메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 18, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 349-390

Blind spots: The effects of information and stakes on fairness bias and dispersion

Author keywords

Bias; Dispersion; Equity; Fairness; Impartial spectator; Justice

Indexed keywords


EID: 29144535683     PISSN: 08857466     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11211-005-8566-6     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (40)

References (66)
  • 1
    • 77956839363 scopus 로고
    • Inequality in social exchange
    • Berkowitz, L. (ed.), Academic Press, New York
    • Adams, J. S. (1965). Inequality in Social Exchange. In Berkowitz, L. (ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, Vol. 2, Academic Press, New York, pp. 267-299.
    • (1965) Advances in Experimental Social Psychology , vol.2 , pp. 267-299
    • Adams, J.S.1
  • 2
    • 0036220942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Giving according to GARP: An experimental test of the consistency of preferences for altruism
    • Andieoni, J., and Miller, J. (2002). Giving according to GARP: An experimental test of the consistency of preferences for altruism. Econometrica 70(2): 737-753.
    • (2002) Econometrica , vol.70 , Issue.2 , pp. 737-753
    • Andieoni, J.1    Miller, J.2
  • 3
    • 0001156293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Explaining bargaining impasse: The role of self-serving biases
    • Babcock, L., and Loewenstein, G. (1997). Explaining bargaining impasse: The role of self-serving biases. J. Econ. Perspect. 11(1): 109-126.
    • (1997) J. Econ. Perspect. , vol.11 , Issue.1 , pp. 109-126
    • Babcock, L.1    Loewenstein, G.2
  • 5
    • 0041111710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Choosing the wrong pond: Social comparisons in negotiations that reflect a self-serving bias
    • Babcock, L., Wang, X., and Loewenstein, G. (1996). Choosing the wrong pond: Social comparisons in negotiations that reflect a self-serving bias. Q. J. Econ. 111(1): 1-19.
    • (1996) Q. J. Econ. , vol.111 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-19
    • Babcock, L.1    Wang, X.2    Loewenstein, G.3
  • 6
    • 0038979610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dictator game giving: Rules of fairness versus acts of kindness
    • Bolton, G. E., Katok, E., and Zwick, R. (1996). Dictator game giving: Rules of fairness versus acts of kindness. Int. J. Game Theory 27: 269-299.
    • (1996) Int. J. Game Theory , vol.27 , pp. 269-299
    • Bolton, G.E.1    Katok, E.2    Zwick, R.3
  • 8
    • 0003149275 scopus 로고
    • Information, fairness, and efficiency in bargaining
    • Mellers, B. A., and Baron, J. (eds.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, MA
    • Camerer, C., and Loewenstein, G. (1993). Information, fairness, and efficiency in bargaining. In Mellers, B. A., and Baron, J. (eds.), Psychological Perspectives on Justice, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 155-179.
    • (1993) Psychological Perspectives on Justice , pp. 155-179
    • Camerer, C.1    Loewenstein, G.2
  • 9
    • 0000800064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A laboratory study of group polarization in the team dictator game
    • Cason, T. N., and Mui, V. (1997). A laboratory study of group polarization in the team dictator game. Econ. J. 107(444): 1465-1483.
    • (1997) Econ. J. , vol.107 , Issue.444 , pp. 1465-1483
    • Cason, T.N.1    Mui, V.2
  • 10
    • 0002422047 scopus 로고
    • Not can, but will college teaching be improved?
    • Cross, K. P. (1977). Not can, but will college teaching be improved? N. Direct. Higher Educ. 17(Spring): 1-15.
    • (1977) N. Direct. Higher Educ. , vol.17 , Issue.SPRING , pp. 1-15
    • Cross, K.P.1
  • 12
    • 0000888467 scopus 로고
    • Ambiguity and self-evaluation: The role of idiosyncratic trait definitions in self-serving assessments of ability
    • Dunning, D., Meyerowitz, J. A., and Holzberg, A. D. (1989). Ambiguity and self-evaluation: The role of idiosyncratic trait definitions in self-serving assessments of ability. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 57(6): 1082-1090.
