Pneumothorax in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: Pathophysiology, detection, and treatment

Journal of Intensive Care Medicine

Volumn 18, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 9-20

  Woodside, Kenneth J ^a   VanSonnenberg, Eric ^b,d   Chon, Kenneth S ^b   Loran, David B ^a   Tocino, Irena M ^c   Zwischenberger, Joseph B ^a  

^a University of Texas Medical Branch School of Medicine   (United States)

^b BRIGHAM AND WOMEN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^c YALE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^d DANA FARBER CANCER INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

Adult respiratory distress syndrome; Interventional radiology; Pneumothorax; Pneumothorax drainage; Radiologic catheters; Thoracostomy

Indexed keywords

ADULT RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME; ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION; CATHETERIZATION; HUMAN; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; PATHOGENESIS; PNEUMOTHORAX; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; THORACOTOMY; THORAX DRAINAGE; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; CRITICAL ILLNESS; DISEASE COURSE; EMERGENCY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; HEMODYNAMICS; INTENSIVE CARE; INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY; METHODOLOGY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; THORAX RADIOGRAPHY; TUBE;

CAUSALITY; CHEST TUBES; CRITICAL CARE; CRITICAL ILLNESS; DISEASE PROGRESSION; EMERGENCIES; HEMODYNAMIC PROCESSES; HUMANS; PNEUMOTHORAX; RADIOGRAPHY, INTERVENTIONAL; RADIOGRAPHY, THORACIC; RESPIRATION, ARTIFICIAL; RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME, ADULT; THORACOSTOMY; THORACOTOMY; TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED;

EID: 2942670319     PISSN: 08850666     EISSN: 15251489     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0885066602239120     Document Type: Review

References (94)

