메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 4, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 289-308

Development and validation of an instrument for assessing distance education learning environments in higher education: The Distance Education Learning Environments Survey (DELES)

Author keywords

Asynchronous learning; DELES; Distance education; Distance learning; Evaluation; Psychosocial learning environment

Indexed keywords


EID: 28844454314     PISSN: 15687759     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10984-005-1568-3     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (13)

References (67)
  • 1
    • 11844286350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of multitrait-multimethod modelling to validate actual and preferred forms of the Technology-Rich Outcomes-Focused Learning Environment Inventory (TROFLEI)
    • Aldridge, J. M., Dorman, J. P., & Fraser, B. J. (2004). Use of multitrait-multimethod modelling to validate actual and preferred forms of the Technology-Rich Outcomes-Focused Learning Environment Inventory (TROFLEI). Australian Journal of Educational and Development Psychology, 4, 110-125.
    • (2004) Australian Journal of Educational and Development Psychology , vol.4 , pp. 110-125
    • Aldridge, J.M.1    Dorman, J.P.2    Fraser, B.J.3
  • 3
    • 0033084380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individual study, interactive multimedia, or cooperative learning: Which best supplements lecture-based distance education?
    • Boling, N. C., & Robinson, D. H. (1999). Individual study, interactive multimedia, or cooperative learning: Which best supplements lecture-based distance education? Journal of Educational Psychology, 91, 169-174.
    • (1999) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.91 , pp. 169-174
    • Boling, N.C.1    Robinson, D.H.2
  • 4
    • 28844442395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (May). Paper presented at the Sixth Annual Teaching in the Community Colleges Online Conference, Kapi'olani Community College and University of Hawaii. Retrieved September 28, 2004
    • Butler, S. M. (2001, May). Creating a constructivist on-line learning environment. Paper presented at the Sixth Annual Teaching in the Community Colleges Online Conference, Kapi'olani Community College and University of Hawaii. Retrieved September 28, 2004, from http://leahi.kcc.hawaii.edu/org/tcon01/papers/butler.html
    • (2001) Creating a Constructivist On-line Learning Environment
    • Butler, S.M.1
  • 5
    • 28844455678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new learning instrument to evaluate online learning in higher education
    • M. Kulske & A. Herrmann (Eds.). Perth, Australia: Curtin University of Technology
    • Chang, V., & Fisher, D. L. (2001a). A new learning instrument to evaluate online learning in higher education. In M. Kulske & A. Herrmann (Eds.), New horizons in university teaching and learning (pp. 23-34). Perth, Australia: Curtin University of Technology.
    • (2001) New Horizons in University Teaching and Learning , pp. 23-34
    • Chang, V.1    Fisher, D.L.2
  • 6
    • 0009966708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implementing the seven principles: Technology as the lever
    • (October). Retrieved September 28, 2004
    • Chickering, A. W., & Ehrmann, S. C. (1996, October). Implementing the seven principles: Technology as the lever. American Association for Higher Education Bulletin. Retrieved September 28, 2004, from http://www.aahebulletin.com/public/archive/ehrmann.asp
    • (1996) American Association for Higher Education Bulletin
    • Chickering, A.W.1    Ehrmann, S.C.2
  • 7
    • 3042682586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Editorial: Online postgraduate education: Some reflections
    • Retrieved September 28, 2004
    • Cookson, P. S. (2002). Editorial: Online postgraduate education: Some reflections. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 3. Retrieved September 28, 2004, from http://www.irrodl.org/content/v3.2/editorial.html
    • (2002) International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning , vol.3
    • Cookson, P.S.1
  • 8
    • 10044272461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carving a new path for distance education research
    • (March/April). Retrieved September 30, 2004
    • Diaz, D. P. (2000, March/April). Carving a new path for distance education research. The Technology Source. Retrieved September 30, 2004, from http://ts.mivu.org/default.asp? show=article&id=648
    • (2000) The Technology Source
    • Diaz, D.P.1
  • 9
    • 84993027947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Students' learning styles in two classes: Online distance learning and equivalent on-campus
    • Diaz, D. P., & Cartnal, R. B. (1999). Students' learning styles in two classes: Online distance learning and equivalent on-campus. College Teaching, 47, 130-135.
