A framework for evaluating safety-net and other community-level factors on access for low-income populations

Inquiry

Volumn 41, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 21-38

  Davidson, Pamela L ^a   Andersen, Ronald M ^a   Wyn, Roberta ^b   Brown, E Richard ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMBULATORY CARE; HEALTH CARE; HEALTH CARE ACCESS; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HEALTH CARE UTILIZATION; HEALTH ECONOMICS; HEALTH INSURANCE; LOWEST INCOME GROUP; REVIEW;

EID: 2942545686     PISSN: 00469580     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5034/inquiryjrnl_41.1.21     Document Type: Review

References (111)

1. Adams, E.K., and J.M. Bronstein. 1999. Medicaid Managed Care: Are Rates Sufficient For Serving These Economically Disadvantaged Populations? Abstract Book, Association for Health Services Research 16: 246-247.
2. Aday, L.A., and R.M. Andersen. 1974. A Framework for the Study of Access to Medical Care. Health Services Research 9: 208-220.
3. Aday, L.A., R.M. Andersen, and G.V. Fleming. 1980. Health Care in the U.S.: Equitable for Whom? Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage.
4. Aday, L.A., R.M. Andersen, S.S. Loevy, and B. Kremer. 1985. Hospital-Physician Sponsored Primary Care: Marketing and Impact. Chicago: Health Administration Press.
5. Andersen, R.M. 1968. A Behavioral Model of Families' Use of Health Services. Research Series No. 25. Chicago: Center for Health Administration Studies, University of Chicago.
6. -. 1995. Revisiting the Behavioral Model and Access to Medical Care: Does it Matter? Journal of Health and Social Behavior 36:1-10.
7. Andersen, R.M., J. Kravitis, and O. Anderson, eds. 1975. Equity in Health Services: Empirical Analyses in Social Policy. Boston: Ballinger Publishing Company.
8. Andersen, R.M., and P.L. Davidson. 2001. Improving Access to Care in America: Individual and Contextual Indicators. In Changing the U.S. Health Care System: Key Issues in Health Services, Policy, and Management, R. Andersen, T. Rice and J. Kominski, eds. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
9. Andersen, R.M., and J. F. Newman. 1973. Societal and Individual Determinants in the U.S. Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly Journal 51: 95-124.
10. Andersen, R.M., H. Yu, R. Wyn, P.L. Davidson, E.R. Brown, and S. Teleki. 2002. Access to Medical Care for Low Income Families: How do Communities Make a Difference? Medical Care Research and Review 59(4): 384-411.
11. Baxter, R., and R. Feldman. 1999. Staying in the Game: Health System Change Challenges Care for the Poor. Research Report. Washington, D.C.: Center for Studying Health System Change.
12. Baxter, R.J., and R.E. Mechanic. 1997. The Status of Local Health Care Safety Nets. Health Affairs 16(4): 7-23.
13. Becker, M.H., and L.A. Maiman. 1983. Models of Health Related Behavior. In Handbook of Health, Health Care, and the Professions, D. Mechanic, ed. New York: The Free Press.
14. Bierman, A.S., C. Steiner, B. Friedman, C.M. Fillmore, and C.M. Clancy. 1999. Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions: A Viable Indicator of Access to Quality Primary Care? Abstract Book, Association of Health Services Research 16: 138-139.
15. Billings, J., G.M. Anderson, and L.S. Newman. 1996. Recent Findings on Preventable Hospitalizations. Health Affairs 15(3): 239-249.
16. Billings, J., L. Zeitel, J. Lukomnik, T.S. Carey, A.E. Blank, and L. Newman. 1993. Impact of Socio-economic Status on Hospital Use in New York City. Health Affairs 12(1): 162-173.
17. Bindman, A.B., K. Grumbach, D. Osmond, M. Komaromy, K. Vranizan, N. Lurie, J. Billings, and A. Stewart. 1995. Preventable Hospitalizations and Access to Health Care. Journal of the American Medical Association 274(4): 305-311.
18. Bindman, A.B., K. Grumbach, S. Bernheim, K. Vranizan, and M. Cousineau. 2000. Medicaid Managed Care's Impact on Safety-Net Clinics in California. Health Affairs 19(1): 194-202.
19. Bronstein, J.M., and E.K. Adams. 1999. Geographic Variation in Health Risks, Resource Use and Expenditures Within State Medicaid Programs: Implications for Setting Capitation Rates. Abstract Book, Association for Health Services Research 16: 140-141.