1. Pierson DJ. Complications associated with mechanical ventilation. Crit Care Clin. 1990;6:711-724.
2. Petersen GW, Baier H. Incidence of pulmonary barotrauma in a medical ICU. Crit Care Med. 1983;11:67-69.
3. Gammon RB, Shin MS, Buchalter SE. Pulmonary barotrauma in mechanical ventilation: patterns and risk factors. Chest. 1992;102:568-572.
4. Gattinoni L, Bombino M, Pelosi P, et al. Lung structure and function in different stages of severe adult respiratory distress syndrome. JAMA. 1994;271:1772-1779.
5. Jantz MA, Pierson DJ. Pneumothorax and barotrauma. Clin Chest Med. 1994;15:75-91.
6. Schnapp LM, Chin DP, Szaflarski N, Matthay MA. Frequency and importance of barotrauma in 100 patients with acute lung injury. Crit Care Med. 1995;23:272-278.
7. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network. Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:1301-1308.
8. Parker JC, Hernandez LA, Peevy KJ. Mechanisms of ventilator-induced lung injury. Crit Care Med. 1993;21:131-143.
9. Macklin CC. Transport of air along sheaths of pulmonic blood vessels from alveoli to mediastinum: clinical implications. Arch Intern Med. 1939;64:913-926.
10. Macklin MT, Macklin CC. Malignant interstitial emphysema of the lungs and mediastinum as an important occult complication in many respiratory diseases and other conditions: an interpretation of the clinical literature in the light of laboratory experiment. Medicine. 1944;23:281-358.
11. Fleming WH, Bowen JC. Early complications of long-term respiratory support. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1972;64:729-738.
12. Maunder RJ, Pierson DJ, Hudson LD. Subcutaneous and mediastinal emphysema: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management. Arch Intern Med. 1984;144:1447-1453.
13. Albelda SM, Gefter WB, Kelley MA, Epstein DM, Miller WT. Ventilator-induced subpleural air cysts: clinical, radiographic, and pathologic significance. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1983;127:360-365.
14. Pierson DJ. Alveolar rupture during mechanical ventilation: role of PEEP, peak airway pressure, and distending volume. Respir Care. 1988;33:472-486.
15. Woodring JH. Pulmonary interstitial emphysema in the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care Med. 1985;13:786-791.
16. Haake R, Schlichtig R, Ulstad DR, Henschen RR. Barotrauma: pathophysiology, risk factors, and prevention. Chest. 1987;91:608-613.
17. Dreyfuss D, Saumon G. Ventilator-induced lung injury: lessons from experimental studies. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998;157:294-323.
18. Dreyfuss D, Soler P, Basset G, Saumon G. High inflation pressure pulmonary edema: respective effects of high airway pressure, high tidal volume, and positive end-expiratory pressure. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1988;137:1159-1164.
19. Dreyfuss D, Saumon G. Barotrauma is volutrauma, but which volume is the one responsible? Intensive Care Med. 1992;18:139-141.
20. Morris AH. Adult respiratory distress syndrome and new modes of mechanical ventilation: reducing the complications of high volume and high pressure. New Horiz. 1994;2:19-33.
21. Gammon RB, Shin MS, Groves RH Jr, Hardin JM, Hsu C, Buchalter SE. Clinical risk factors for pulmonary barotrauma: a multivariate analysis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995;152:1235-1240.
22. Maunder RJ, Shuman WP, McHugh JW, Marglin SI, Butler J. Preservation of normal lung regions in the adult respiratory distress syndrome: analysis by computed tomography. JAMA. 1986;255:2463-2465.
23. Gattinoni L, Pesenti A, Avalli, Rossi F, Bombino M. Pressure-volume curve of total respiratory system in acute respiratory failure: computed tomographic scan study. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1987;136:730-736.
24. Gattinoni L, Mascheroni D, Torresin A, et al. Morphological response to positive end expiratory pressure in acute respiratory failure: computerized tomography study. Intensive Care Med. 1986;12:137-142.
25. Gattinoni L, Pesenti A, Bombino M, et al. Relationships between lung computed tomographic density, gas exchange, and PEEP in acute respiratory failure. Anesthesiology. 1988;69:824-832.
26. Tsuno K, Prato P, Kolobow R. Acute lung injury from mechanical ventilation at moderately high airway pressures. J Appl Physiol. 1990;69:956-961.
27. Rohlfing BM, Webb WR, Schlobohm M. Ventilator-related extra-alveolar air in adults. Radiology. 1976;121:25-31.
28. Mathru M, Rao TL, Venus B. Ventilator-induced barotrauma in controlled mechanical ventilation versus intermittent mandatory ventilation. Crit Care Med. 1983;11:359-361.
29. Carlon GC, Howland WS, Ray C, Miodownik S, Griffin JP, Groeger JS. High-frequency jet ventilation: a prospective randomized evaluation. Chest. 1983;84:551-559.
30. Hillman K. Pulmonary barotrauma. Clin Anesth. 1985;3:877-898.
31. Reines HD. Manifestations of barotrauma in acute respiratory failure. Am Surg. 1981;47:421-425.
