Social position affects bone mass in childhood through opposing actions on height and weight

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

Volumn 20, Issue 12, 2005, Pages 2082-2089

  Clark, Emma M ^a   Ness, Andy ^a   Tobias, Jon H ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL   (United Kingdom)

^b BRISTOL ROYAL INFIRMARY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Bone densitometry; Epidemiology; Growth and development; Population studies; Social patterning

Indexed keywords

ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT; AGE; ARTICLE; BODY FAT; BODY HEIGHT; BODY WEIGHT; BONE DENSITOMETRY; BONE GROWTH; BONE MASS; CHILD; CHILD GROWTH; FEMALE; GENDER; HOUSING; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; LEAN BODY WEIGHT; LINEAR REGRESSION ANALYSIS; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; MALE; NORMAL HUMAN; PARENT; POPULATION RESEARCH; RACE; SOCIAL ASPECT; SOCIAL CLASS;

BODY COMPOSITION; BODY HEIGHT; BODY WEIGHT; BONE AND BONES; BONE DENSITY; BONE DEVELOPMENT; CHILD; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; DENSITOMETRY, X-RAY; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; EMPLOYMENT; FATHERS; FEMALE; GREAT BRITAIN; HOUSING; HUMANS; MALE; MOTHERS; PREGNANCY; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; SEX FACTORS; SOCIAL CLASS; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS;

EID: 28144453773     PISSN: 08840431     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1359/JBMR.050808     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Hernandez CJ, Beaupre GS, Cater DR 2003 A theoretical analysis of the relative influences of peak BMD, age-related bone loss and menopause on the development of osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 14:843-847.
2. Bachrach LK 2001 Acquisition of optimal bone mass in childhood and adolescence. Trends Endocrinal Metab 12:22-28.
3. Petit MA, McKay HA, MacKelvie KJ, Heinonen A, Khan KM, Beck TJ 2002 A randomized school-based jumping intervention confers site and maturity-specific benefits on bone structural properties in girls: A hip structural analysis study. J Bone Miner Res 17:363-372.
4. Heaney RP, Abrams S, Dawson-Hughes B, Looker A, Marcus R, Matkovic V, Weaver C 2000 Peak bone mass. Osteoporos Int 11:985-1009.
5. Trost SG, Owen N, Bauman AE, Sallis JF, Brown W 2002 Correlates of adults' participation in physical activity: Review and update. Med Sci Sports Exerc 34:1996-2001.
6. Popkin BM 1999 Urbanisation, lifestyle changes and the nutrition transition. World Dev 27:1905-1916.
7. Syme LS, Berkman LF 1976 Social class, susceptibility and sickness. Am J Epidemiol 104:1-8.
8. Rona RJ 1981 Genetic and environmental factors in the control of growth in childhood. Br Med Bull 37:265-272.
9. Inanici-Ersoz F, Gokce-Kutsal YG, Oncel S, Eryavuz M, Peker O, Ok S 2002 A multicentre, case control study of risk factors for low tibial speed of sound among residents of urban areas in Turkey. Rheumatol Int 22:20-26.
10. Varenna M, Bineli L, Zucchi F, Ghiringhelli D, Gallazzi M, Sinigaglia L 1999 Prevalence of osteoporosis by educational level in a cohort of postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 9:236-241.
11. Gur A, Sarac AJ, Nas K, Cevik R 2004 The effect of educational level on BMD in postmenopausal women. BMC Fam Pract 5:18-32.
12. Pearson D, Taylor R, Masud T 2004 The relationship between social deprivation, osteoporosis and falls. Osteoporos Int 15:132-138.
13. Gardsell P, Johnell O, Nilsson BE, Sernbo I 1991 Bone mass in an urban and rural population: A comparative population-based study in southern Sweden. J Bone Miner Res 6:67-75.
14. Elliot JR, Gilchrist NL, Wells JE 1996 The effect of socioeconomic status on bone density in a male Caucasian population. Bone 18:371-373.
15. Meyers OL, Jessop S, Klemp P1982 The epidemiology of rheumatic diseases in a rural and urban population over the age of 65 years. S Afr Med J 62:403-405.
16. Golding J, Pembrey M, Jones R 2001 ALSPAC-The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children 1. Study methodology. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 15:74-87.
17. Tobias JH, Steer CD, Emmett PM, Tonkin RJ, Cooper C Ness AR and the ALSPAC study team 2005, Bone mass in childhood is related to maternal diet in pregnancy. Osteoporos Int (in press).
18. Thomas T, Burguera B 2002 Is leptin the link between fat and bone mass? J Bone Miner Res 17:1563-1569.
19. Petit MA, Beck TJ, Shults J, Zemel BS, Foster BJ, Leonard MB 2005 Proximal femur bone geometry is appropriately adapted to lean mass in overweight children and adolescents. Bone 36:568-576.
20. O'Dea JA, Caputi P 2003 Differences in overweight and obesity among Australian schoolchildren of low and middle/high socio-economic status. Health Educ Res 16:521-532.
21. Batty GD, Leon DA 2002 Socio-economic position and CHD risk factors in children and young people. Eur J Pub Health 12:263-272.
22. Rodriquez C, Regidor E, Gutierrez-Fisac JL 1995 Low birth weight in Spain associated with sociodemographic factors. J Epidemiol Commun Health 49:38-42.
23. Kramer MS, Seguin L, Lydon J, Goulet L 2000 Socio-economic disparities in pregnancy outcome: Why do the poor fare so poorly? Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 14:194-210.
24. Parker JD, Schoendorf KC, Kiely JL 1994 Associations between measures of socio-economic status and low birth weight, small for gestational age, and premature delivery in the US. Ann Epidemiol 4:271-278.
25. Koupilova I, Vagero D, Leon DA, Pikhart H, Prikazsky V, Holick J 1998 Social variation in size at birth and preterm delivery in the Czech Republic and Sweden. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 12:7-24.
26. Lee K, Jessop H, Suswillo R, Zaman G, Lanyon L 2003 Bone adaptation requires oestrogen receptor-alpha. Nature 424:389.
27. Schett G, Kiechl S, Bonora E, Redlich K, Woloszczuk W, Oberhollenzer F, Jocher J, Dorizzi R, Muggeo M, Smolen J, Willeit J 2004 Serum leptin level and the risk of nontraumatic fracture. Am J Med 117:952-956.
28. Livshits G, Yakovenko K, Kobyliansky E 2003 Quantitative genetic study of radiographic hand bone size and geometry. Osteoporos Int 14:476-483.
29. Lyons RA, Delahunty AM, Heaven M, McCabe M, Allen H, Nash P 2000 Incidence of childhood fractures in affluent and deprived areas: Population based study. Brit Med J 320:149.
30. Stark AD, Bennett GC, Stone DH, Chishti P 2002 Association between childhood fractures and poverty: Population based study. BMJ 324:457.
31. Morrison A, Stone DH, Redpath A, Campbell H 1999 Trends in socioeconomic differentials in childhood injury mortality in Scotland 1981-95. BMJ 318:567-568.
32. Riggs BL, Melton L Jr, Robb RA, Camp JJ, Atkinson EJ, Peterson JM, Rouleau PA, McCollough CH, Bouxsein ML, Khosla S 2004 Population-based study of age and sex differences in bone volumetric density, size, geometry, and structure at different skeletal sites. J Bone Miner Res 19:1945-1954.