20. Brown, E.R., P.L. Davidson, H. Yu, R. Wyn, R. Andersen, L. Becerra, and N. Razack. 2004. Effects of Community Factors on Access to Ambulatory Care for Lower-Income Adults in Large Urban Communities. Inquiry 41(1): 39-56.
21. Brown, E.R., R. Wyn, and S. Teleki. 2000. Disparities in Health Insurance and Access to Care for Residents Across the U.S. Cities. Los Angeles: The Commonwealth Fund and UCLA Center for Health Policy Research.
22. Brown, E.R., and G. Dallek. 1990. State Approaches to Financing of Health Care for the Poor. Annual Review of Public Health 11: 377-400.
23. Brown J.A., S.E. Nederend, R.D. Hays, P.F. Short, and D.O. Farley. 1999. Special Issues in Assessing Care of Medicaid Recipients. Medical Care 37(3 Suppl): MS79-88.
24. Bureau of Primary Health Care. 1999. Uniform Data System Manual. Bethesda, Md.: Bureau of Primary Health Care.
25. Cantor, J.C., S.H. Long, and M.S. Marquis. 1998. Challenges of State Health Reform: Variations in Ten States. Health Affairs 17(1): 191-200.
26. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). 2000. www.cms.gov. Accessed November 30.
27. Center for Studying Health System Change. 1998. Growth of Medicaid-Dominated HMOs. Data Bulletin. Washington, D.C.: Center for Studying Health System Change.
28. -. 1999. Managed Care Cost Pressures Threaten Access for the Uninsured. Policy Brief. Washington, D.C.: Center for Studying Health System Change.
29. Cohen, J.W. 1993. Medicaid Physician Fees and Use of Physician and Hospital Services. Inquiry 30(3): 281-292.
30. Coughlin, T.A., and D. Liska. 1998. Changing State and Federal Payment Policies for Medicaid Disproportionate-Share Hospitals. Health Affairs 17(3): 118-136.
31. Coughlin, T.A., L. Ku, and J. Kim. 2000. Reforming the Medicaid Disproportionate Share Hospital Program. Health Care Financing Review 22(2): 137-157.
32. Cunningham, P.J. 1999. Pressures on Safety Net Access: The Level of Managed Care Penetration and Uninsurance Rate in a Community. Health Services Research 34(1 Pt 2): 255-270.
33. Cunningham, P.J., J.M. Grossman, R.F. St. Peter, and C.S. Lesser. 1999. Managed Care and Physicians' Provision of Charity Care. Journal of the American Medical Association 281(12): 1087-1092.
34. Cunningham, P.J., and P. Kemper. 1998. Ability to Obtain Medical Care for the Uninsured: How Much Does It Vary Across Communities. Journal of the American Medical Association 280(10): 921-927.
35. Cunningham, P.J., and H.T. Tu. 1997. A Changing Picture of Uncompensated Care. Health Affairs 16(4): 167-175.
36. Davidoff, A.J., A.T. LoSasso, G.J. Bazzoli, and S. Zuckerman. 2000. The Effect of Changing State Health Policy on Hospital Uncompensated Care. Inquiry 37:253-267.
37. Davidson, P.L. 2002. A Framework for Evaluating and Continuously Improving Safety Net Performance through Leadership and Management Development. In J&J/UCLA Health Care Executive Program-Evaluation, by P. L. Davidson and D. Otto. Technical report to the J&J/HRSA/UCLA Advisory Board, October.
38. Davis, K. 1996. Medicaid: The Health Care Safety Net for the Nation's Poor. Testimony before the Committee on Finance, U.S. Senate, Hearing on Welfare and Medicaid Reform, June. New York: The Commonwealth Fund.
39. Davis, K., K.S. Collins, and A. Hall. 1999. Community Health Centers in a Changing U.S. Health Care System. Policy Brief. New York: The Commonwealth Fund.
40. Dunn, D.L., and M. Chen. 1994. Uncompensated Hospital Care Payment and Access for the Uninsured: Evidence from New Jersey. Health Services Research 29(1): 113-130.
41. Ellwood, M.R., and L. Ku. 1998. Welfare and Immigration Reforms: Unintended Side Effects for Medicaid. Health Affairs 17(3): 137-151.
42. Fagnani, L., and J. Tolbert. 1999. The Dependence of Safety Net Hospitals and Health Systems on the Medicare and Medicaid Disproportionate Share Hospital Payment Programs. New York: The Commonwealth Fund.
