Platinum-group elements in peridotite xenoliths and kimberlite from the Premier kimberlite pipe, South Africa

South African Journal of Geology

Volumn 108, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 413-428

  Maier, Wolfgang D ^a   Peltonen, Petri ^b   Juvonen, R ^b   Pienaar, C ^a,c,d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA   (South Africa)

^b GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF FINLAND   (Finland)

^c Council for Geoscience ^*  (South Africa)

^d Western Cape Regional Office   (South Africa)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GEOCHEMISTRY; KIMBERLITE; PLATINUM GROUP ELEMENT; XENOLITH;

AFRICA; EASTERN HEMISPHERE; SOUTH AFRICA; SOUTHERN AFRICA; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; WORLD;

EID: 27944507337     PISSN: 10120750     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2113/108.3.413     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Alard, O., Griffin, W.L., Lorand, J.P., Jackson, S.E. and O'Reilly, S.Y. (2000). Non-chondritic distribution of the highly siderophile elements in mantle sulfides. Nature, 407, 891-894.
2. Barnes, S.-J. and Maier, W.D. (1999). The fractionation of Ni, Cu, and the noble metals in silicate and sulphide liquids. In: R.R. Keays, C.M. Lesher, P.C. Lightfoot and C.E.G. Farrow (Editors) Dynamic processes in magmatic ore deposits and their application in mineral exploration. Geological Association of Canada, Short Course Notes XIII, 69-106.
3. Barnes, S.-J., Makovicky, E., Karup-Moller S., Makovicky, M. and Rose-Hansen, J. (1997). Partition coefficients for Ni, Cu, Pd, Pt, Rh and Ir between monosulphide solid solution and sulphide liquid and the implications for the formation of compositionally zoned Ni-Cu sulphide bodies by fractional crystallization of sulphide liquid. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 34, 366-374.
4. Barnes, S.-J., van Achterbergh, E., Makovicky, E. and Li, C. (2001). Proton microprobe results for the partitioning of platinum-group elements between monosulphide solid solution and sulphide liquid. South African Journal of Geology, 104, 275-286.
5. Bartlett, P.J. (1994). Geology of the Premier diamond pipe. In: C.R. Anhaeusser (Editor) Proceedings XVth CMMI Congress, South African Institute of Mining and Metalurgy, Symposium Series, S 14-3, 201-214.
6. Bulanova, G.P., Griffin, W.L., Ryan, C.G., Shestakova, O. Ye. and Barnes, S.-J. (1996). Trace elements in sulfide inclusions from Yakutian diamonds. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 124, 111-125.
7. Carlson, R.W. and Irving, A.J. (1994). Depletion and enrichment history of subcontinental lithospheric mantle: an Os, Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopic study of ultramafic xenoliths from the northwestern Wyoming craton. Earth and Planetary Science Letter, 126, 457-472.
8. Carlson, R.W., Pearson, D.G., Boyd, F.R., Shirey, S.B., Irvine, G., Menzies, A.H., and Gurney, J.J. (1999). Re-Os systematics of lithospheric peridotites: implications for lithospheric formation and preservation. In: J.J. Gurney, L.J. Gurney, M.D. Pascoe, and S.H. Richardson (Editors) Proceedings of the VII international kimberlite conference. Red Roof Design, Cape Town, South Africa, 99-108.
9. Carswell, D.A. (1975). Primary and secondary phlogopites and clinopyroxenes in garnet lherzolite xenoliths. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 9, 417-430.
10. Crocket, J.H. (2002a). Platinum-group elements in basalts from Maui, Hawaii: low abundances in alkali basalts. Canadian Mineralogist, 40, 595-609.
11. Crocket, J.H. (2002b). Platinum-group element geochemistry of mafic and ultramafic rocks. In: L.J. Cabri (Editor) The geology, geochemistry, mineralogy and mineral beneficiation of platinum-group elements. Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum, Special Volume, 54, 177-210.
