Migration and endogamy according to social class: France, 1803-1986

International Review of Social History

Volumn 50, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 219-246

  Pélissier, Jean Pierre ^a   Rébaudo, Danielè ^a   Van Leeuwen, Marco H D ^a   Maas, Ineke ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 29344459457     PISSN: 00208590     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0020859005002129     Document Type: Article

References (97)

1. See, for example, Alice Bee Kasakoff and John W. Adams, "Spatial Location and Social Organisation: An Analysis of Tikopian Patterns", Man, New Series, 12 (1977), pp. 48-64;
2. Barrie S. Morgan, "A Contribution to the Debate on Homogamy, Propinquity, and Segregation", Journal of Marriage and the Family, 43 (1981), pp. 909-921;
3. Thomas W. Pullum and Andres Peri, "A Multivariate Analysis of Homogamy in Montevideo, Uruquay", Population Studies, 53 (1999), pp. 361-377;
4. Gillian Stevens, "Propinquity and Educational Homogamy", Sociological Forum, 6 (1991), pp. 715-726.
5. See inter alia Guy Brunet, Antoinette Fauve-Chamoux, and Michel Oris (eds), Le choix du conjoint (Paris, 1996).
6. J.L. Flandrin, Les amours paysannes XVIe-XIXe siècles (Paris, 1975),
7. and Martine Segalen, Love and Power in the Peasant Family: Rural France in the Nineteenth Century (Oxford, 1983).
8. See for instance Michel Bozon and François Héran, "La découverte du conjoint. I. Évolution et morphologie des scènes de rencontre", Population, 6 (1987), pp. 943-986;
9. idem,Michel Bozon and François Héran, "La découverte du conjoint. II. Évolution et morphologie des scènes de rencontre", Population, 1 (1988), pp. 121-150;
10. idem,Michel Bozon and François Héran, "L'aire de recrutement du conjoint", Données sociales (1987), pp. 338-347.
11. See too Michel Forsé and Louis Chauvel, "L'évolution de l'homogamie en France", Revue française de sociologie, 36 (1995), pp. 123-142;
12. Alain Girard, Le choix du conjoint. Une enquête psycho-sociologique en France (Paris, 1981);
13. Louis-André Vallet, "Forty Years of Social Mobility in France: Change in Social Fluidity in the Light of Recent Models", Revue Française de Sociologie: An Annual English Selection, 42, Supplement (2001), pp. 5-64;
14. and various studies by Singly, including his recent study of France, and other European studies. François de Singly and Vincenzo Cicchelli, "Contemporary Families: Social Reproduction and Personal Fulfilment', in D.I. Kertzer and M. Barbagli (eds), Family Life in the Twentieth Century: The History of the European Family (New Haven, CT, 2003), pp. 311-349.
15. Jean-Claude Farcy and Alain Faure, La mobilité d'une génération de français. Recherches sur les migrations et les déménagements vers et dans Paris à la fin du XIXe siècle (Paris, 2003).
16. Antoine Prost, "Structures sociales du XVIIIe arrondissement en 1936", in J. Girault (ed.), Ouvriers en banlieue, XIXe-XXe siècles (Paris, 1998), pp. 50-64.
17. Philippe Rygiel, "Dissolution d'un groupe ethnique. Origines des témoins et des conjoints des enfants des familles polonaises implantées dans le Cher", Mouvement Sociale, 191 (2000), pp. 69-89.
18. On TRA, see Jacques Dupâquier and Jean-Pierre Pélissier, "Mutations d'une société: La mobilité professionelle", in J. Dupâquier and D. Kessler (eds), La société française au XIXe siècle (Paris, 1992), pp. 121-236;
19. C. Motte and J.-P. Pélissier, "La binette, l'aiguille et le plumeau", in ibid., pp. 237-342;
20. J.-P. Pélissier and D. Rébaudo, "Une approche de l'illettrisme en France", Histoire et Mesure, 19 (2004), pp. 161-202.
21. On studies of migration and marriage using the TRA data, see Didier Blanchet and Dennis Kessler, "La mobilité géographique de la naissance au mariage", in Dupâquier and Kessler, La société française au XIXe siècle, pp. 343-378;
22. Paul-André Rosental, Les sentiers invisibles. Espace, familles et migrations dans la France du 19e siècle (Paris, 1999);
23. e siècle", Annales de Démographie Historique, 1 (2004), pp. 107-136.
24. See also Noël Bonneuil and Paul-André Rosental, "Changing Social Mobility in Nineteenth-Century France", Historical Methods, 32 (1999), pp. 53-73,
25. and Jérôme Bourdieu, Gilles Postel-Vinay, and Akiko Suwa-Eisenmann, "Défense et illustration de l'enquête des 3000 familles. L'exemple de son volet patrimonial", Annales de Démographie Historique, 1 (2004), pp. 19-52.
26. See for example John L. Rodgers and Joan R. Rodgers, "The Economic Impact of Rural-to-Urban Migration in the United States: Evidence for Male Labor-Force Participants", Social Science Quarterly (1997), pp. 937-954,