    • (1999) College Teaching , vol.47 , pp. 130-135
    • Diaz, D.P.1    Cartnal, R.B.2
  • 10
    • 3543035833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-national validation of the What is Happening in This Class? (WIHIC) questionnaire using confirmatory factor analysis
    • Dorman, J. P. (2003). Cross-national validation of the What Is Happening In This Class? (WIHIC) questionnaire using confirmatory factor analysis. Learning Environments Research, 6, 231-245.
    • (2003) Learning Environments Research , vol.6 , pp. 231-245
    • Dorman, J.P.1
  • 11
    • 1242312417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indicators of support in online interaction
    • Retrieved September 28, 2004
    • Fahy, P. J. (2003). Indicators of support in online interaction. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 4. Retrieved September 28, 2004, from http://www.irrodl.org/content/v4.1/fahy.html
    • (2003) International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning , vol.4
    • Fahy, P.J.1
  • 12
    • 0344669817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The classroom systems observation scale: Development of an instrument to assess classrooms using a systems perspective
    • Fish, M. C., & Dane, E. (2000). The classroom systems observation scale: Development of an instrument to assess classrooms using a systems perspective. Learning Environments Research, 3, 67-92.
    • (2000) Learning Environments Research , vol.3 , pp. 67-92
    • Fish, M.C.1    Dane, E.2
  • 13
    • 0003820078 scopus 로고
    • Melbourne, Australia: Australian Council for Educational Research
    • Fraser, B. J. (1981). Test of science-related attitudes. Melbourne, Australia: Australian Council for Educational Research.
    • (1981) Test of Science-related Attitudes
    • Fraser, B.J.1
  • 15
    • 28844454676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Classroom environments
    • H. J. Walberg & G. D. Haertel (Eds.). Berkeley, CA: McCutchan Publishing
    • Fraser, B. J. (1997). Classroom environments. In H. J. Walberg & G. D. Haertel (Eds.), Psychology and educational practice (pp. 323-341). Berkeley, CA: McCutchan Publishing.
    • (1997) Psychology and Educational Practice , pp. 323-341
    • Fraser, B.J.1
  • 16
    • 0002586313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Classroom environment instruments: Development, validity and applications
    • Fraser, B. J. (1998a). Classroom environment instruments: Development, validity and applications. Learning Environments Research, 1, 7-33.
    • (1998) Learning Environments Research , vol.1 , pp. 7-33
    • Fraser, B.J.1
  • 17
    • 0001720495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Science learning environments: Assessment, effects and determinants
    • B. J. Fraser & K. G. Tobin (Eds.). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer
    • Fraser, B. J. (1998b). Science learning environments: Assessment, effects and determinants. In B. J. Fraser & K. G. Tobin (Eds.), International handbook of science education (pp. 527-564). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer.
    • (1998) International Handbook of Science Education , pp. 527-564
    • Fraser, B.J.1
  • 18
    • 4344583711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning environments research: Yesterday, today and tomorrow
    • S. C. Goh & M. S. Khine (Eds.). River Edge, NJ: World Scientific
    • Fraser, B. J. (2002a). Learning environments research: Yesterday, today and tomorrow. In S. C. Goh & M. S. Khine (Eds.), Studies in educational learning environments: An international perspective (pp. 1-25). River Edge, NJ: World Scientific.
    • (2002) Studies in Educational Learning Environments: An International Perspective , pp. 1-25
    • Fraser, B.J.1
  • 21
    • 0002723046 scopus 로고
    • Science laboratory classroom environments at schools and universities: A cross-national study
    • Fraser, B., & McRobbie, C. (1995). Science laboratory classroom environments at schools and universities: A cross-national study. Educational Research and Evaluation, 1, 289-317.
    • (1995) Educational Research and Evaluation , vol.1 , pp. 289-317
    • Fraser, B.1    McRobbie, C.2
  • 22
    • 0035219231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "We're living what we're learning": Student perspectives in distance learning degree and certification programs in public health
    • Frederick, J., Cannon, M. M., Umble, K. E., Steckler, A., & Shay, S. (2001). "We're living what we're learning": Student perspectives in distance learning degree and certification programs in public health. Journal of Public Health Management and Practice, 7, 49-60.
