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1
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0345717796
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note
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We use the notation "deg." for epicentral distance units and the degree sign (°) for degrees of azimuth or angle of incidence. One deg. is equivalent to ∼111.2 km.
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2
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0345286126
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note
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A seismic array is a set of sensors (seismometers) distributed over an area of Earth's surface at spacing narrow enough so that the signal may be correlated across the array (3). The data used in our analysis and further information about the arrays are available at http://www.pidc.org/dataprodbox/prod.html
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4
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0003885827
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Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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B. L. N. Kennett, Ed., IASPEI 1991 Seismotogical Tables (Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia, 1991). IASPEI is the International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth's Interior.
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(1991)
IASPEI 1991 Seismotogical Tables
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Kennett, B.L.N.1
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5
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0345286123
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C. Powell, Nature, 254, 40 (1973).
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(1973)
Nature
, vol.254
, pp. 40
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Powell, C.1
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9
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0344854820
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note
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A residual is the difference between the observed value and the value predicted by the standard Earth model.
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10
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0344423126
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note
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The seismogram is digitized at discrete time points. The number of points equally spaced in time recorded in a second is the sampling rate. Estimates of the horizontal velocity across the array are obtained either from the best beam with the f-k method (3) or from the relative time delays between the arrivals at the array stations with the cross correlation method. More data samples (higher sample rate) mean better constrained waveform shape, that is, better constrained relative time delays (or beams) and enhanced capability of the array to estimate high values of the horizontal phase velocity. Data processing at TXAR (11) includes Fourier interpolation up to 320 samples per second.
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11
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0030832049
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I. Tibuleac and E. Herrin, Seism. Res. Lett. 68, 353 (1997). The M discontinuity beneath TXAR was determined to the first order to strike along an azimuth of 109° (NW-SE) and dip 11° to the northeast. The rays coming along the strike have maximum azimuth residual and minimum slowness residual.
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(1997)
Seism. Res. Lett.
, vol.68
, pp. 353
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Tibuleac, I.1
Herrin, E.2
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12
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0345286122
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note
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Data from TXAR were obtained from Southern Methodist University Geophysics Laboratory archives and reprocessed for all events. Estimates for YKA are from the Reviewed Event Bulletins of the PIDC (2).
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13
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0345286121
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note
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The standard error of the mean (referred to here as the standard error) is the ratio of the sample standard deviation and the square root of the number of events.
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15
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0344854819
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note
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The location and depth range of events are as follows: Dominican Republic region, 0 to 160 km; Leeward Islands, 0 to 230 km; Windward Islands, 0 to 260 km; Venezuela, 0 to 180 km; near coast of Venezuela, 0 to 180 km; and Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 0 to 40 km.
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27
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0344423123
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note
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We thank S. Grand for fruitful discussions and B. Stump, D. Blackwell, J. Bonner, C. Hayward, M. Sorrells, and R. Gregory for helpful comments and review of the manuscript. Supported by grant 01-97-1-0024 from the Defense Special Weapons Agency.
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