12. Danchin, R.V. (1979). Mineral and bulk chemistry of garnet lherzolite and garnet harzburgite xenoliths from the Premier mine, South Africa. In: F.R. Boyd and H.O.A. Meyer (Editors) The Mantle Sample. Proceedings 2nd International Kimberlite Conference, American Geophysical Union, 104-126
13. Finnerty, A.A. and Boyd, F.R. (1987). Thermobarometry for garnet peridotites: basis for the determination of thermal and compositional structure of the upper mantle. In: P.H. Nixon (Editor) Mantle xenoliths, John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, U.K., 391-402.
14. Freyer, B.J. and Greenough, J.D. (1992). Evidence for mantle heterogeneity from platinum-group-element abundances in Indian Ocean basalts. Canadian Journal of Earth Science, 29, 2329-2340.
15. Garuti, G., Oddone, M. and Torres-Ruiz, J. (1997). Platinum-group element distribution in subcontinental mantle: evidence from the Ivrea Zone (Italy) and the Betic-Rifean cordillera (Spain and Morocco). Canadian Journal of Earth Science, 34, 444-463.
16. Gaul, O.F., Griffin, W.L., O'Reilly, S.Y. and Pearson, N.J. (2000). Mapping olivine composition in the lithospheric mantle. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 182, 223-235.
17. Griffin, W.L. and Ryan, C.G. (1995). Trace elements in indicator minerals: area selection and target evaluation in diamond exploration. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 53, 311-337.
18. Gueddari, K., Piboule, M. and Amosse, J. (1996). Differentiation of platinum-group elements (PGE) and of gold during partial melting of peridotites in the lherzolitic massifs of the Betico-Rifean range (Ronda and Beni Bousera). Chemical Geology, 134, 181-197.
19. Gurney, J.J. and Zweistra, P. (1995). The interpretation of the major element compositions of mantle minerals in diamond exploration. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 53, 293-309.
20. Handler M.R., Bennett, V.C. and Dreibus, G. (1999). Evidence from correlated Ir/Os and Cu/S for late-stage Os mobility in peridotite xenoliths: implications for Re-Os systematics. Geology, 27, 75-78.
21. Irvine GJ, Pearson DG, Carlson RW, Kjarsgaard BA and Dreibus G (2003) Evolution of the lithospheric mantle beneath northern Canada: a Re-Os isotope and platinum-group element study of kimberlite derived peridotite xenoliths from Somerset Island and a comparison to the Slave and Kaapvaal cratons. Lithos, 71, 461-488.
22. Jagoutz, E., Palme, H., Baddenhausen, H., Blum, K., Cendales, M., Breibus, G., Spettel, B., Lorenz V. and Wänke, H. (1979). The abundances of major, minor and trace elements in the earth's mantle as derived from primitive ultramafic nodules. Proceedings of the 10th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, U.S.A., 2031-2050.
23. Juvonen, R., Lakomaa, T and Soikkeli, I. (2002). Determination of gold and platinum group elementsd in geological samples by ICP-MS after nickel sulphide fire assay: difficulties encountered with different types of geological samples. Talanta, 58, 595-603.
24. Keays, R.R. (1995). The role of komatiitic and picritic magmatism and S-saturation in the formation of ore deposits. Lithos, 34, 1-18.
25. Kepezhinskas, P. and Defant, M.J. (2001). Nonchondritic Pt/Pd ratios in arc mantle xenoliths: evidence for platinum enrichment in depleted island-arc mantle sources. Geology, 29, 851-854.
26. Kukkonen, I.T., Kinnunen, K. and Peltonen, P. (2003). Mantle xenoliths and thick lithosphere in the Fennoscandian Shield. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 28, 349-360.