    • (2001) Journal of Public Health Management and Practice , vol.7 , pp. 49-60
    • Frederick, J.1    Cannon, M.M.2    Umble, K.E.3    Steckler, A.4    Shay, S.5
  • 23
    • 28844495653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factor analysis
    • Retrieved December 4, 2004
    • Garson, G. D. (2004). Factor analysis. In StatNotes: An online textbook (main topics). Retrieved December 4, 2004, from http://www2.chass.ncsu.edu/garson/pa765/statnote.htm
    • (2004) StatNotes: An Online Textbook (Main Topics)
    • Garson, G.D.1
  • 25
    • 3042624145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • If it ain't broke, improve it: Thoughts on engaging education for us all
    • Retrieved September 30, 2004
    • Gilbert, S. W. (2004). If it ain't broke, improve it: Thoughts on engaging education for us all. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 8(1). Retrieved September 30, 2004, from http://www.sloan-c.org/publications/jaln/v8n1/v8n1_gilbert.asp
    • (2004) Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks , vol.8 , Issue.1
    • Gilbert, S.W.1
  • 27
    • 0034257493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of gender and collaboration on college students' performance on a Piagetian spatial task
    • Golbeck, S. L., & Sinagra, K. (2000). Effects of gender and collaboration on college students' performance on a Piagetian spatial task. The Journal of Experimental Education, 69, 22+.
    • (2000) The Journal of Experimental Education , vol.69 , pp. 22
    • Golbeck, S.L.1    Sinagra, K.2
  • 28
    • 3042533924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Academic redesign: Accomplishing more with less
    • Retrieved September 30, 2004
    • Graves, W. H. (2004). Academic redesign: Accomplishing more with less. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 8(1). Retrieved September 30, 2004, from http://www.sloan-c.org/publications/jaln/v8n1/v8n1_graves.asp
    • (2004) Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks , vol.8 , Issue.1
    • Graves, W.H.1
  • 29
    • 22944436106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Knowledge management a new game in higher education: A discussion paper on the new trends of technology influencing the higher education landscape
    • Proceedings, 11th Annual Teaching Learning Forum, 5-6 February 2002. Perth, Australia: Edith Cowan University. Abstract retrieved December 3, 2004
    • Gururajan, V. (2002). Knowledge management a new game in higher education: A discussion paper on the new trends of technology influencing the higher education landscape. In Focusing on the student. Proceedings, 11th Annual Teaching Learning Forum, 5-6 February 2002. Perth, Australia: Edith Cowan University. Abstract retrieved December 3, 2004, from http://lsn.curtin.edu.au/tlf/tlf2002/abstracts/gururajan-abs.html
    • (2002) Focusing on the Student
    • Gururajan, V.1
  • 30
    • 0040273396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring the effects of distance education on the learning experience: Teaching accounting via PictureTel
    • Harnar, M. A., Brown, S. W., & Mayall, H. J. (2000). Measuring the effects of distance education on the learning experience: Teaching accounting via PictureTel. International Journal of Instructional Media, 27, 37-49.
    • (2000) International Journal of Instructional Media , vol.27 , pp. 37-49
    • Harnar, M.A.1    Brown, S.W.2    Mayall, H.J.3
  • 31
    • 28844487962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Issues in the evaluation of large-scale two-way interactive distance learning systems
    • Harnish, D., & Reeves, P. (2000). Issues in the evaluation of large-scale two-way interactive distance learning systems. International Journal of Educational Telecommunications, 6, 267-281.
    • (2000) International Journal of Educational Telecommunications , vol.6 , pp. 267-281
    • Harnish, D.1    Reeves, P.2
  • 32
    • 3042672906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On-line collaborative learning environments
    • Retrieved September 28, 2004
    • Hartley, R. (2000). On-line collaborative learning environments. Educational Technology & Society, 3(3). Retrieved September 28, 2004, from http://ifets.ieee.org/periodical/ vol_3_2000/hartley.html
    • (2000) Educational Technology & Society , vol.3 , Issue.3
    • Hartley, R.1
  • 33
    • 0014072888 scopus 로고
    • Comparative validity of different strategies of constructing personality inventory scales
    • Hase, H. D., & Goldberg, L. R. (1967). Comparative validity of different strategies of constructing personality inventory scales. Psychological Bulletin, 67, 231-248.