    • (1989) J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. , vol.57 , Issue.6 , pp. 1082-1090
    • Dunning, D.1    Meyerowitz, J.A.2    Holzberg, A.D.3
  • 14
    • 0000773694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A theory of fairness, competition and cooperation
    • Fehr, E., and Schmidt, K. M. (1999). A theory of fairness, competition and cooperation. Q. J. Econ. 114(3): 817-868.
    • (1999) Q. J. Econ. , vol.114 , Issue.3 , pp. 817-868
    • Fehr, E.1    Schmidt, K.M.2
  • 17
    • 0042367232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Some doubts about measuring self-interest using dictator experiments: The costs of anonymity
    • Fröhlich, N., Oppenheimer, J., and Moore, B. (2001). Some doubts about measuring self-interest using dictator experiments: The costs of anonymity. J. Econ. Behav. Org. 46(3): 271-290.
    • (2001) J. Econ. Behav. Org. , vol.46 , Issue.3 , pp. 271-290
    • Fröhlich, N.1    Oppenheimer, J.2    Moore, B.3
  • 18
    • 14944380588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moral property rights with infeasible claims
    • Gächter, S., and Riedl, A. (2005). Moral property rights with infeasible claims. Manage. Sci. 51(2): 249-263.
    • (2005) Manage. Sci. , vol.51 , Issue.2 , pp. 249-263
    • Gächter, S.1    Riedl, A.2
  • 19
    • 0035008583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-cultural equity evaluations: A questionnaire-experimental approach
    • Gaertner, W., Jungeilges, J., and Neck, R. (2001). Cross-cultural equity evaluations: A questionnaire-experimental approach. Eur. Econ. Rev. 45: 953-963.
    • (2001) Eur. Econ. Rev. , vol.45 , pp. 953-963
    • Gaertner, W.1    Jungeilges, J.2    Neck, R.3
  • 20
    • 0001285228 scopus 로고
    • Fairness as a constraint on profit seeking: Comment
    • German, R. F., and Kehr, J. B. (1992). Fairness as a constraint on profit seeking: Comment. Am. Econ. Rev. 82(1): 355-358.
    • (1992) Am. Econ. Rev. , vol.82 , Issue.1 , pp. 355-358
    • German, R.F.1    Kehr, J.B.2
  • 21
    • 0010798912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two-level ultimatum bargaining with incomplete information: An experimental study
    • Güth, W., Huck, S., and Ockenfels, P. (1996). Two-level ultimatum bargaining with incomplete information: An experimental study. Econ. J. 106(436): 593-604.
    • (1996) Econ. J. , vol.106 , Issue.436 , pp. 593-604
    • Güth, W.1    Huck, S.2    Ockenfels, P.3
  • 22
    • 41449091490 scopus 로고
    • An experimental analysis of ultimatum bargaining
    • Güth, W., Schmittberger, R., and Schwarze, B. (1982). An experimental analysis of ultimatum bargaining. J. Econ. Behav. Org. 3(4): 367-388.
    • (1982) J. Econ. Behav. Org. , vol.3 , Issue.4 , pp. 367-388
    • Güth, W.1    Schmittberger, R.2    Schwarze, B.3
  • 23
    • 0347249304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Information, strategic behavior, and fairness in ultimatum bargaining: An experimental study
    • Güth, W., and van Damme, E. (1998). Information, strategic behavior, and fairness in ultimatum bargaining: An experimental study. J. Math. Psychol. 42: 227-247.
    • (1998) J. Math. Psychol. , vol.42 , pp. 227-247
    • Güth, W.1    Van Damme, E.2
  • 24
    • 0034244221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do innocent victims threaten the belief in a just world? Evidence from a modified stroop task
    • Hafer, C. L. (2000). Do innocent victims threaten the belief in a just world? Evidence from a modified stroop task. Attitudes Soc. Cogn. 79(2): 165-173.