27. and Michael Wagner, "Zur Bedeutung räumlicher Mobilität für den Erwerbsverlauf bei Männern und Frauen", in Akademie für Raumforschung und Landesplanung (ed.), Regionale und biographische Mobilität im Lebensverlauf (Hanover, 1991), pp. 149-167.
28. S. Thernstrom, The Other Bostonians: Poverty and Progress in the American Metropolis 1880-1970 (Cambridge, MA, 1973), pp. 40-42, 231-232.
29. J. Morgan Kousser, "Log-linear Analysis of Contingency Tables: An Introduction for Historians with an Application to Thernstrom on the 'Floating Proletariat'", Historical Methods, 15 (1982), pp. 152-169.
30. Graham J.G. Upton, "A Note on 'Log-linear Analysis of Contingency Tables'", Historical Methods, 18 (1985), pp. 147-154.
31. For a survey see John C. Brown, Marco H.D. van Leeuwen, and David Mitch, "The History of the Modern Career: An Introduction", in David Mitch, John C. Brown, and Marco H.D. van Leeuwen (eds), Origins of the Modern Career (Ashgate, 2004), pp. 3-41.
32. See for example, Leslie Page Moch, Moving Europeans: Migration in Western Europe since 1650 (Bloomington, IN, 1992);
33. Colin Pooley and Jean Turnbull, Migration and Mobility in Britain since the 18th Century (London, 1998),
34. and the discussion of their book in the Annales de Démographie Historique in 2002 by Lucassen, Kasakoff, Kok, and Schwartz
35. Leo Lucassen, "Introduction", Annales de Démographie Historique (2002), pp. 101-105;
36. Jan Kok, "Comment on Pooley and Turnbull",ibid., pp. 113-118;
37. Robert M. Schwartz, "Steady State Mobility",ibid., pp. 119-123.
38. Sec also Anne Winter, "'Vagrancy' as an Adaptive Strategy: The Duchy of Brabant", International Review of Social History, 49 (2004), pp. 249-278.
39. See for example, Robert D. Mare, "Five Decades of Educational Assortative Mating", American Sociological Review, 56 (1991), pp. 15-31;
40. Wilfred Uunk, "Who Marries Whom? The Role of Social Origin, Education and High Culture in Mate Selection of Industrial Societies during the Twentieth Century" (Ph.D., University of Nijmegen, 1996).
41. M. Kalmijn, "Intermarriage and Homogamy: Causes, Patterns, Trends", Annual Review of Sociology, 24 (1998), pp. 395-421.
42. Frank van Tubergen, "The Social-cultural and Socio-economic Integration of Immigrants in Cross-National Perspective: Origin, Destination, and Community Effects" (Ph.D., University of Utrecht, 2005).
43. Darren E. Sherkat, "Religious Intermarriage in the United States: Trends, Patterns, and Predictors", Social Science Research, 33 (2004), pp. 606-625.
44. Barry R. Chiswick, "Are Immigrants Favorably Self-Selected?", American Economic Review, 89 (1999), pp. 181-185.
45. Sherkat, "Religious Intermarriage in the United States".
46. M. Mitterauer, A History of Youth (Oxford, 1990), pp. 178-184.
47. Edward Shorter, The Making of the Modern Family (New York, 1975), pp. 125-127
48. . 20. Mitterauer, A History of Youth, p. 181.
49. See too, Segalen, Love and Power in the Peasant Family, p. 16.
50. Flandrin, Les amours paysannes, p. 139.
51. Martine Segalen, De l'amour et du mariage autrefois (Paris, 1981), p. 34.
52. Flandrin, Les amours paysannes, pp. 140-145;
53. Segalen, Love and Power in the Peasant Family;
54. Eugene Weber, Peasants into Frenchmen: The Modernization of Rural France 1870-1914 (Stanford, CA, 1976), pp. 399-413.
55. See too the articles in Jacques Le Goff and Jean-Claude Schmitt (eds), Le charivari (Paris, 1981).
56. Weber, Peasants into Frenchmen, pp. 167-168.
57. Louise Tilly and Joan Scott, Women, Work and Family (New York, 1978), pp. 121-122.
58. See for example Weber, Peasants into Frenchmen, pp. 281-282.
59. Leslie Page Moch, Paths to the City (Thousand Oaks, CA, 1983), pp. 199-200.
60. Sherkat, "Religious Intermarriage in the United States".
61. Segalen, Love and Power in the Peasant Family, p. 38.
62. Segalen, Love and Power in the Peasant Family,Ibid., p. 41.
63. Segalen, De l'amour et du mariage autrefois, pp. 68, 85.
64. See too George Alter, Family and the Female Life Course: The Women of Verviers, Belgium, 1849-1880 (Madison, WI, 1988), pp. 148-150, on the town of Verviers.
65. P.M. Blau and J.E. Schwartz, Crosscutting Social Circles (New York, 1984).
66. William R. Catton, Jr and R.J. Smircich, "A Comparison of Mathematical Models for the Effect of Residential Propinquity on Mate Selection", American Sociological Review, 29 (1964), pp. 522-529.
67. Stevens, "Propinquity and Educational Homogamy".
68. Pooley and Turnbull, Migration and Mobility in Britain since the 18th Century, p. 158.
