phys. 6 1972 81-83
16. Dziewonski A.M.Chou T.-A.Woodhouse J.HDetermination of earthquake source parameters from waveform data for studies of global and regional seismicity J. Geophys. Res. 86 1981 2825-2852
17. Dziewonski A.M.Anderson D.L.Preliminary reference Earth model Phys. Earth Planet. Int. 25 1981 297-356
18. Dziewonski A.M.Woodhouse J.H.An experiment in systematic study of global seismicity; centroid-moment tensor solutions for 201 moderate and large earthquakes of 1981 J. Geophys. Res. 88 1983 3247-3271
19. Earle P.S.Shearer P.M.Observations of PKKP precursors used to estimate small-scale topography on the core-mantle boundary Science 277 1997 667-670
20. Earle P.S.Shearer P.M.Observations of high-frequency scattered energy associated with the core phase PKKP Geophys. Res. Lett. 25 1998 405-408
21. Ekström G.Engdahl E.R.Earthquake source parameters and stress distribution in the Adak island region of the central Aleutian islands, Alaska J. Geophys. Res. 94 1989 15499-15519
22. Emmerich H.Theoretical study on the influence of CMB topography on the core reflection ScS Phys. Earth Planet. Int. 80 1993 125-134
23. Engdahl E.R.Explosion effects and earthquakes in the Amchitka island region Science 173 1971 1232-1235
24. Engdahl E.R.Johnson L.E.Differential PcP travel times and the radius of the core Geophys. J. R. Astr. Soc. 39 1974 435-456
25. Engdahl E.R.Billington S.Focal depth determination of central Aleutian earthquakes Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 76 1985 77-95
26. Engdahl E.R.Kind R.Interpretation of broad-band seismograms from central Aleutian earthquakes Ann. Geophys. B 4 1986 233-240
27. Engdahl E.R.Gubbins D.Simultaneous travel time inversion for earthquake location and subduction zone structure in the central Aleutian islands J. Geophys. Res. 92 1987 13855-13862
28. Engdahl E.R.van der Hilst R.D.Buland R.P.Global teleseismic earthquake relocation with improved travel times and procedures for depth determination Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 88 1998 722-743
29. Estabrook C.H.Weber M.Kind R.Generation of the teleseismic P-wave coda from Aleutian earthquakes Geophys. J. Int. 130 1997 349-364
30. Fisher, J.L., Wysession, M.E., Fischer, K.M., 2003. Small-scale lateral variations in D″ attenuation and velocity structure. Geophys. Res. Lett. 30 doi: 10.1029/2002GL016179
31. Frasier C.W.Chowdury D.K.Effect of scattering on PcP/P amplitude ratios at LASA from 40° to 84° distance J. Geophys. Res. 79 1974 5469-5477
32. Garnero E.J.Heterogeneity of the lowermost mantle Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 28 2000 509-537
33. Garnero E.J.Jeanloz R.Fuzzy patches on the Earth's core-mantle boundary? Geophys. Res. Lett. 27 2000 2777-2780
34. Garnero E.J.Helmberger D.V.Seismic detection of a thin lateral varying boundary layer at the base of the mantle beneath the central-Pacific Geophys. Res. Lett. 23 1996 977-980
35. Garnero E.J.Lay T.Lateral variations in lowermost mantle shear wave anisotropy beneath the north Pacific and Alaska J. Geophys. Res. 102 1997 8121-8135
36. Garnero, E.J., Revenaugh, J., Williams, Q., Lay, T., Kellogg, L.H., 1998. Ultralow velocity zones at the core-mantle boundary. In: M. Gurnis, M.E. Wysession, E. Knittle, B.A. Buffett (Eds.), The Core-Mantle Boundary. American Geophysics Union, Geodynamic Series, pp. 319-334.
37. Garnero E.J.Vidale J.E.ScP; a probe of ultralow velocity zones at the base of the mantle Geophys. Res. Lett. 26 1999 377-380
38. Gutenberg B.Über die Konstitution des Erdinnern, erschlossen aus Erdbebenbeobachtungen Phys. Zeitschr. 14 1913 1217-1218
39. Havens E.Revenaugh J.A broadband seismic study of the lowermost mantle beneath Mexico: constraints on ultralow velocity zone elasticity and density J. Geophys. Res. 106 2001 30809-30820
40. Helmberger D.V.Engen G.Grand S.Notes on wave propagation in laterally varying structure J. Geophys. 58 1985 82-91
41. Ibrahim A.K.Effects of a rigid core on the reflection and transmission coefficients from a multi-layered core-mantle boundary Pure Appl. Geophys. 91 1971a 95-113
42. Ibrahim A.K.The amplitude ratio PcP/P and the core-mantle boundary Pure Appl. Geophys. 91 1971b 114-133
43. Igel, H., Ita, J., 1997. The effects of subduction zones on teleseismic SH waves: a numerical study. In: K. Fuchs (Ed.), Upper Mantle Heterogeneities from Active and Passive Seismology. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 333-341.