    • (2000) Attitudes Soc. Cogn. , vol.79 , Issue.2 , pp. 165-173
    • Hafer, C.L.1
  • 25
    • 0141595030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The emotional dog does learn new tricks: A reply to Pizarro and Bloom
    • Haidt, J. (2003). The emotional dog does learn new tricks: A reply to Pizarro and Bloom. Psychol. Rev. 110(1): 197-198.
    • (2003) Psychol. Rev. , vol.110 , Issue.1 , pp. 197-198
    • Haidt, J.1
  • 28
    • 0040516017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In search of homo economicus: Behavioral experiments in 15 small-scale societies
    • Henrich, J., Boyd, R., Bolwes, S., Camerer, C., Fehr, E., Gintis, H., and McElreath, R. (2001). In search of homo economicus: Behavioral experiments in 15 small-scale societies. Am. Econ. Rev. 91(2): 73-78.
    • (2001) Am. Econ. Rev. , vol.91 , Issue.2 , pp. 73-78
    • Henrich, J.1    Boyd, R.2    Bolwes, S.3    Camerer, C.4    Fehr, E.5    Gintis, H.6    McElreath, R.7
  • 29
    • 0001578263 scopus 로고
    • Preferences, property rights, and anonymity in bargaining games
    • Hoffman, E., McCabe, K., Shachat, K., and Smith, V. (1994). Preferences, property rights, and anonymity in bargaining games. Games Econ. Behav. 7(3): 436-380.
    • (1994) Games Econ. Behav. , vol.7 , Issue.3 , pp. 436-1380
    • Hoffman, E.1    McCabe, K.2    Shachat, K.3    Smith, V.4
  • 30
    • 0001165157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social distance and other-regarding behavior in dictator games
    • Hoffman, E., McCabe, K., and Smith, V. (1996). Social distance and other-regarding behavior in dictator games. Am. Econ. Rev. 86(3): 653-660.
    • (1996) Am. Econ. Rev. , vol.86 , Issue.3 , pp. 653-660
    • Hoffman, E.1    McCabe, K.2    Smith, V.3
  • 31
    • 85048922864 scopus 로고
    • Social behavior as exchange
    • Homans, G. C. (1958). Social behavior as exchange. Am. J. Social. 63: 597-606.
    • (1958) Am. J. Social. , vol.63 , pp. 597-606
    • Homans, G.C.1
  • 32
    • 0011616338 scopus 로고
    • The development of equity and logico-mathematical thinking
    • Hook, J. (1978). The development of equity and logico-mathematical thinking. Child Dev. 49: 1035-1044.
    • (1978) Child Dev , vol.49 , pp. 1035-1044
    • Hook, J.1
  • 33
    • 0000398911 scopus 로고
    • Equity theory and the cognitive ability of children
    • Hook, J., and Cook, T. D. (1979). Equity theory and the cognitive ability of children. Psychol. Bull. 86(3): 429-445.
    • (1979) Psychol. Bull. , vol.86 , Issue.3 , pp. 429-445
    • Hook, J.1    Cook, T.D.2
  • 34
    • 21144444620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fair market ideology: Its cognitive-motivational underpinnings
    • Jost, J. T., Blount, S., Pfeffer, J., and Hunyady, G. (2003). Fair market ideology: Its cognitive-motivational underpinnings. Res. Org. Behav. 25: 53-91.
    • (2003) Res. Org. Behav. , vol.25 , pp. 53-91
    • Jost, J.T.1    Blount, S.2    Pfeffer, J.3    Hunyady, G.4
  • 35
    • 0000744908 scopus 로고
    • Fairness as a constraint on profit seeking: Entitlements in the market
    • Kahneman, D., Knetsch, J. L., and Thaler, R. (1986). Fairness as a constraint on profit seeking: Entitlements in the market. Am. Econ. Rev. 76: 728-741.