69. Morgan, "A Contribution to the Debate on Homogamy, Propinquity, and Segregation".
70. de -eeuwse Vlaamse steden (Leuven, Aalst en Gent)", (Ph.D., Catholic University of Leuven, 2003).
71. Hubert M. Blalock, Toward a Theory of Minority Group Relations (New York, 1967).
72. See for example Pooley and Turnbull, Migration and Mobility in Britain since the 18th Century, p. 303.
73. Flandrin, Les amours paysannes; J.M. Phayer, Sexual Liberation and Religion in Nineteenth Century Europe (London, 1977);
74. Shorter, The Making of the Modem Family, pp. 125-127;
75. James F. Traer, Marriage and the Family in Eighteenth-Century France (Ithaca, NY, 1980).
76. Flandrin, Les amours paysannes, p. 243.
77. Shorter, The Making of the Modern Family, p. 148.
78. Shorter, The Making of the Modern Family, Ibid., pp. 19-20.
79. Tilly and Scott, Women, Work and Family, p. 1211.
80. Weber, Peasants into Frenchmen, p. 406.
81. Weber, Peasants into Frenchmen, Ibid., p. 416.
82. Weber, Peasants into Frenchmen, Ibid., pp. 419-428.
83. Claude Karnoouh, "L'étranger ou le faux inconnu. Essai sur la définition spatiale d'autrui dans un village lorrain", Ethnologie française, 2 (1972), pp. 107-122.
84. Analyses (not shown in this article) show that weighting the data to take the lower representation of rural areas in the twentieth century into account has no effect on the results. We therefore refrain from presenting results of analyses based on weighted data.
85. Marco H.D. van Leeuwen, Ineke Maas, and Andrew Miles, HISCO: Historical International Standard Classification of Occupations (Leuven, 2002).
86. J.-P. Pélissier, D. Rébaudo, and D. Nicolas, "La mobilité professionnelle en France aux XIX et XXe siècles d'après les actes de mariage" [HISMA. Occasional Papers and Documents] (IISG, Amsterdam, 2004).
87. M.H.D. van Leeuwen and I. Maas, "HISCLASS", Paper presented at the 5th European Social Science History Conference (Berlin, 24-27 March 2004);
88. I. Maas and M.H.D. van Leeuwen, "SPSS Recode Job from HISCO into HISCLASS", May 2004.
89. R.J. Johnston and P.J. Perry, "Déviation directionelle dans les aires de contact: Deux exemples de relations matrimoniales dans la France rurale du XIXe siècle", Études Rurales, 46 (1972), pp. 23-33.
90. Luc Arrondel and Cyril Grange, "Successions et héritiers dans la société rurale du XIXe siècle: L'exemple des familles 'TRA' de Loire-Inférieure", Annales de Démographie Historique (2004), pp. 53-77.
91. Emmanuel Todd, La nouvelle France (Paris, 1988), p. 88.
92. Todd claims his data are valid for at least the past two centuries. It should be noted though that he does not break them down by sub-period. Although we arc fortunate in having a measure of traditional family values at all, we would have preferred to have had more than one measurement point (and to have had individual-level rather than departmental-level data). As we cannot distinguish between sub-periods, it is unclear if there were changes in the position of departments relative to one another with regard to family values. Preliminary results from a national survey in 1980 among French notaries concerning the transmission of property in villages and small cities seem to suggest stability. This, at least, is Goy's conclusion ("la permanence, près de deux siècles après la promulgation du Code civil des comportements régionaux pré-1789 malgré les transformations juridiques, économiques et sociologiques"). See Joseph Goy, "Pour une cartographie des modes de transmission successorale deux siècles après le Code civil", Mélanges de l'École française de Rome, 100 (1988), pp. 431-444; the quotation is on p. 441.
93. Interestingly, for Britain, Pooley and Turnbull found that wars had little permanent effect on migration patterns; while wars did result in population movements, after the war most people returned home; Pooley and Turnbull, Migration and Mobility in Britain since the 18th Century, pp. 261, 273.
94. If upward mobility is omitted, the effect of urbanization of place of residence of men in model 2 becomes 0.916, which is much closer to 0.927 than to 0.745.
95. The fact that family values were not measured at the individual level but at the level of department means that our non-multi-level analyses might overestimate the significance of their effect.
96. Note, however, that the effect of urbanization of place of residence is explained to a large extent by the smaller percentage of the population originating from a propertied, i.e. farming, class in the cities.
97. The positive interaction effect indicates that the odds ratio for migration distance moved closer to 1.