    • (1967) Psychological Bulletin , vol.67 , pp. 231-248
    • Hase, H.D.1    Goldberg, L.R.2
  • 34
    • 28844468538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (May). Paper presented at Sixth Annual Teaching in the Community Colleges Online Conference, Kapi'olani Community College & University of Hawaii. Retrieved September 28, 2004
    • Ho, C. P., & Tabata, L. N. (2001, May). Strategies for designing online courses to engage student learning. Paper presented at Sixth Annual Teaching in the Community Colleges Online Conference, Kapi'olani Community College & University of Hawaii. Retrieved September 28, 2004, from http://leahi.kcc.hawaii.edu/org/tcon01/papers/ho.html
    • (2001) Strategies for Designing Online Courses to Engage Student Learning
    • Ho, C.P.1    Tabata, L.N.2
  • 35
    • 27944476801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Student perceptions as distance learners in Internet-based courses
    • Howland, J. L., & Moore, J. L. (2002). Student perceptions as distance learners in Internet-based courses. Distance Education, 23, 183-195.
    • (2002) Distance Education , vol.23 , pp. 183-195
    • Howland, J.L.1    Moore, J.L.2
  • 39
    • 3042677999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Best online instructional practices: Report of phase I of an ongoing study
    • Retrieved September 30, 2004
    • Keeton, M. T. (2004). Best online instructional practices: Report of phase I of an ongoing study. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 8(2). Retrieved September 30, 2004, from http://www.sloan-c.org/publications/jaln/v8n2/v8n2_keeton.asp
    • (2004) Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks , vol.8 , Issue.2
    • Keeton, M.T.1
  • 40
    • 28844440510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study of learning environment for improving science
    • S. C. Goh & M. S. Khine (Eds.). River Edge, NJ: World Scientific
    • Khine, M. S. (2002). Study of learning environment for improving science. In S. C. Goh & M. S. Khine (Eds.), Studies in educational learning environments: An international perspective (pp. 131-151). River Edge, NJ: World Scientific.
    • (2002) Studies in Educational Learning Environments: An International Perspective , pp. 131-151
    • Khine, M.S.1
  • 41
    • 0002014111 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of learning in science
    • B. S. Bloom, J. T. Hastings, & G. F. Madaus (Eds.). New York: McGraw-Hill
    • Klopfer, L. E. (1971). Evaluation of learning in science. In B. S. Bloom, J. T. Hastings, & G. F. Madaus (Eds.), Handbook on summative and formative evaluation of student learning (pp. 559-641). New York: McGraw-Hill.
    • (1971) Handbook on Summative and Formative Evaluation of Student Learning , pp. 559-641
    • Klopfer, L.E.1
  • 42
    • 0012526431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The sociability of computer-supported collaborative learning environments
    • Kreijns, K., Kirschner, P. A., & Jochems, W. (2002). The sociability of computer-supported collaborative learning environments. Educational Technology & Society, 5, 8-22.
    • (2002) Educational Technology & Society , vol.5 , pp. 8-22
    • Kreijns, K.1    Kirschner, P.A.2    Jochems, W.3
  • 43
    • 0002283875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Editorial: Assessing students' understanding of science
    • Kyle, W. C. (1997). Editorial: Assessing students' understanding of science. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 34, 851-852.
    • (1997) Journal of Research in Science Teaching , vol.34 , pp. 851-852
    • Kyle, W.C.1
  • 44
    • 28844443955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Computer-mediated communication and foreign language learning via telecommunication technology
    • B. Collis & R. Oliver (Eds.). Seattle, WA, June 19-24, 1999 Charlottesville, VA: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education
    • Leh, A. (1999). Computer-mediated communication and foreign language learning via telecommunication technology. In B. Collis & R. Oliver (Eds.), Proceedings of Ed-Media 1999: World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia, and Telecommunications, Seattle, WA, June 19-24, 1999 (pp. 68-73). Charlottesville, VA: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education.
    • (1999) Proceedings of Ed-media 1999: World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia, and Telecommunications , pp. 68-73
    • Leh, A.1
  • 45
    • 28844508770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quality distance education: Appropriate interdependent and collaborative environments
    • R. Ham & J. Woosley (Eds.). College Station, TX: Center for Distance Learning Research
    • Levine, J. (2003). Quality distance education: Appropriate interdependent and collaborative environments. In R. Ham & J. Woosley (Eds.), Proceedings of the 10th Annual International Distance Education Conference (pp. 18-1-18-5). College Station, TX: Center for Distance Learning Research.