44. Jeffreys H.The times of PcP and ScS Month. Not. R. Astr. Soc. 4 1939 537-547
45. Kampfmann W.Müller G.PcP amplitude calculations for a core-mantle boundary with topography Geophys. Res. Lett. 16 1989 653-656
46. Kanamori H.Spectrum of P and PcP in relation to the mantle-core boundary and attenuation in the mantle J. Geophys. Res. 72 1967a 559-573
47. Kanamori H.Spectrum of short-period core phases in relation to the attenuation in the mantle J. Geophys. Res. 72 1967b 2181-2187
48. Karato S.Spetzler H.A.Defect microdynamics in minerals and solid-state mechanisms of seismic wave attenuation and velocity dispersion in the mantle Rev. Geophys. 28 1990 399-421
49. diff phases EOS Trans. Suppl. 79 1998 220
50. diff) J. Geophys. Res. 106 2001 6569-6587
51. Kennett B.L.N.Engdahl E.R.Traveltimes for global earthquake location and phase identification Geophys. J. Int. 105 1991 429-465
52. Kendall J.-M.Silver P.G.Constraints from seismic anisotropy on the nature of the lowermost mantle Nature 381 1996 409-412
53. Kind R.The reflectivity method for different source and receiver structures and comparison with GRF data J. Geophysics 58 1985 146-152
54. Kissling E.Lahr J.C.Tomographic image of the Pacific slab under southern Alaska Eclogae geol. Helv. 84 1991 297-315
55. LaForge R.Engdahl E.R.Tectonic implications of seismicity in the Adak canyon region, central Aleutians Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 69 1979 1515-1532
56. Lay T.Helmberger D.V.A lower mantle S-wave triplication and the shear velocity structure of D″ Geophys. J. R. Astr. Soc. 75 1983 799-837
57. Manchee E.Somers H.The Yellowknife seismological array Publ. Dominian Observ. Ottawa 32 1966 69-84
58. Menke W.Few 2-50 km corrugations on the core-mantle boundary Geophys. Res. Lett. 13 1986 1501-1504
59. Müller G.The reflectivity method: a tutorial J. Geophys. 58 1985 153-174
60. Nataf H.-C.VanDecar J.Seismological detection of a mantle plume? Nature 364 1993 115-120
61. Narteau C.LeMouël J.L.Poirier J.P.Sepúlveda E.Shnirman M.On a small-scale roughness of the core-mantle boundary Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 191 2001 49-60
62. Neuberg J.Wahr J.Detailed investigation of a spot on the core-mantle boundary using digital PcP data Phys. Earth Planet. Int. 68 1991 132-143
63. Ni S.Helmberger D.V.Probing an ultra-low velocity zone at the core mantle boundary with P and S waves Geophys. Res. Lett. 28 2001 2345-2348
64. Persh S.E.Vidale J.E.Earle P.S.Absence of short-period ULVZ precursors to PcP and ScP from two regions of the CMB Geophys. Res. Lett. 28 2001 387-390
65. Revenaugh J.Meyer R.Seismic evidence of partial melt within a possibly ubiquitous low-velocity layer at the base of the mantle Science 277 1997 670-673
66. Ritsema J.van-Heijst H.-J.Woodhouse J.H.Complex shear wave velocity structure imaged beneath Africa and Iceland Science 286 1999 1925-1928
67. Romanowicz B.A global tomographic model of shear attenuation in the upper mantle J. Geophys. Res. 100 1995 12375-12394
68. Rost S.Revenaugh J.Seismic detection of rigid zones at the top of the core Science 294 2001 1911-1914
69. Rost, S., Revenaugh, J., 2003. Small-scale ultra-low velocity zone structure imaged by ScP. J. Geophys. Res. 108 (B1), doi: 10.1029/2001JB001627.
70. Schlittenhardt J.Investigation of the velocity- and Q-structure of the lowermost mantle using PcP/P amplitude ratios from arrays at distances of 70°-84° J. Geophys. 60 1986 1-18
71. Shapiro N.M.Olsen K.B.Singh S.K. Wave-guide effects in subduction zones: evidence from three-dimensional modeling Geoph. Res. Lett. 27 2000 433-436
72. Sharrock D.S.Main I.G.Douglas A.Observations of Q from the northwest Pacific subduction zone recorded at teleseismic distances Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 85 1995 237-252
73. Solomatov, V.S., Moresi, L.N., 2002. Small-scale convection in the D″ layer. J. Geophys. Res. 107 (B1), doi: 10.1029/2000JB000063.
74. Stammler K.SeismicHandler; programmable multichannel data handler for interactive and automatic processing of seismological analyses Comput. Geosci. 19 1993 135-140
75. Thomas C.Weber M.P velocity heterogeneities in the lower mantle determined with the German Regional Seismic Network: improvement of previous models and results of 2D modelling Phys. Earth Planet. Int. 101 1997 105-117
76. Tibuleac I.M.Herrin E.Lower mantle lateral heterogeneity beneath the Caribbean sea Science 285 1999 1711-1715
77. Tibuleac I.M.Nolet G.Caryl M.Koulakov I.P wave amplitudes in a 3D earth Geophys. J. Int. 155 2003 1-10
78. Vidale J.E.Benz H.M.A sharp and flat section of the core-mantle boundary Nature 359 1992 627-629
79. Weber M.Computation of body-wave seismograms in absorbing 2D media using the Gaussian beam method: comparison with exact methods Geophys. J. Int. 92 1988 9-24
80. Weber M.Subduction zones-their influence on traveltimes and amplitudes of P-waves Geophys. J. Int. 101 1990 529-544
81. Weber M.Davis J.P.Evidence of a laterally variable lower mantle structure from P- and S-waves Geophys. J. Int. 102 1990 231-255
82. Wessel P.Smith W.H.F.New version of the generic mapping tools released Trans. Am. Geophys. Union (EOS) 76 1995 329
83. Williams Q.Garnero E.J.Seismic evidence for partial melt at the base of Earth's mantle Science 273 1996 1528-1530
84. Young C.J.Lay T.Multiple phase analysis of the shear velocity structure in the D″ region beneath Alaska J. Geophys. Res. 95 1990 17385-17402
85. Zhao D.Christensen D.Pulpan H.Tomographic imaging of the Alaskan subduction zone J. Geophys. Res. 100 1995 6487-6504
86. Zhao D.Seismic structure and origin of hotspots and mantle plumes Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 192 2001 251-265