Assessing the host disease status of wildlife and the implications for disease control: Mycobacterium bovis infection in feral ferrets

Journal of Applied Ecology

Volumn 42, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 708-719

  Caley, Peter ^a,b,c   Hone, Jim ^b  

^a LANDCARE RESEARCH   (New Zealand)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CANBERRA   (Australia)

^c The Australian National University   (Australia)

Author keywords

Bovine tuberculosis; Epidemiology; Maintenance host; Modelling; Mustela furo; Spill over host; Trichosurus vulpecula

Indexed keywords

BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS; DISEASE CONTROL; EPIDEMIOLOGY; HOST-PATHOGEN INTERACTION; MUSTELID; WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT;

AUSTRALASIA; NEW ZEALAND;

BOS TAURUS; BOVINAE; MUSTELA; MUSTELA FURO; MUSTELA PUTORIUS FURO; MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS; PHALANGERIDAE; TRICHOSURUS VULPECULA;

EID: 28244454569     PISSN: 00218901     EISSN: 13652664     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2005.01053.x     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. Anderson, R.M. (1981) Population ecology of infectious disease agents. Theoretical Ecology: Principles and Applications, 2nd edn (ed. R.M. May), pp. 318-355. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, UK.
2. Anderson, R.M. (1984) Strategies for the control of infectious disease agents. Pest and Pathogen Control: Strategic, Tactical, and Policy Models (ed. G.R. Conway), pp. 109-141. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, UK.
3. Anderson, R.M. & May, R.M. (1991) Infectious Diseases of Humans: Dynamics and Control. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
4. Anderson, R.M. & Trewhella, W. (1985) Population dynamics of the badger (Meles meles) and the epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis (Mycobacterium bovis). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London B, 310, 227-381.
5. Anderson, R.M., Jackson, H.C., May, R.M. & Smith, A.M. (1981) Population dynamics of fox rabies in Europe. Nature, 289, 765-771.
6. Barlow, N.D. (1991) A spatially aggregated disease-host model for bovine Tb in New Zealand possum populations. Journal of Applied Ecology, 28, 777-793.
7. Barlow, N.D. (2000) Non-linear transmission and simple models for bovine tuberculosis. Journal of Animal Ecology, 69, 703-713.
8. Barlow, N.D. & Norbury, G.L. (2001) A simple model for ferret population dynamics and control in semi-arid New Zealand habitats. Wildlife Research, 28, 87-94.
9. Begon, M., Bennett, M., Bowers, R.G., French, N.P., Hazel, S.M. & Turner, J. (2002) A clarification of transmission terms in host-microparasite models: numbers, densities and areas. Epidemiology and Infection, 129, 147-153.
10. Caley, P. (2001) Inference on the host status of feral ferrets (Mustela furo) in New Zealand for Mycobacterium bovis infection. PhD Thesis. University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia.
11. Caley, P. & Hone, J. (2002) Estimating the force of infection; Mycobacterium bovis infection in feral ferrets Mustela furo in New Zealand. Journal of Animal Ecology, 71, 44-54.
12. Caley, P. & Hone, J. (2004) Disease transmission between and within species, and the implications for disease control. Journal of Applied Ecology, 41, 94-104.
13. Caley, P. & Morley, C. (2002) Assessing growth rates of European rabbit populations using spotlight transect counts. Journal of Wildlife Management, 66, 131-137.
14. Caley, P. & Morriss, G. (2001) Summer/autumn movements, mortality rates and density of feral ferrets (Mustela furo) at a farmland site in North Canterbury, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Ecology, 25, 53-60.
15. Caley, P. & Ramsey, D. (2001) Estimating disease transmission in wildlife, with emphasis on leptospirosis and bovine Tb in possums, and effects of fertility control. Journal of Applied Ecology, 38, 1362-1370.
16. Caley, P., Hone, J. & Cowan, P.E. (2001) The relationship between prevalence of Mycobacterium bovis infection in feral ferrets and possum abundance. New Zealand Veterinary Journal, 49, 195-200.
17. Caley, P., McElrea, L. & Hone, J. (2002) Mortality rates of feral ferrets (Mustela furo) in New Zealand. Wildlife Research, 29, 323-328.
18. Cheeseman, C.L., Wilesmith, J.W. & Stuart, F.A. (1989) Tuberculosis: the disease and its epidemiology in the badger, a review. Epidemiology and Infection, 103, 113-125.