    • (1986) Am. Econ. Rev. , vol.76 , pp. 728-741
    • Kahneman, D.1    Knetsch, J.L.2    Thaler, R.3
  • 36
    • 0242508474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complementary justice: Effects of "Poor but Happy" and "Poor but Honest" stereotype exemplars on system justification and implicit activation of the justice motive
    • Kay, A. C., and Jost, J. T. (2003). Complementary justice: Effects of "Poor but Happy" and "Poor but Honest" stereotype exemplars on system justification and implicit activation of the justice motive. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 85(5): 823-837.
    • (2003) J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. , vol.85 , Issue.5 , pp. 823-837
    • Kay, A.C.1    Jost, J.T.2
  • 37
    • 0001732419 scopus 로고
    • A bargaining theory of coalition formation
    • Komorita, S. S., and Chertkoff, J. M. (1973). A bargaining theory of coalition formation. Psychol. Rev. 80(3): 149-162.
    • (1973) Psychol. Rev. , vol.80 , Issue.3 , pp. 149-162
    • Komorita, S.S.1    Chertkoff, J.M.2
  • 38
    • 0001600663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fair shares: Accountability and cognitive dissonance in allocation decisions
    • Konow, J. (2000). Fair shares: Accountability and cognitive dissonance in allocation decisions. Am. Econ. Rev. 90(4): 1072-1092.
    • (2000) Am. Econ. Rev. , vol.90 , Issue.4 , pp. 1072-1092
    • Konow, J.1
  • 39
    • 2542559776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Which is the fairest one of all?: A positive analysis of justice theories
    • Konow, J. (2003). Which is the fairest one of all?: A positive analysis of justice theories. J. Econ. Literature 41(4): 1186-1237.
    • (2003) J. Econ. Literature , vol.41 , Issue.4 , pp. 1186-1237
    • Konow, J.1
  • 41
    • 0007340283 scopus 로고
    • Locus of cause and equity motivation as determinants of reward allocation
    • Leventhal, G. S., and Michaels, J. W. (1971). Locus of cause and equity motivation as determinants of reward allocation. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 17(1): 229-235.
    • (1971) J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. , vol.17 , Issue.1 , pp. 229-235
    • Leventhal, G.S.1    Michaels, J.W.2
  • 42
    • 0000242613 scopus 로고
    • Self-serving assessments of fairness and pretrial bargaining
    • Loewenstein, G., Issacharoff, S., Camerer, C., and Babcock, L. (1993). Self-serving assessments of fairness and pretrial bargaining. J. Legal Stud. 22(1): 135-159.
    • (1993) J. Legal Stud. , vol.22 , Issue.1 , pp. 135-159
    • Loewenstein, G.1    Issacharoff, S.2    Camerer, C.3    Babcock, L.4
  • 43
    • 0002341161 scopus 로고
    • Equality as a decision heuristic
    • Mellers, B. A., and Baron, J. (eds.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK
    • Messick, D. M. (1993). Equality as a decision heuristic. In Mellers, B. A., and Baron, J. (eds.), Psychological Perspectives on Justice: Theory and Applications, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp. 11-31.
    • (1993) Psychological Perspectives on Justice: Theory and Applications , pp. 11-31
    • Messick, D.M.1
  • 44
    • 0002990486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethical leadership and the psychology of decision making
    • Messick, D. M., and Bazerman, M. H. (1996). Ethical leadership and the psychology of decision making. Sloan Manage. Rev. 37: 9-22.
    • (1996) Sloan Manage. Rev. , vol.37 , pp. 9-22
    • Messick, D.M.1    Bazerman, M.H.2
  • 45
    • 0003055558 scopus 로고
    • Fairness, preference, and fairness biases
    • Messick, D. M., and Cook, K. (eds.), Praeger, New York
    • Messick, D. M., and Sentis, K. P. (1983). Fairness, preference, and fairness biases. In Messick, D. M., and Cook, K. (eds.), Equity Theory: Psychological and Sociological Perspectives, Praeger, New York, pp. 61-94.