    • (2003) Proceedings of the 10th Annual International Distance Education Conference , pp. 181-185
    • Levine, J.1
  • 46
    • 28844459487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The 'effectiveness' debate: What we know about the quality of distance learning in the U.S.
    • Merisotis, J. P., & Olsen, J. K. (2000). The 'effectiveness' debate: What we know about the quality of distance learning in the U.S. TechKnowLogia, 2, 42-44.
    • (2000) TechKnowLogia , vol.2 , pp. 42-44
    • Merisotis, J.P.1    Olsen, J.K.2
  • 48
    • 32144445819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Issues and trends in instructional technology
    • R. M. Branch & M. A. Fitzgerald (Eds.). Englewood, CO: Libraries Unlimited
    • Molenda, M., & Harris, P. (2001). Issues and trends in instructional technology. In R. M. Branch & M. A. Fitzgerald (Eds.), Educational media and technology yearbook (Vol. 26, pp. 3-15). Englewood, CO: Libraries Unlimited.
    • (2001) Educational Media and Technology Yearbook , vol.26 , pp. 3-15
    • Molenda, M.1    Harris, P.2
  • 49
    • 28844499174 scopus 로고
    • Systems for the assessment and classification of human environments: An overview
    • R. H. Moos & P. M. Insel (Eds.). Palo Alto, CA: National Press Books
    • Moos, R. H. (1974). Systems for the assessment and classification of human environments: An overview. In R. H. Moos & P. M. Insel (Eds.), Issues in social, ecology: Human milieus (pp. 5-29). Palo Alto, CA: National Press Books.
    • (1974) Issues in Social, Ecology: Human Milieus , pp. 5-29
    • Moos, R.H.1
  • 51
    • 27944482467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is enough too much? the dilemma for online distance learner supporters
    • Retrieved September 28, 2004
    • Morgan, C. K., & McKenzie, A. D. (2003). Is enough too much? The dilemma for online distance learner supporters. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 4. Retrieved September 28, 2004, from http://www.irrodl.org/content/ v4.1/mckenzie_morgan.html
    • (2003) International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning , vol.4
    • Morgan, C.K.1    McKenzie, A.D.2
  • 52
    • 28844461207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (May). Paper presented at the Sixth Annual Teaching in the Community Colleges Online Conference, Kapi'olani Community College & University of Hawaii. Retrieved September 30, 2004
    • Morihara, B. (2001, May). Practice and pedagogy in university web teaching. Paper presented at the Sixth Annual Teaching in the Community Colleges Online Conference, Kapi'olani Community College & University of Hawaii. Retrieved September 30, 2004, from http://leahi.kcc.hawaii.edu/org/tcon01/papers/morihara.html
    • (2001) Practice and Pedagogy in University Web Teaching
    • Morihara, B.1
  • 53
    • 27944460667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using Web tools, collaboration, and learning online
    • Murphy, K. L., & Cifuentes, L. (2001). Using Web tools, collaboration, and learning online. Distance Education, 22, 285-305.
    • (2001) Distance Education , vol.22 , pp. 285-305
    • Murphy, K.L.1    Cifuentes, L.2
  • 54
    • 28844472613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (May). Keynote address presented at the Sixth Annual Teaching in the Community Colleges Online Conference, Kapi'olani Community College & University of Hawaii. Retrieved September 30, 2004
    • Nader, N. A. (2001, May). What do you want to be when you grow up? Keynote address presented at the Sixth Annual Teaching in the Community Colleges Online Conference, Kapi'olani Community College & University of Hawaii. Retrieved September 30, 2004, from http://leahi.kcc.hawaii.edu/org/tcon01/greetings/nader.html
    • (2001) What do You Want to be When You Grow up?
    • Nader, N.A.1
  • 55
    • 22944484383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is virtual education for real? Issues of quality and accreditation
    • Olsen, J. K. (2000). Is virtual education for real? Issues of quality and accreditation. TechKnowLogia, 2(1), 16-18.