32. Hickling KG, Henderson SJ, Jackson R. Low mortality associated with low volume pressure limited ventilation with permissive hypercapnia in severe adult respiratory distress syndrome. Intensive Care Med. 1990;16:372-377.
33. Amato MB, Barbas CS, Medeiros DM, et al. Effect of a protective- ventilation strategy on mortality in the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1998;338:347-354.
34. Stewart TE, Meade MO, Cook DJ, et al. Evaluation of a ventilation strategy to prevent barotrauma in patients at high risk for acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1998;338:355-361.
35. Lee WL, Slutsky AS. Ventilator-induced lung injury and recommendations for mechanical ventilation of patients with ARDS. Sem Resp Crit Care Med. 2001;22:269-280.
36. Slutsky AS. Mechanical ventilation. Chest. 1993;104:1833-1859.
37. Bidani A, Tzouanakis AE, Cardenas VJ Jr, Zwischenberger JB. Permissive hypercapnia in acute respiratory failure. JAMA. 1994;272:957-962.
38. Brower RG, Shanholtz CB, Fessler HE, et al. Prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial comparing traditional versus reduced tidal volume ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome patients. Crit Care Med. 1999;27:1492-1498.
39. Brochard L, Roudot-Thoraval F, Roupie E, et al. Tidal volume reduction for prevention of ventilator-induced lung injury in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998;158:1831-1838.
40. Laffey JG, Kavanagh BP. Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury. N Engl J Med. 2000;343:812-814.
41. Stoller JK, Kacmarek RM. Ventilatory strategies in the management of the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Clin Chest Med. 1990;11:755-772.
42. Gluck E, Heard S, Patel C, et al. Use of ultrahigh frequency ventilation in patients with ARDS: a preliminary report. Chest. 1993;103:1413-1420.
43. Peruzzi WT, Franklin ML, Shapiro BA. New concepts and therapies of adult respiratory distress syndrome. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 1997;11:771-786.
44. Alpard SK, Zwischenberger JB. Adult extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe respiratory failure. Perfusion. 1998;13:3-15.
45. Brunet F, Mira JP, Belghith M, et al. Extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal technique improves oxygenation without causing overinflation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994;149:1557-1562.
46. 2 removal for severe respiratory failure. Ann Thorac Surg. 1999;68:181-187.
47. Zwischenberger JB, Alpard SK, Tao W, Deyo DJ, Bidani A. Percutaneous extracorporeal arteriovenous carbon dioxide removal improves survival in respiratory distress syndrome: a prospective randomized outcomes study in adult sheep. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2001;121:542-551.
48. Rhea JT, vanSonnenberg E, McLoud T. Basilar pneumothorax in the supine adult. Radiology. 1979;133:593.
49. Gobien RP, Reines HD, Schabel SI. Localized tension pneumothorax: unrecognized form of barotrauma in adult respiratory distress syndrome. Radiology. 1982;142:15-19.
50. Deb B, Pearl RG. Mechanical ventilation and adjuncts in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Int Anesthesiol Clin. 1997;35:109-124.
51. Marcy TW. Barotrauma: detection, recognition, and management. Chest. 1993;104:578-584.
52. Tocino IM. Pneumothorax in the supine patient: radiographic anatomy. Radiographics. 1985;5:557-586.
53. Ross IB, Fleiszer DM, Brown RA. Localized tension pneumothorax in patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome. Can J Surg. 1994;37:415-419.
54. Powers WF, Clemens JD. Prognostic implications of age at detection of air leak in very low birth weight infants requiring ventilatory support. J Pediatr. 1993;123:611-617.
55. Yuksel B, Greenough A. Persistence of respiratory symptoms into the 2nd year of life-predictive factors in infants born preterm. Acta Paediatr. 1992;81:832-835.
56. Rubaltelli FF, Dani C, Reali MF, et al. Acute neonatal respiratory distress in Italy: a one-year prospective study. Acta Paediatr. 1998;87:1261-1268.
57. Hudak ML, Farrell EE, Rosenberg AA, et al. A multicenter randomized, masked comparison trial of natural versus synthetic surfactant for the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome. J Pediatr. 1996;128:396-406.
58. Kinsella JP, Truog WE, Walsh WF, et al. Randomized, multicenter trial of inhaled nitric oxide and high-frequency oscillatory ventilation in severe, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. J Pediatr. 1997;131:55-62.
59. Zwischenberger JB, Bowers RM, Pickens GJ. Tension pneumothorax during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Ann Thorac Surg. 1989;47:868-871.
60. Zwischenberger JB, Cilley RE, Hirschl RB, Heiss KF, Conti VR, Bartlett RH. Life-threatening intrathoracic complications during treatment with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. J Pediatr Surg. 1988;23:599-604.
61. Weg JG, Anzueto A, Balk RA, et al. The relation of pneumothorax and other air leaks to mortality in the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1998;338:341-346.
