Reverse epidemiology: Paradoxical observations in haemodialysis patients

Netherlands Journal of Medicine

Volumn 63, Issue 10, 2005, Pages 376-381

  Nurmohamed, S A ^a   Nube M J ^a  

^a VU UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Cardiovascular disease; Chronic renal failure; Haemodialysis; Reverse epidemiology

Indexed keywords

ADVANCED GLYCATION END PRODUCT; C REACTIVE PROTEIN; HOMOCYSTEINE;

BODY MASS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; HEMODIALYSIS; HUMAN; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; HYPERTENSION; KIDNEY FAILURE; MALNUTRITION; MORTALITY; OBESITY; POPULATION RESEARCH; PROGNOSIS; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE; SURVIVAL RATE;

BLOOD PRESSURE; BODY MASS INDEX; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CHOLESTEROL; GLYCOSYLATION END PRODUCTS, ADVANCED; HOMOCYSTEINE; HUMANS; HYPERLIPIDEMIAS; HYPERTENSION, RENAL; HYPOTENSION; KIDNEY FAILURE, CHRONIC; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 28444446594     PISSN: 03002977     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (52)

1. Kenchaiah SE, Evans JC, Levy D et al. Obesity and the risk of heart failure. N Engl J Med 2002;347:305-13.
2. Sarnak MJ, Levey AS, Schoolwerth AC et al. Kidney disease as a risk factor for development of cardiovascular disease. Circulation 2003;108:2154-69.
3. Nubé MJ, Vervloet MG. Proatherogene veranderingen door hemodialyse: mogelijk een gevolg van bio-incompatibiliteit. Ned Tijdschr Geneesk 2000;53:2540-3.
4. Foley RN, Parfrey PS, Sarnak MJ. Cardiovascular disease in chronic renal disease. Am J Kidney Dis 1998;5:S112-9.
5. Fleischmann EH, Bower JD, Salahudeen AK. Are conventional cardiovascular risk factors predictive of two-year mortality in hemodialysis patients. Clin Nephrol 2001;56:221-30.
6. Iseki KI, Yamazato M, Tozawa M, Takishita S. Hypocholesterolemia is a significant predictor of death in a cohort of chronic hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int 2002;61:1887-93.
7. The Fifth Report of The Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of high blood pressure (JNCV). Arch Int Med 1993;153:154-83.
8. Tozawa M, Iseki K, Iseki C, Kinjo K, Ikemiya Y, Tashikita S. Blood pressure predicts risk of developing end-stage renal disease in men and woman. Hypertension 2003;41:1341-5.
9. Gavao de Lima JJ, Campos Vieira ML, Abensur H, Krieger EM. Baseline blood pressure and other variables influencing survival of patients without overt cardiovascular disease. Nephrol Dial Tranplant 2001;16:793-7.
10. Mailloux LU, Napolitano B, Belluci AG, Mossey RT, Vernace MA, Wilkes BM. The impact of co-morbid risk factors at the start of dialysis upon the survival of ERSD patients. ASAIO J 1996;42:164-9.
11. Salem MM. Hypertension in the hemodialysis population: any relationship to 2-years survival. Nephrol Dial Transpl 1999;14:125-8.
12. Zager PG, Nikoloic J, Brown RH et al. "U" curve association of blood pressure and mortality in hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int 1998;54;561-9.
13. Port FK, Hulbert-Shearon TE, Wolfe RA et al. Predialysis blood pressure and mortality risk in a national sample of maintenance hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 1999;33:507-17.
14. Takeda A, Toda T, Fujii T, Shinohara S, Sasaki S, Matsui N. Discordance of influence of hypertension on mortality and cardiovascular risk in hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney DiS. 2005;45:112-8.
15. Maru S, Van der Schouw YT, Gimbere CH, Grobbee DE, Peeters PH. Body mass index and short-term weight change in relation to mortality in Dutch woman after age 50 y. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;80:231-6.
16. Degoulet P, Legrain M, Reach I et al. Mortality risk factors in patients treated by chronic hemodialysis. Report of the Diaphane Collaborative Study. Nephron 1982;31:103-10.
17. Fleischman E, Teal N, Dudley J, May W, Bower JD, Salahudeen AK. Influence of excess weight on mortality and hospital stay in 1346 hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int 1999;55:1560-7.
18. Port FK, Ashby VB, Dhingra RK, Roys EC, Wolfe RA. Dialysis dose and body mass index are strongly associated with survival in hemodialysis patients. J Am Soc Nephrol 2002:13:1061-6.
19. Leavy SF, McCullough K, Hecking E, Goodkin D, Port FK, Young EW. Body mass index and mortality in healthier as compared with sicker haemodialysis patients: results from the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS). Nephrol Dial Transplant 2001:16:2386-94.
20. Kaizu Y, Tsunega Y, Yoneyama T et al. Overweight as another nutritional risk factor for the long-term survival of non-diabetic hemodialysis patients. Clin Nephrol 1998;50:44-50.
21. Salahudeen AK. Is it really good to be fat on dialysis? Nephrol Dial Transplant 2003;18:1248-52.
22. Fleischman EH, Bower JD, Salahudeen AK. Risk paradox in haemodialysis: better nutrition as a partial explanation. ASAIO J 2001;47:74-81.
23. Lowrie EG, Lew NLL. Death risk in hemodialysis patients: the predictive value of commonly measured variables and an evaluation of death rate differences between facilities. Am J Kidney Dis 1990;15:458-82.
24. Wolff G. After all those fat years: renal consequences of obesity. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2003;18:2471-4.
