X-ray diffraction analyses of 3D MgO-based replicas of diatom microshells synthesized by a low-temperature gas/solid displacement reaction

Powder Diffraction

Volumn 20, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 306-310

  Haluska, M S ^a   Dragomir, I C ^a   Sandhage, K H ^a   Snyder, R L ^a  

^a Georgia Institute of Technology   (United States)

Author keywords

Diatom; Displacement reaction; Fourier; Microstrain; Size distribution; Warren Averbach

Indexed keywords

DIATOM; DISPLACEMENT REACTIONS; FOURIER; MICRO-STRAIN; WARREN-AVERBACH;

GRAIN GROWTH; GRAIN SIZE AND SHAPE; SILICON; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS; VAPORS; X RAY DIFFRACTION; X RAY DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS;

MAGNESIA;

EID: 29144459810     PISSN: 08857156     EISSN: 19457413     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1154/1.2135788     Document Type: Review

References (37)

1. Bauerlein, E. (2003). " Biomineralization of Unicellular Organisms: An Unusual Membrane Biochemistry for the Production of Inorganic Nano- and Microstructures., " Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 42, 614-641.
2. Cai, Y. and Sandhage, K. H. (2005). " Zn2 Si O4 -coated Microparticles with Biologically-Controlled 3-D Shapes., " Phys. Status Solidi A 202, R105-R107.
3. Cai, Y., Allan, S. M., Zalar, F. M., and Sandhage, K. H. (2005). " Three-Dimensional Magnesia-Based Nanocrystal Assemblies via Low-Temperature Magnesiothermic Reaction of Diatom Microshells., " J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 88, 2005-2010.
4. Choudary, B. M., Kantam, M. L., Ranganath, K. V. S., Mahendar, K., and Sreedhar, B. (2004). " Bifunctional Nanocrystalline MgO for Chiral Epoxy Ketones via Claisen-Schmidt Condensation-Asymmetric Epoxidation Reactions., " J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 126, 3396-3397.
5. Gaddis, C. S. and Sandhage, K. H. (2004). " Freestanding Microscale 3-D Polymeric Structures with Biologically-Derived Shapes and Nanoscale Features., " J. Mater. Res. 19, 2541-2545.
6. Gu, F., Wang, S. F., Lu, M. K., Zou, W. G., Zhou, G. J., Xu, D., and Yuan, D. R. (2004). " Combustion Synthesis and Luminescence Properties of Dy+3 -Doped MgO Nanocrystals., " J. Cryst. Growth 260, 507-510.
7. Haluska, M. S., Misture, S. T., Snyder, R. L., and Sandhage, K. H. (2005). " A Closed, Heated Reaction Chamber Design for Dynamic High-Temperature X-ray Diffraction Analyses of Gas/Solid Displacement Reactions., " Rev. Sci. Instrum. (submitted).
8. Hildebrand, M. and Wetherbee, R. (2003). " Components and Control of Silicification in Diatoms., " in Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology (Springer-Verlag, Berlin), pp. 11-57.
9. Hobson, S. T., Braue, E. H., Jr., Lehnert, E. K., Klabunde, K. J., Koper, O. P., and Decker, S. (2002). " Active Topical Skin Protectants Using Reactive Nanoparticles., " U.S. Patent No. 6,403,653.
10. ICDD (1984). " Powder Diffraction File., " International Centre for Diffraction Data, edited by, Frank McClune, 12 Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, Pennsylvania, 19073-3272.
11. ICDD (1988). " Powder Diffraction File., " International Centre for Diffraction Data, edited by, Frank McClune, 12 Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, Pennsylvania, 19073-3272.
12. ICDD (1990). " Powder Diffraction File., " International Centre for Diffraction Data, edited by, Frank McClune, 12 Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, Pennsylvania, 19073-3272.
13. ICDD (1993). " Powder Diffraction File., " International Centre for Diffraction Data, edited by, Frank McClune, 12 Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, Pennsylvania, 19073-3272.
14. Kizuka, T., Ichinose, H. and Ishida, Y. (1994). " Structure and Mechanical Properties of Nanocrystalline AgMgO Composites., " J. Mater. Sci. 29, 3107-3112.
15. Koper, O. B., Klabunde, J. S., Marchin, G. L., Klabunde, K. J., Stoimenov, P., and Bohra, L. (2002). " Nanoscale Powders and Formulations with Biocidal Activity Toward Spores and Vegetative Cells of Bacillus Species, Viruses, and Toxins., " Curr. Microbiol. 44, 49-55.
16. Krill, C. E. and Birringer, R. (1998). " Estimating Grain-Size Distributions in Nanocrystalline Materials from X-ray Diffraction Profile Analysis., " Philos. Mag. A 77, 621-640.