    • (1983) Equity Theory: Psychological and Sociological Perspectives , pp. 61-94
    • Messick, D.M.1    Sentis, K.P.2
  • 46
    • 0031516268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fairness and competence in democratic decisions
    • Oberholzer-Gee, F., Bohnet, I., and Frey, B. (1997). Fairness and competence in democratic decisions. Public Choice 91(1): 89-105.
    • (1997) Public Choice , vol.91 , Issue.1 , pp. 89-105
    • Oberholzer-Gee, F.1    Bohnet, I.2    Frey, B.3
  • 47
    • 0038335228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The over-claiming technique: Measuring self-enhancement independent of ability
    • Paulhus, D. L., Harms, P. D., Bruce, M. N., and Lysy, D. C. (2003). The over-claiming technique: Measuring self-enhancement independent of ability. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 84(4): 890-904.
    • (2003) J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. , vol.84 , Issue.4 , pp. 890-904
    • Paulhus, D.L.1    Harms, P.D.2    Bruce, M.N.3    Lysy, D.C.4
  • 48
    • 4544388209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The moral superiority effect: Self versus other differences in satisfaction with being overpaid
    • Peters, S. L., van den Bos, K., and Bobocel, D. R. (2004). The moral superiority effect: Self versus other differences in satisfaction with being overpaid. Soc. Justice Res. 17(3): 257-273.
    • (2004) Soc. Justice Res. , vol.17 , Issue.3 , pp. 257-273
    • Peters, S.L.1    Van Den Bos, K.2    Bobocel, D.R.3
  • 49
    • 21844513806 scopus 로고
    • Being fair or appearing fair: Strategic behavior in ultimatum bargaining
    • Pillutla, M. M., and Murnighan, J. K. (1995). Being fair or appearing fair: Strategic behavior in ultimatum bargaining. Acad. Manage. J. 38(5): 1408-1426.
    • (1995) Acad. Manage. J. , vol.38 , Issue.5 , pp. 1408-1426
    • Pillutla, M.M.1    Murnighan, J.K.2
  • 51
    • 0004048289 scopus 로고
    • Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge
    • Rawls, J. (1971). A Theory of Justice, Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
    • (1971) A Theory of Justice
    • Rawls, J.1
  • 52
    • 1542681040 scopus 로고
    • Game-theoretic models and the role of information in bargaining
    • Roth, A. E., and Malouf, M. W. K. (1979). Game-theoretic models and the role of information in bargaining. Psychol. Rev. 86(6): 574-594.
    • (1979) Psychol. Rev. , vol.86 , Issue.6 , pp. 574-594
    • Roth, A.E.1    Malouf, M.W.K.2
  • 53
    • 0002603158 scopus 로고
    • Sociological versus strategic factors in bargaining
    • Roth, A. E., Malouf, M. W. K., and Murnighan, J. K. (1981). Sociological versus strategic factors in bargaining. J. Econ. Behav. Org. 2: 153-177.
    • (1981) J. Econ. Behav. Org. , vol.2 , pp. 153-177
    • Roth, A.E.1    Malouf, M.W.K.2    Murnighan, J.K.3
  • 54
    • 0000709480 scopus 로고
    • The role of information in bargaining: An experimental study
    • Roth, A. E., and Murnighan, J. K. (1982). The role of information in bargaining: An experimental study. Econometrica 50(5): 1123-1142.
    • (1982) Econometrica , vol.50 , Issue.5 , pp. 1123-1142
    • Roth, A.E.1    Murnighan, J.K.2
  • 55
    • 0001515580 scopus 로고
    • Bargaining and market behavior in Jerusalem, Ljubljana, Pittsburgh, and Tokyo: An experimental study
    • Roth, A. E., Prasnikar, V., Okuno-Fujiwara, M., and Zamir, S. (1991). Bargaining and market behavior in Jerusalem, Ljubljana, Pittsburgh, and Tokyo: An experimental study. Am. Econ. Rev. 81(5): 1068-1095.