43. Felland, L.E., and C.S. Lesser. 2000. Local Innovations Provide Managed Care for the Uninsured. Issue Brief. Washington, D.C.: Center for Studying Health System Change.
44. Finance Working Group. 2001. The Lewin Report on Medicaid Payments to Hospitals and Related Issues. Available at: http://www.state.ma.us/healthcare/pages/pdf/Lewreport.pdf
45. Fishman, L., and J.D. Bentley. 1997. The Evolution of Support for Safety Net Hospitals. Health Affairs 16(4): 30-47.
46. Forrest, C.B., and E.M. Whelan. 2000. Primary Care Safety-Net Delivery Sites in the United States: A Comparison of Community Health Centers, Hospital Outpatient Departments, and Physician Offices. Journal of the American Medical Association 284(16): 2077-2083.
47. Friedman, B., J. Jee, C. Steiner, and A. Bierman. 1999. Tracking the State Children's Health Insurance Program with Hospital Data: National Baselines, State Variations, and Some Cautions. Medical Care Research and Review 56(4): 440-455.
48. Gaskin, D.J. 1997. The Impact of Health Maintenance Organization Penetration on the Use of Hospitals that Serve Minority Communities. Medical Care 35(12): 1190-1203.
49. -. 1998. Are Safety Net Hospitals Losing the Competition for Low Risk Medicaid Patients? Abstract Book, Association of Health Services Research 15(5).
50. -. 1999. Safety Net Hospitals: Essential Provider of Public Health and Specialty Services. New York: Commonwealth Fund.
51. Gaskin, D.J., and J. Hadley. 1997. Identify Urban Safety Net Hospitals and the Populations They Serve. Presented at the Association of Health Services Research Annual Meeting, June 15-17, Chicago.
52. Gaskin, D.J., and C. Hoffman. 2000. Racial and Ethnic Differences in Preventable Hospitalizations Across 10 States. Medical Care Research and Review 57(Supp 1): 85-107.
53. Gold, M., M. Sparer, and K. Chu. 1996. Medicaid Managed Care: Lessons for Five States. Health Affairs 15(3): 153-166.
54. Gray, B.H., and C. Rowe. 2000. Safety-Net Health Plans: A Status Report. Health Affairs 19(1): 185-193.
55. Grumbach, K., K. Vranizan, and A.B. Bindman. 1997. Physician Supply and Access to Care in Urban Communities. Health Affairs 16(1): 71-86.
56. Guendelman, S. 1991. Health Care Users Residing on the Mexican Border: What Factors Determine Choice of the U.S. or Mexican Health System? Medical Care 29: 419-429.
57. Hendryx, M.S., M.M. Ahem, N.P. Lovrich, and A.H. McCurdy, 2002. Access to Health Care and Community Social Capital. Health Services Research 37(1): 87-103.
58. Holahan, J., and D. Liska. 1997a. The Slowdown in Medicaid Spending Growth: Will it Continue? Health Affairs 16(2): 157-163.
59. -. 1997b. Variations in Medicaid Spending among States. Assessing the New Federalism Project, Policy Brief. Washington, D.C.: The Urban Institute.
60. Holahan, J., J. Weiner, and S. Wallin. 1998a. Health Policy for the Low-Income Population: Major Findings from the Assessing the New Federalism Case Studies. Occasional Paper Number 18. Washington, DC: The Urban Institute.
61. -. 1998b. State Case Studies on Competition and Its Effect on the Poor. Policy Brief. Washington, D.C.: The Urban Institute.
62. Holahan, J., S. Rangarajan, and M. Schirmer. 1999. Medicaid Managed Care Payment Rates in 1998. Health Affairs 18(3): 217-226.
63. Holahan, J. and S. Suzuki. 2003. Medicaid Managed Care Payment Methods and Capitation Rates in 2001. Health Affairs 22(1): 204-218.
64. Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA). 2002. HHS Continues to Strengthen Health Care Safety-Net By Awarding $13 Million to Create and Expand Health Centers. HHS News Release, December 9, 2002. Available at: http://www.hhs.gov/news/press/2002pres/20021209.html
65. Hulka, B.S., and J.R. Wheat. 1985. Patterns of Utilization: The Patient Perspective. Medical Care 23: 438-460.
66. Institute of Medicine, (IOM). 1993. Committee on Monitoring Access to Personal Health Care Services. Access to Health Care in America. M. Millman, ed. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
67. -. 2000. Committee on the Changing Market, Managed Care, and the Future Viability of Safety-Net Providers. America's Health Care Safety Net, Intact but Endangered. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
68. Interstudy. 1998. Competitive Edge 8.2, Part III: Regional Market Analysis. Bloomington, Minn.: Interstudy Publications.