19. Cleaveland, S., Laurenson, M.K. & Taylor, L.H. (2001) Diseases of humans and their domestic mammals: pathogen characteristics, host range and the risk of emergence. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London B, 356, 991-999.
20. Coleman, J.D. & Caley, P. (2000) Possums as a reservoir of bovine Tb. The Brushtail Possum (ed. T.L. Montague), pp. 92-104. Manaaki Whenua Press, Lincoln.
21. Crawley, M.J. (2002) Statistical Computing: An Introduction to Data Analysis Using S-Plus. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester, UK.
22. Cross, M., Smale, A., Bettany, S., Numata, M., Nelson, D., Keedwell, R. & Ragg, J. (1998) Trap catch as a relative index of ferret (Mustela furo) abundance in a New Zealand pastoral habitat. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 25, 65-71.
23. De Vos, V., Bengis, R.G., Kriek, N.P.J., Michel, A., Keet, D.F., Raath, J.P. & Huchzermeyer, H.F.K.A. (2001) The epidemiology of tuberculosis in free-ranging African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 68, 119-130.
24. Delahay, R.J., De Leeuw, A.N.S., Barlow, A.M., Clifton-Hadley, R.S. & Cheeseman, C.L. (2002) The status of Mycobacterium bovis infection in UK wild mammals: a review. Veterinary Journal, 164, 90-105.
25. Dexter, N. (2003) Stochastic models of foot and mouth disease in feral pigs in the Australian semi-arid rangelands. Journal of Applied Ecology, 40, 293-306.
26. Dobson, A. & Foufopoulos, J. (2001) Emerging infectious pathogens of wildlife. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London B, 356, 1001-1012.
27. Dobson, A. & Meagher, M. (1996) The population dynamics of brucellosis in the Yellowstone National Park. Ecology, 77, 1026-1036.
28. Dye, C., Killick-Kendrick, R., Vitutia, M.M., Walton, R., Killick-Kendrick, M., Harith, A.E., Guy, M.W., Cañavate, M.-C. & Hasibeder, G. (1992) Epidemiology of canine leishmaniasis: prevalence, incidence and basic reproduction number calculated from a cross-sectional serological survey on the island of Gozo, Malta. Parasitology, 105, 35-41.
29. Ferguson, N.M., Donnelly, C.A. & Anderson, R.M. (2001) Transmission intensity and impact of control policies on the foot and mouth epidemic in Great Britain. Nature, 413, 542-548.
30. Grenfell, B.T. & Bolker, B.M. (1998) Cities and villages: infection hierarchies in a measles metapopulation. Ecology Letters, 1, 63-70.
31. Grue, H. & Jensen, B. (1979) Review of the formation of incremental lines in tooth cementum of terrestrial mammals. Danish Review of Game Biology, 11, 1-48.
32. Haydon, D.T., Cleaveland, S., Taylor, L.H. & Laurenson, M.K. (2002) Identifying reservoirs of infection: a conceptual and practical challenge. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 8, 1468-1473.
33. Hone, J. (1994) A mathematical model of detection and dynamics of porcine transmissible gastroenteritis. Epidemiology and Infection, 113, 187-197.
34. Hone, J., Pech, R. & Yip, P. (1992) Estimation of the dynamics and rate of transmission of classical swine fever (hog cholera) in wild pigs. Epidemiology and Infection, 108, 377-386.
35. Howard, S.C. & Donnelly, C.A. (2000) Estimation of a time-varying force of infection and basic reproduction number with application to an outbreak of classical swine fever. Journal of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 5, 161-168.
36. Keeling, M.J. & Gilligan, C.A. (2000) Metapopulation dynamics of bubonic plague. Nature, 407, 903-905.
37. Knell, R.J., Begon, M. & Thompson, D.J. (1998) Transmission of Plodia interpunctella granulosis virus does not conform to the mass action model. Journal of Animal Ecology, 67, 592-599.
38. Krebs, C.J. (1999) Ecological Methodology, 2nd edn. Benjamin Cummings, Menlo Park, CA.
39. Lavers, R.B. & Clapperton, B.K. (1990) Ferret. The Handbook of New Zealand Mammals (ed. C.M. King), pp. 320-330. Oxford University Press, Auckland, New Zealand.
40. Lee, E.T. (1992) Statistical Methods for Survival Data Analysis. John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, NY.
41. Lugton, I.W., Wobeser, G., Morris, R.S. & Caley, P. (1997) Epidemiology of Mycobacterium bovis infection in feral ferrets (Mustela furo) in New Zealand. II. Routes of infection and excretion. New Zealand Veterinary Journal, 45, 151-157.
42. McAuliffe, R.J. (2001) The role of scavenging in the spread of bovine tuberculosis in free-living ferret populations. MApplSc Thesis. Lincoln University, Lincoln, UK.
43. McCallum, H. & Singleton, G.R. (1989) Models to assess the potential of Capillaria hepatica to control population outbreaks of house mice. Parasitology, 98, 425-437.
44. McCallum, H., Barlow, N. & Hone, J. (2001) How should pathogen transmission be modelled? Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 16, 295-300.