    • (1991) Am. Econ. Rev. , vol.81 , Issue.5 , pp. 1068-1095
    • Roth, A.E.1    Prasnikar, V.2    Okuno-Fujiwara, M.3    Zamir, S.4
  • 56
    • 0013994747 scopus 로고
    • Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement
    • Rotter, J. B. (1966). Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. Psychol. Monogr. 80(1): 609.
    • (1966) Psychol. Monogr. , vol.80 , Issue.1 , pp. 609
    • Rotter, J.B.1
  • 57
    • 84980225444 scopus 로고
    • Interindividual differences in opinions about distributive justice
    • Schokkaert, E., and Capeau, B. (1991). Interindividual differences in opinions about distributive justice. Kyklos 44(3): 325-345.
    • (1991) Kyklos , vol.44 , Issue.3 , pp. 325-345
    • Schokkaert, E.1    Capeau, B.2
  • 58
    • 0001181267 scopus 로고
    • Spieltheoretische Behandlung Eines Oligopol Models mit Nachfragetragheit
    • Selten, R. (1965). Spieltheoretische Behandlung Eines Oligopol Models mit Nachfragetragheit. Z. Gesamte Staatswissenschaft 121: 301-324.
    • (1965) Z. Gesamte Staatswissenschaft , vol.121 , pp. 301-324
    • Selten, R.1
  • 60
    • 38149146746 scopus 로고
    • Understanding when agents are fairmen or gamesmen
    • Spiegel, M., Currie, J., Sonnenschein, H., and Sen, A. (1994). Understanding when agents are fairmen or gamesmen. Games Econ. Behav. 7(1): 104-115.
    • (1994) Games Econ. Behav. , vol.7 , Issue.1 , pp. 104-115
    • Spiegel, M.1    Currie, J.2    Sonnenschein, H.3    Sen, A.4
  • 61
    • 0000841243 scopus 로고
    • An experimental investigation of ultimatum games: Information, fairness, expectations, and lowest acceptable offers
    • Straub, P. G., and Murnighan, J. K. (1995). An experimental investigation of ultimatum games: Information, fairness, expectations, and lowest acceptable offers. J. Econ. Behav. Org. 27: 345-364.
    • (1995) J. Econ. Behav. Org. , vol.27 , pp. 345-364
    • Straub, P.G.1    Murnighan, J.K.2
  • 62
    • 0013136339 scopus 로고
    • Are we all less risky and more skillful than our fellow drivers?
    • Svenson, O. (1981). Are we all less risky and more skillful than our fellow drivers? Acta Psychol. 47: 143-148.
    • (1981) Acta Psychol. , vol.47 , pp. 143-148
    • Svenson, O.1
  • 63
    • 0023968228 scopus 로고
    • Illusion and well-being: A social psychological perspective on mental health
    • Taylor, S. E., and Brown, J. D. (1988). Illusion and well-being: A social psychological perspective on mental health. Psychol. Bull. 103(2): 193-210.
    • (1988) Psychol. Bull. , vol.103 , Issue.2 , pp. 193-210
    • Taylor, S.E.1    Brown, J.D.2
  • 64
    • 4043133211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethical fading: The role of self-deception in unethical behavior
    • Tenbrunsel, A. E., and Messick, D. M. (2004). Ethical fading: The role of self-deception in unethical behavior. Soc. Justice Res. 17(2): 223-236.
    • (2004) Soc. Justice Res. , vol.17 , Issue.2 , pp. 223-236
    • Tenbrunsel, A.E.1    Messick, D.M.2
  • 66
    • 58149417004 scopus 로고
    • An attributional analysis of achievement motivation
    • Weiner, B., and Kukla, A. (1970). An attributional analysis of achievement motivation. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 15(1): 1-20.
    • (1970) J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. , vol.15 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-20
    • Weiner, B.1    Kukla, A.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.