69. Kasper, J.D., T.A. Giovannini, and C. Hoffman. 2000. Gaining and Losing Health Insurance: Strengthening the Evidence for Effects on Access to Care and Health Outcomes. Medical Care Research and Review 57(3): 298-318.
70. Katz, A., and J. Thompson. 1996. The Role of Public Policy in Health Care Market Change. Health Affairs 15(2): 77-91.
71. Laditka, S.B., and J.M. Johnston. 1999. Preventable Hospitalization and Avoidable Maternity Outcomes: Implications for Access to Health Services for Medicaid Recipients. Journal of Health and Social Policy 11(2): 41-56.
72. Laditka, S.B., and J.N. Laditka. 1999. Geographic Variation in Preventable Hospitalization of Older Women and Men: Implications for Access to Primary Health Care. Journal of Women and Aging 11(4): 43-56.
73. Lave, J.R., C.R. Keane, C.J. Lin, E.M. Ricci, G. Amersbach, and C.P. LaVallee. 1998. Impact of a Children's Health Insurance Program on Newly Enrolled Children. Journal of the American Medical Association 279(22): 1820-1825.
74. Lefkowitz, B., and J. Todd. 1999. An Overview: Health Centers at the Crossroads. Journal of Ambulatory Care Management, 22(4): 1-12.
75. Leigh, W.A., M. Lillie-Blanton, R.M. Martinez, and K.S. Collins. 1999. Managed Care in Three States: Experiences of Low-Income African Americans and Hispanics. Inquiry 36:318-331.
76. Lillie-Blanton, M., and D. Rowland. 1996. Medicaid's Role in the Health Care Safety Net. AHSR and FHSR Annual Meeting Abstract Book 13: 40-41.
77. Lillie-Blanton, M., and B. Lyons. 1998. Managed Care and Low-Income Populations: Recent State Experiences. Health Affairs 17(3): 238-247.
78. Lipson, D.J., and N. Naierman. 1996. Effects of Health System Changes on Safety-Net Providers. Health Affairs 15(2): 33-48.
79. Long, S.H., and M.S. Marquis. 1999. Geographic Variation in Physician Visits for Uninsured Children: The Role of the Safety Net. Journal of the American Medical Association 281(21): 2035-2040.
80. Marsteller, J.A., L.M. Nichols, A. Badawi, B. Kessler, S. Zuckerman, and S. Rajan. 1998. Variations in the Uninsured: State and County Level Analyses. Washington, D.C.: The Urban Institute.
81. Manning, W.G., J.P. Newhouse, N. Duan, A. Leibowitz, and S. Marquis. 1987. Health Insurance and the Demand for Medical Care. American Economic Review 77: 251-277.
82. Martinez, R.M., and E. Closter. 1998. Public Health Departments Adapt to Medicaid Managed Care. Issue Brief. Washington, D.C.: Center for Studying Health System Change.
83. McCue, M.J. 2002. The Impact of the Balanced Budget Act on the Utilization and Financial Condition of Children's Services in California Hospitals. Hospital Topics 80(4): 23-29.
84. McCue, M.J., R.E. Hurley, D.A. Draper, and M. Jurgensen. 1999. Reversal of Fortune: Commercial HMOs in the Medicaid Market. Health Affairs (18)1: 223-230.
85. Mechanic, D. 1979. Correlates of Physician Utilization: Why do Multivariate Studies of Physician Utilization find Trivial Psychosocial and Organizational Effects? Journal of Health and Social Behavior 20: 387-396.
86. Meyer, J.A., M.W. Legnini, E.K. Fatula, and L.S. Stepnick. 1999. The Role of Local Governments in Financing Safety Net Hospitals: Houston, Oakland, and Miami. Assessing the New Federalism Project, Occasional Paper. Washington, D.C.: The Urban Institute.
87. National Association of Community Health Centers (NACHC). 2001. Available at: www.nachc.com
88. National Association of Public Hospitals (NAPH). 2001. Available at: www.naph.org.
89. Norton, S.A., and D.J. Lipson. 1998. Public Policy, Market Forces, and the Viability of the Safety-Net Providers. Occasional Paper. Washington, D.C.: The Urban Institute.