45. McCarty, C.W. & Miller, M.W. (1998) A versatile model of disease transmission applied to forecasting bovine tuberculosis dynamics in white-tailed deer populations. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 34, 722-730.
46. Morley, C.G. (1999) The ecology and behaviour of feral ferrets (Mustela furo) in Canterbury farmland, New Zealand. PhD Thesis. University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
47. Morris, R.S., Pfeiffer, D.U. & Jackson, R. (1994) The epidemiology of Mycobacterium bovis infections. Veterinary Microbiology, 40, 153-177.
48. Muench, H. (1959) Catalytic Models in Epidemiology. Harvard University Press, Harvard, MA.
49. Nodelijk, G., De Jong, M.C.M., Van Nes, A., Vernooy, J.C.M., Van Leengoed, L.A.M.G., Pol, J.M.A. & Verheijden, J.H.M. (2000) Introduction, persistence and fade-out of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in a Dutch breeding herd: a mathematical analysis. Epidemiology and Infection, 124, 173-182.
50. Norbury, G.L., Norbury, D.C. & Heyward, R.P. (1998) Space use and denning behaviour of wild ferrets (Mustela furo) and cats (Felis catus). New Zealand Journal of Ecology, 22, 149-159.
51. Parkes, J.P., Norbury, G.L., Heyward, R.P. & Sullivan, G. (2002) Epidemiology of rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) in the South Island, New Zealand, 1997-2001. Wildlife Research, 29, 543-555.
52. Pech, R.P. & Hone, J. (1988) A model of the dynamics and control of an outbreak of foot and mouth disease in feral pigs in Australia. Journal of Applied Ecology, 25, 63-77.
53. Pech, R.P. & McIlroy, J.C. (1990) A model of the velocity of the advance of foot and mouth disease in feral pigs. Journal of Applied Ecology, 27, 635-650.
54. Qureshi, T., Labes, R.E., Cross, M.L., Griffin, J.F.T. & Mackintosh, C.G. (1999) Partial protection against oral challenge with Mycobacterium bovis in ferrets (Mustela furo) following oral vaccination with BCG. International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 3, 1025-1033.
55. Ragg, J.R. (1998) The denning behaviour of feral ferrets (Mustela furo) in a pastoral habitat, South Island, New Zealand. Journal of Zoology, London, 246, 471-477.
56. Ragg, J.R., Mackintosh, C.G. & Moller, H. (2000) The scavenging behaviour of ferrets (Mustela furo), feral cats (Felis domesticus), possums (Trichosurus vulpecula), hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) and harrier hawks (Circus approximans) on pastoral farmland in New Zealand: implications for bovine tuberculosis transmission. New Zealand Veterinary Journal, 48, 166-175.
57. Ragg, J.R., Moller, H. & Waldrup, K.A. (1995) The prevalence of bovine tuberculosis (Mycobacterium bovis) infections in feral populations of cats (Felis catus), ferrets (Mustela furo) and stoats (Mustela erminea) in Otago and Southland, New Zealand. New Zealand Veterinary Journal, 43, 333-337.
58. Rhodes, C.J., Atkinson, R.P.D., Anderson, R.M. & Macdonald, D.W. (1998) Rabies in Zimbabwe: reservoir dogs and the implications for disease control. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London B, 353, 999-1010.
59. Roberts, M.G. (1996) The dynamics of bovine tuberculosis in possum populations, and its eradication or control by culling or vaccination. Journal of Animal Ecology, 65, 451-464.
60. Rodwell, T.C., Kriek, N.P., Bengis, R.G., Whyte, I.J., Viljoen, P.C., de Vos, V. & Boyce, W.M. (2001) Prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in African buffalo at Kruger National Park. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 37, 258-264.
61. Seber, G.A.F. (1982) The Estimation of Animal Abundance and Related Parameters, 2nd edn. Griffin, London, UK.
62. Smith, G.C. (2001) Models of Mycobacterium bovis in wildlife and cattle. Tuberculosis, 81, 51-64.
63. Smith, G.P., Ragg, J.R., Moller, H. & Waldrup, K.A. (1995) Diet of feral ferrets (Mustela furo) from pastoral habitats in Otago and Southland, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 22, 363-369.
64. Swinton, J., Harwood, J., Grenfell, B.T. & Gilligan, C.A. (1998) Persistence thresholds for phocine distemper virus infection in harbour seal Phoca vitulina metapopulations. Journal of Animal Ecology, 67, 54-68.
65. Tompkins, D.M., Greenman, J.V., Roberston, P.A. & Hudson, P.J. (2000) The role of shared parasites in the exclusion of wildlife hosts: Heterakis gallinarum in the ring-necked pheasant and the grey partridge. Journal of Animal Ecology, 69, 829-840.
66. Walker, B. (1998) The art and science of wildlife management. Wildlife Research, 25, 1-9.