62. Hudson LD. Protective ventilation for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1998;338:385-387.
63. Tagliabue M, Casella TC, Zincone GE, Fumagalli R, Salvini E. CT and chest radiography in the evaluation of adult respiratory distress syndrome. Acta Radiol. 1994;35:230-234.
64. Chon KS, vanSonnenberg E, D'Agostino HB, O'Laoide RM, Colt HG, Hart E. CT-guided catheter drainage of loculated thoracic air collections in mechanically ventilated patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Roentgenol. 1999;173:1345-1350.
65. Buckner CB, Harmon BH, Pallin JS. The radiology of abnormal intrathoracic air. Curr Problems Diagn Radiol. 1988;17:37-71.
66. Chiles C, Ravin CE. Radiographic recognition of pneumothorax in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Med. 1986;14:677-680.
67. Tocino IM, Miller MH, Fairfax WR. Distribution of pneumothorax in the supine and semirecumbent critically ill adult. Am J Roentgenol. 1985;144:901-905.
68. Boland GW, Lee MJ, Sutcliffe NP, Mueller PR. Loculated pneumothoraces in patients with acute respiratory disease treated with mechanical ventilation: preliminary observations after image-guided drainage. J Vasc Intervent Radiol. 1996;7:247-252.
69. Heffner JE, McDonald J, Barbieri C. Recurrent pneumothoraces in ventilated patients despite ipsilateral chest tubes. Chest. 1995;108:1053-1058.
70. Gilbert TB, McGrath BJ, Soberman M. Chest tubes: indications, placement, management, and complications. J Intensive Care Med. 1993;8:73-86.
71. Marcy TW, Marini JJ. Respiratory distress in the ventilated patient. Clin Chest Med. 1994;15:55-73.
72. Wagner PK, Knoch M, Sangmeister C, Muller E, Lennartz H, Rothmund M. Extracorporeal gas exchange in adult respiratory distress syndrome: associated morbidity and its surgical treatment. Br J Surg. 1990;77:1395-1398.
73. Gammie JS, Banks MC, Fuhrman CR, et al. The pigtail catheter for pleural drainage: a less invasive alternative to tube thoracostomy. J Soc Laparoendosc Surg. 1999;3:57-61.
74. vanSonnenberg E, Casola G, D'Agostino HB, Goodacre B, Sanchez R. Interventional radiology in the chest. Chest. 1992;102:608-612.
75. Baumann MH, Strange C, Heffner JE, et al. Management of spontaneous pneumothorax: an American College of Chest Physicians Delphi consensus Statement. Chest. 2001;119:590-602.
76. Cerfolio RJ, Tummala RP, Holman WL, et al. A prospective algorithm for the management of air leaks after pulmonary resection. Ann Thorac Surg. 1998;66:1726-1731.
77. McKenna RJ Jr, Fischel RJ, Brenner M, Gelb AF. Use of the Heimlich valve to shorten hospital stay after lung reduction surgery for emphysema. Ann Thorac Surg. 1996;61:1115-1117.
78. Gardner D, vanSonnenberg E, D'Agostino HB, Casola G, Taggart S, May S. CT-guided transthoracic needle biopsy. Cardiovasc Radiol. 1991;14:17-23.
79. Quinn SF, Demlow TA. Large-caliber (24-28-F) catheters for radiologically guided percutaneous procedures. Radiology. 1993;189:922-923.
80. vanSonnenberg E, Nakamoto SK, Mueller PR, et al. CT- and ultrasound-guided catheter drainage of empyemas after chest-tube failure. Radiology. 1984;151:349-353.
81. vanSonnenberg E, Wittich GR, Goodacre BW, Zwischenberger JB. Percutaneous drainage of thoracic collections. J Thorac Imaging. 1998;13:74-82.
82. Mueller PR, vanSonnenberg E. Interventional radiology in the chest and abdomen. N Engl J Med. 1990;322:1364-1374.
83. Klein JS, Schultz S, Heffner JE. Interventional radiology of the chest: image-guided percutaneous drainage of pleural effusions, lung abscess, and pneumothorax. Am J Roentgenol. 1995;164:581-588.
84. Boland GW, Lee MJ, Silverman S, Mueller PR. Interventional radiology of the pleural space. Clin Radiol. 1995;50:205-214.
85. Chee CB, Abisheganaden J, Yeo JK, et al. Persistent air-leak in spontaneous pneumothorax3/4clinical course and outcome. Respir Med. 1998;92:757-761.
86. Mathur R, Cullen J, Kinnear WJ, Johnston ID. Time course of resolution of persistent air leak in spontaneous pneumothorax. Respir Med. 1995;89:129-132.
87. Loran DB, Woodside KJ, Cerfolio RJ, Zwischenberger JB. Predictors of alveolar air leaks. Chest Surg Clin N Am. 2002;12:477-488.
88. Almassi GH, Haasler GB. Chemical pleurodesis in the presence of persistent air leak. Ann Thorac Surg. 1989;47:786-787.
89. Dumire R, Crabbe MM, Mappin FG, Fontenelle LJ. Autologous "blood patch" pleurodesis for persistent pulmonary air leak. Chest. 1992;101:64-66.
90. Kinoshita T, Miyoshi S, Katoh M, et al. Intrapleural administration of a large amount of diluted fibrin glue for intractable pneumothorax. Chest. 2000;117:790-795.
91. deCampos JR, Vargas FS, deCampos Werebe E, et al. Thoracoscopy talc poudrage: a 15-year experience. Chest. 2001;119:801-806.
92. Light RW. Diseases of the pleura: the use of talc for pleurodesis. Curr Opin Pulmonary Med. 2000;6:255-258.
93. Cardillo G, Facciolo F, Giunti R, et al. Videothoracoscopic treatment of primary spontaneous pneumothorax: a 6-year experience. Ann Thorac Surg. 2000;69:357-362.
94. Weeden D, Smith GH. Surgical experience in the management of spontaneous pneumothorax, 1972-82. Thorax. 1983;38:737-743.