90. Phillips, K.A., K.R. Morrison, R. Andersen, and L.A. Aday. 1998. Understanding the Context of Healthcare Utilization: Assessing Environmental and Provider Variables in the Behavioral Model of Utilization. Health Services Research, 33(3): 571-596.
91. Portes, A., D. Kyle, and W. Eaton. 1992. Mental Illness and Help-Seeking Behavior among Mariel Cuban and Haitian Refugees in South Florida. Journal of Health and Social Behavior 33:283-298.
92. Rajan, S. 1998. Publicly Subsidized Health Insurance: A Typology of State Approaches. Health Affairs 17(3): 101-117.
93. Roblin, D.W. 1996. Inter-Area Variation In Hospital Admissions among HMO Enrollees: An Analysis of the Effects of Chronic Disease Status and Socioeconomic Characteristics. Abstract Book, Association of Health Services Research 13: 111-112.
94. Schoen, C. and C. DesRoches. 2000. Role of Insurance in Promoting Access to Care. Health Services Research 35(1) Part II:187-206.
95. Selzer D., G. Gomez, L. Jacobson, T. Wischmeyer, R. Sood, and T. Broadie. 2001. Public Hospital-Based Level I Trauma Centers: Financial Survival in the New Millennium. Journal of Trauma 51(2): 301-307.
96. Short P.F., J.C. Cantor, and A.C. Monheit. 1988. The Dynamics of Medicaid Enrollment. Inquiry 25(4): 504-516.
97. Short P.F., L.J. Cornelius, and D.E. Goldstone. 1990. Health Insurance of Minorities in the United States. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved 1(1): 25-27.
98. Short, P.F., and D.R. Graefe. 2003. Battery-Powered Health Insurance? Stability in Coverage of the Uninsured. Health Affairs 22(6): 244-255.
99. Short, P.F., D.R. Graefe, and C. Schoen. 2003. Churn, Churn, Churn: How Instability of Health Insurance Shapes America's Uninsured Problem. Issue Brief (688):1-16. New York: Commonwealth Fund.
100. Short, P.F., and D.C. Lefkowitz. 1992. Encouraging Preventive Services for Low-Income Children. The Effect of Expanding Medicaid. Medical Care 30(9): 766-780.
101. Short, P.F. 1998. Gaps and Transitions in Health Insurance: What are the Concerns of Women? Journal of Women's Health 7(6): 725-737.
102. Siegel, B. 1996. Public Hospitals - A Prescription for Survival. New York: The Commonwealth Fund.
103. Steinberg, C.R., and R.J. Baxter. 1998. Accountable Communities: How Norms and Values affect Health System Change. Health Affairs (17)4: 149-157.
104. Summer, L. 1998. State Subsidized Health Insurance Programs for Low Income Residents: Program Structure, Administration, and Costs. New York: The Commonwealth Fund.
105. Szilagyi, P.G., J. Zwanziger, L.E. Rodewald, J.L. Holl, D.B. Mukamel, S. Trafton, L.P. Shone, A.W. Dick, L. Jarrell, and R.F. Raubertas. 2000. Evaluation of a State Health Insurance Program for Low-Income Children: Implications for State Child Health Insurance Programs. Pediatrics 105(2): 363-371.
106. Tanner, J.L., W. Cockerham, and J.L. Spaeth. 1983. Predicting Physician Utilization. Medical Care 21: 360-369.
107. Ullman, F., B. Bruen, and J. Holahan. 1998. The State Children's Health Insurance Program: A Look at the Numbers. Available at: http://newfederalism.urban.org/html/occ4.html
108. Vancil, D.R., and A.L. Shroyer. 1998. Creative Payment Strategy Helps Ensure a Future for Teaching Hospitals. Healthcare Financial Management 52(11): 48-52.
109. Wall, S. 1998. Transformations in Public Health Systems. Health Affairs 17(3): 64-80.
110. Weiner, G.D., and C.L. Malakar. 1999. The Uninsured in Northeastern Ohio: Findings from the Ohio Family Health Survey. Abstract Book. Association for Health Services Research 16: 38-39.
111. Zuckerman, S., N. Brennan, J. Holahan, G. Kenney, and S. Rajan. 1999. Snapshots of America's Families: Variations in Health Care Across States (99-18). Assessing the New Federalism Project, Policy Brief. Washington, D.C.: The Urban Institute.