Effect of grain size on the electron work function of Cu and Al

Surface Review and Letters

Volumn 11, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 173-178

  Li, Wen ^a   Li, D Y ^b  

^a CHANGCHUN UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Grain size; Kelvin probe; Work function

Indexed keywords

ALUMINUM; GRAIN BOUNDARIES; GRAIN SIZE AND SHAPE; PHASE TRANSITIONS; SURFACE PROPERTIES; WEAR OF MATERIALS;

ELECTRON WORK FUNCTION (EWF); KELVIN PROBES;

COPPER;

ALUMINUM; COPPER;

ARTICLE; ELECTRON; GRAIN; INSTRUMENT; PARTICLE SIZE; PHASE TRANSITION; SURFACE PROPERTY; TECHNIQUE;

EID: 2942536399     PISSN: 0218625X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1142/S0218625X04006025     Document Type: Article

References (20)

1. D. Mclean, Grain Boundaries in Metals (Oxford at the Clarendon Press, London, 1957).
2. G. A. Chawick and D. A. Smith, Grain Boundary Structure and Properties (Academic, London, 1976).
3. L. K. Fionova and A. V. Artemyev, Grain Boundaries in Metals and Semiconductors (Europe Media Duplication, Cedex, France, 1993).
4. S. G. Song, Philos. Mag. Lett 79, 511 (19990).
5. S. W. Chan and A. Kussmaul, J. Mater. Res. 13, 1774 (1998).
6. D. H. Buckley, Surface Effects in Adhesion, Friction, Wear, and Lubrication (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1981).
7. E. Rabinowicz, Friction and Wear off Materials (John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1995).
8. B. Bhushan and A. V. Goldade, Appl. Surf. Sci. 157, 373 (2000).
9. D. DeVechio and B. Bhushan, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 69, 3618 (1998).
10. A. L. Zharin and D. A. Rigney, Tribol. Lett. 4, 205 (1998).
11. E. S. Zanoria, K. Hamall, S. Danyluk and A. L. Zharin, J. Testing and Evaluation 25, 233 (1997).
12. T. Kasai, X. Y. Fu, D. A. Rigney and A. L. Zharin, Wear 225-229, 1186(1999).
13. I. D. Baikie, P. J. S. Smish, D. M. Porterrfield and P. J. Estrup, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 70, 1842 (1999).
14. E. S. Zanoria, S. Danyluk, A. L. Zharin and C. S. Bhatia, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A14(1), 52(1996).
15. W. Li and D. Y. Li, Wear 253, 746 (2002).
16. W. Li and D. Y. Li, Mater. Sci. Technol 18, 1057 (2002).
17. D. Y. Li and W. Li, Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 4337 (2001).
18. W. Li and D. Y. Li, Phys. Stat. Sol. (a) 196, 390 (2003).
19. N. D. Lang and W. Kohn, Phys. Rev. B3, 1215 (1971).
20. S. Romanowski, Phys. Stat. Sol. (b) 145, 467 (1988).