25. Engeli S, Schling P, Gorzelniak K et al. The adipose tissue-renin-angiotensin-aldosteron system: role in the metabolic syndrome? Int J Biochem Biol 2003;435:807-25.
26. Pekkanen J, Linn S, Heiss G et al. Ten-years mortality from cardiovascular disease in relation to cholesterol level among men with and without pre-existing cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med 1990;322:1700-7.
27. Lowrie EG. Acute-phase inflammatory process contributes to malnutrition, anemia, and possibly other abnormalities in dialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 1998;32:S105-12.
28. Ridker PM, Rifai NR, Rose L, Buring JE, Cook NR. Comparison of C-reactive protein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the prediction of first cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med 2002;347:1557-65.
29. Nishizawa Y, Shoji T, Kakiya R et al. Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) as a predictor of cardiovascular mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease. Kidney Int 2003;63(Suppl 84):117-20.
30. Kalantar-Zadeh K, Block G, Humphreys MH, Kopple D. Reverse epidemiology of cardiovascular risk factors in maintenance dialysis patients. Kidney Int 2003;63:793-808.
31. Zylberstein DE, Bengtsson C, Blorkelund C et al. Serum homocysteine in relation to mortality and morbidity from coronary heart disease. Circulation 2004;109:601-6.
32. Bostom AG, Shemin D, Verhoef P et al. Elevated fasting total plasma homocysteine levels and cardiovascular disease outcomes in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1997;17:2554-8.
33. Van Tellingen A, Grooteman MPC, Bartels PCM et al. Long-term reduction of plasma homocysteine levels by super-flux dialysers in hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int 2001;59:342-7.
34. Kalantar-Zadeh KK, Block G, Humphreys MH, McAllister CJ, Kopple JD. A low, rather than a high, total homocysteine is an indicator of poor outcome in hemodialysis patients. J Soc Am Nephrol 2004;15:442-53.
35. Sulliman ME, Lindholm B, Barany P, Bergstrom J. Hyperhomocysteimia in chronic renal failure patients: relation to nutrition status and cardiovascular disease. Clin Chem Lab Med 2001:39:734-8.
36. Mallamaci F, Zocalli C, Tripepi G et al. Hyperhomocysteinemia predicts cardiovascular outcomes in hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int 2002;61:609-14.
37. Nakamura Y, Horii Y, Nishino T et al. Immunohistochemical localization of AGEs in coronary atheroma and cardiac tissue in diabetes mellitus. Am J Pathol 1993;143:1649-55.
38. Smith MA, Taneda S, Richey PL. Advanced Maillard reaction end products are associated with Alzheimer disease pathology. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994;91:5710-4.
39. Makita Z, Bucala R, Rayfield EJ et al. Reactive glycoxylation end products in patients with diabetic uremia and treatment of renal failure. Lancet 1994;343:1519-22.
40. Van Tellingen A, Schalkwijk CG, Teerlink T et al. Influence of different haemodialysis modalities on AGE-peptide levels: intra-dialytic versus long-term results. Nephron Clin Pract 2005;100:1-7.
41. Schwedler SB, Metzger T, Schinkel R, Wanner C. Advanced glycation end products and mortality in hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int 2002;62:301-10.
42. Henle T, Deppisch R, Ritz E. The Maillard reaction-from food chemistry to uremia research. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1996;11:1718-21.
43. Kasiske BL. Cardiovascular disease after renal transplantation; Semin Nephrol 2000;20:176-87.
44. Keith DS, Nichols GA, Gullion CM, Brown JB, Smith DH. Longitudinal follow-up and outcomes among a population with chronic kidney disease in a large managed care organization. Arch Intern Med 2004;164:659-63.
45. Kronenberg F, Lingenhel A, Neyer U et al. Prevalence of dyslipidemic risk factors in hemodialysis and CAPD patients. Kidney Int 2003;Suppl 84:113-6.
46. Agarwal R, Nissenson AR, Batlle D, Coyne DW, Trout JR, Warnock DG. Prevalence, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients in the United States. Am J Med 2003;115:291-7.
47. Stenvinkel P, Heimburger O, Paultre F et al. Strong association between malnutrition, inflammation, and atherosclerosis in chronic renal failure. Kidney Int 1999;55:1899-911.
48. Bickel C, Rupprecht HJ, Blankenberg S et al. influence of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors on markers of coagulation, systemic inflammation and soluble cell adhesion. Int J Cardiol 2002;82:25-31.
49. Halkin A, Keren G. Potential indications for angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in atherosclerotic vascular disease. Am J Med 2002;112:126-34.
50. Chang JW, Yang WS, Min WK et al. Effects of simvastatin on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and serum albumin in hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 2002;39:1213-7.
51. Vernaglione L, Cristofano C, Muscogiuri P, Chimienti S. Does atorvastatin influence serum C-reactive protein levels in patients on long-term hemodialysis? Am J Kidney DiS 2004;43:471-8.
52. Wanner C, Krane V, Marz W, Olschewski M, Mann JFE, Ruf G, Ritz E. Atorvastatin in Patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Undergoing Haemodialysis. N Engl J Med 2005; 353:238-48.