17. Langford, J. I., Louër, D., and Scardi, P. (2000). " Effect of a Crystallite Size Distribution on X-ray Diffraction Line Profiles and Whole-Powder-Pattern Fitting., " J. Appl. Crystallogr. 33, 964-974.
18. Larson, A. C. and Dreele, R. B. V. (1994). " General Structure Analysis System (GSAS)., " Los Alamos National Laboratory Report LAUR 86-748.
19. Louër, D. and Audebrand, N. (2002). " Microstructure Analysis of Nanocrystalline Powders by X-ray Diffraction., " Acta Phys. Pol. A 102, 45-56.
20. Lowenstam, H. A. and Weiner, S. (1983). " Mineralization and the Evolution of Biomineralization., " in Biomineralization and Biological Metal Accumulation (D. Reidel Publishing Co., Hingham, MA), pp. 191-203.
21. Mann, S. and Ozin, G. A. (1996). " Synthesis of Inorganic Materials with Complex Form., " Nature (London) 382, 313-318.
22. Martin-Jezequel, V., Hildbrand, M., and Brzezinski, M. A. (2000). " Silicon Metabolism in Diatoms: Implications for Growth., " J. Phycol. 36, 821-840.
23. Nakayama, T., Kim, B.-S., Kondo, H., Choa, Y.-H., Sekine, T., Nagashima, M., Kusunose, T., Hayashi, Y., and Niihara, K. (2004). " Fabrication of MgO-based Nanocomposites with Multifunctionality., " J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 24, 259-264.
24. Parkinson, J. and Gordon, R. (1999). " Beyond Micromachining: The Potential of Diatoms., " Trends Biotechnol. 17, 190-196.
25. Rabani, E., Reichman, D. R., Geissler, P. L., and Brus, L. E. (2003). " Drying-Mediated Self-Assembly of Nanoparticles., " Nature (London) 426, 271-274.
26. Round, F. E., Crawford, R. M., and Mann, D. G. (1990). The Diatoms: Biology & Morphology of the Genera (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England).
27. Sandhage, K. H., Dickerson, M. B., Huseman, P. M., Zalar, F. M., Rondon, M. R., and Sandhage, E. C. (2002a). " A Novel Hybrid Route to Chemically-Tailored, Three-Dimensional Oxide Nanostructures: The BaSIC (Bioclastic and Shape-Preserving Inorganic Conversion) Process., " Ceram. Eng. Sci. Proc. 23, 653-664.
28. Sandhage, K. H., Dickerson, M. B., Huseman, P. M., Caranna, M. A., Clifton, J. D., Bull, T. A., Heibel, T. J., Overton, W. R., and Schoenwaelder, M. E. A. (2002b). " Novel, Bioclastic Route to Self-Assembled, 3-D, Chemically Tailored Meso/ Nanostructures: Shape-Preserving Reactive Conversion of Biosilica (Diatom) Microshells., " Adv. Mater. (Weinheim, Ger.) 14, 429-433.
29. Sandhage, K. H., Snyder, R. L., Ahmad, G., Allan, S. M., Cai, Y., Dickerson, M. B., Gaddis, C. S., Haluska, M. S., Shian, S., Weatherspoon, M. R., Rapp, R. A., Unocic, R. R., Zalar, F. M., Zhang, Y., Hildebrand, M., and Palenik, B. P. (2005). " Merging Biological Self-Assembly with Synthetic Chemical Tailoring: the Potential for 3-D Genetically-Engineered Micro/Nanodevices (3-D GEMS)., " Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. 2, 317-326.
30. Stark, J. V., Park, D. G., Lagadic, I., and Klabunde, K. J. (1996). " Nanoscale Metal Oxide Particles/Clusters as Chemical Reagents. Unique Surface Chemistry on Magnesium Oxide as Shown by Enhanced Adsorption of Acid Gases (Sulfur Dioxide and Carbon Dioxide) and Pressure Dependence., " Chem. Mater. 8, 1904-1912.
31. Storhoff, J. J., Mucic, R. C., and Mirkin, C. A. (1997). " Strategies for Organizing Nanoparticles into Aggregate Structures and Functional Materials., " J. Cluster Sci. 8, 179-216.
32. Toby, B. H. (2001). " EXPGUI, a Graphical User Interface for GSAS., " J. Appl. Crystallogr. 34, 210-213.
33. Unocic, R. R., Zalar, F. M., Sarosi, P. M., Cai, Y., and Sandhage, K. H. (2004). " Anatase Assemblies from Algae: Coupling Biological Self-Assembly of 3-D Nanoparticle Structures with Synthetic Reaction Chemistry., " Chem. Commun. (Cambridge) 7, 796-797.
34. Warren, B. E. and Averbach, B. L. (1950). " The Effect of Cold-Work Distortion on X-ray Patterns., " J. Appl. Phys. 21, 595-598.
35. Warren, B. E. and Averbach, B. L. (1952). " The Separation of Cold-Work Distortion and Particle-Size Broadening in X-ray Patterns., " J. Appl. Phys. 23, 497.
36. Weatherspoon, M. R., Allan, S. M., Hunt, E., Cai, Y., and Sandhage, K. H. (2005). " Sol-Gel Synthesis on Self-Replicating Single-Cell Scaffolds: Applying Complex Chemistries to Nature's 3-D Nanostructured Templates., " Chem. Commun. (Cambridge), 1359-7345 651-653.
37. Zhao, J., Gaddis, C. S., Cai, Y., and Sandhage, K. H. (2005). " Free-Standing Microscale Structures of Zirconia Nanocrystals with Biologically Replicable 3-D Shapes., " J. Mater. Res. 20, 282-287.