    • (2000) TechKnowLogia , vol.2 , Issue.1 , pp. 16-18
    • Olsen, J.K.1
  • 56
    • 3042596096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effectiveness of Web-based instruction: An initial inquiry
    • Retrieved September 28, 2004
    • Olsen, T. M., & Wisher, R. A. (2002). The effectiveness of Web-based instruction: An initial inquiry. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 3. Retrieved September 28, 2004, from http://www.irrodl.org/content/v3.2/olsen.html
    • (2002) International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning , vol.3
    • Olsen, T.M.1    Wisher, R.A.2
  • 57
    • 2942610970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The development of social climate in virtual learning discussion groups
    • (April). Retrieved September 28, 2004
    • Oren, A., Mioduser, D., & Nachmias, R. (2002, April). The development of social climate in virtual learning discussion groups. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 3. Retrieved September 28, 2004, from http://www.irrodl.org/ content/v3.1/mioduser.html
    • (2002) International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning , vol.3
    • Oren, A.1    Mioduser, D.2    Nachmias, R.3
  • 58
    • 1542310610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure and discourse in telematic learning environment
    • Retrieved June 12, 2001
    • Owen, M. (2000). Structure and discourse in telematic learning environment. Education Technology & Society, 3(3). Retrieved June 12, 2001, from http://ifets.ieee.org/periodical/vol_3_2000/b04.html
    • (2000) Education Technology & Society , vol.3 , Issue.3
    • Owen, M.1
  • 60
    • 28844480574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (May). Paper presented at the Sixth Annual Teaching in the Community Colleges Online Conference, Kapi'olani Community College & University of Hawaii. Retrieved September 30, 2004
    • Park-Kim, K. (2001, May). Improving interactivity in online courses. Paper presented at the Sixth Annual Teaching in the Community Colleges Online Conference, Kapi'olani Community College & University of Hawaii. Retrieved September 30, 2004, from http://leahi.kcc.hawaii.edu/org/tcon01/papers/park-kim.html
    • (2001) Improving Interactivity in Online Courses
    • Park-Kim, K.1
  • 61
    • 28844481551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Panel discussion: Online education - Are universities prepared?
    • Proceedings of a conference held 15-16 February 2001 at Griffith University Gold Coast Campus Canberra, Australia: Department of Education, Training, and Youth Affairs. Retrieved December 3, 2004
    • Spender, D. (2001). Panel discussion: Online education - are universities prepared? In Online learning in a borderless market. Proceedings of a conference held 15-16 February 2001 at Griffith University Gold Coast Campus (pp. 21-27). Canberra, Australia: Department of Education, Training, and Youth Affairs. Retrieved December 3, 2004, from http://www.dest.gov.au/archive/highered/eippubs/eip01_7/01_7.pdf
    • (2001) Online Learning in a Borderless Market , pp. 21-27
    • Spender, D.1
  • 62
    • 0012577493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Virtual interaction: Design factors affecting student satisfaction and perceived learning in asynchronous online courses
    • Swan, K. (2001). Virtual interaction: Design factors affecting student satisfaction and perceived learning in asynchronous online courses. Distance Education, 22, 306-331.
    • (2001) Distance Education , vol.22 , pp. 306-331
    • Swan, K.1
  • 63
    • 28844464459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Catalysing changes in research on learning environments: Regional editor's introduction
    • Tobin, K. (2000). Catalysing changes in research on learning environments: Regional editor's introduction. Learning Environments Research, 2, 223-224.
    • (2000) Learning Environments Research , vol.2 , pp. 223-224
    • Tobin, K.1
  • 64
    • 0040325829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Qualitative and quantitative landscapes of classroom learning environments
    • B. J. Fraser & K. G. Tobin (Eds.). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer
    • Tobin, K., & Fraser, B. J. (1998). Qualitative and quantitative landscapes of classroom learning environments. In B. J. Fraser & K. G. Tobin (Eds.), International handbook of science education (pp. 623-640). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer.
    • (1998) International Handbook of Science Education , pp. 623-640
    • Tobin, K.1    Fraser, B.J.2
  • 66
    • 85009578089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning environments in information and communications technology classrooms
    • Zandvliet, D. B., & Fraser, B. J. (2004). Learning environments in information and communications technology classrooms. Technology, Pedagogy and Education, 13(1), 97-124.
    • (2004) Technology, Pedagogy and Education , vol.13 , Issue.1 , pp. 97-124
    • Zandvliet, D.B.1    Fraser, B.J.2
  • 67
    • 28844443572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fort Myers, FL: Gulf Coast University, Office of Instructional Technology
    • Zhu, E., & McKnight, R. (Eds.) (2001). Principles of online design. Fort Myers, FL: Gulf Coast University, Office of Instructional Technology.
    • (2001) Principles of Online Design
    • Zhu, E.1    McKnight, R.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.