27. Lorand, J.-P. and Alard, O. (2001). Platinum-group element abundances in the upper mantle: new constraints from in situ and whole-rock analyses of Massif Central xenoliths (France). Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 65, 2789-2806.
28. Lorand, J.-P., Keays, R.R. and Bodinier, J.L. (1993). Copper and noble metal enrichments across the lithosphere - asthenosphere boundary of mantle diapirs: evidence from the Lanzo lherzolite massif. Journal of Petrology, 34, 1111-1140.
29. Lorand, J.-P., Pattou, L. and Gros, M. (1999). Fractionation of platinum-group elements and gold in the upper mantle: a detailed study in Pyrenean orogenic lherzolites. Journal of Petrology, 40, 957-981.
30. Lorand, J.-P., Schmidt, G., Palme, H. and Kratz, K.L. (2000). Highly siderophile element geochemistry of the Earth's mantle: new data for the Lanzo (Italy) and Ronda (Spain) orogenic peridotite bodies. Lithos, 53, 149-164.
31. Lorand, J.-P., Reisberg, L. and Bedini, R.M. (2003). Platinum-group elements and melt percolation processes in Sidamo spinel peridotite xenoliths, Ethiopia, East African Rift. Chemical Geology, 196, 57-75.
32. Luguet, A., Alard, O., Lorand, J.P., Pearson, N.J., Ruan, C. and O'Reilly, S.Y. (2001). Laser -ablation microprobe (LAM)-ICPMS unravels the highly siderophile element geochemistry of the oceanic mantle. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 189, 285-294.
33. Maier, W.D., Roelofse, F. and Barnes, S.-J. (2003). The concentration of the platinum-group elements in South African komatiites: implications for mantle sources, melting regime and PGE fractionation during crystallization. Journal of Pterology, 44, 1787-1804.
34. Martin, C.E. (1991). Os isotopic characteristics of mantle derived rocks. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 55, 1421-1434.
35. McBride, J.S., Lambert, D.D., Greig, A. and Nicholls, I.A. (1996). Multistage evolution of Australian subcontinental mantle: Re-Os isotopic constraints from Victorian mantle xenoliths. Geology, 24, 631-634.
36. McDonald, L, De Wit, M.J., Smith, C.B., Bizzi, L.A. and Viljoen, K.S. (1995). The geochemistry of the platinum-group elements in Brazilian and southern African kimberlites. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 59, 2883-2903.
37. McDonough, W.F. and Sun, S.S. (1995). The composition of the Earth. Chemical Geology, 120, 223-253.
38. Meisel, T., Walker, R.J., Irving, A.J. and Lorand, J.P. (2001). Osmium isotopic compositions of mantle xenoliths: a global perspective. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 65, 1311-1323.
39. Menzies, M.A., Rogers, N., Tindle, A. and Hawkesworth, C.J. (1987). Metasomatic and enrichment processes in lithospheric peridotites, an effect of asthenosphere-lithosphere interaction, In: M.A. Menzies and C.J. Hawkesworth (Editors) Mantle metasomatism, Academic Press, London, U.K. 313-361.
40. Menzies, A.H., Carlson, R.W., Shirey, S.B. and Gurney, J.J., 1999, Re-Os systematics of Newlands peridotite xenoliths: implications for diamond and lithosphere formation. In: J.J. Gurney, L.J. Gurney, M.D. Pascoe and S.H. Richardson (Editors) Proceedings of the VII international kimberlite conference. Red Roof Design, Cape Town, South Africa, 566-573.
41. Mitchell, R.H. and Keays, R.R. (1981). Abundance and distribution of gold, palladium and iridium in some spinel and garnet lherzolites. Implications for the nature and origin of precious-metal rich intergranular components in the upper mantle. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 45, 2425-2442.
42. Morgan, J.W., Wandless, G.A., Petrie, R.K. and Irving, A.J. (1981). Composition of the Earth's upper mantle- I. Siderophile trace elements in upper mantle nodules. Tectonophysics, 75, 47-67.
43. Nixon, P.H. and Boyd, F.R. (1973). Petrogenesis of the granular and sheared ultrabasic nodule suite in kimberlites. In: P.H. Nixon (Editor) Lesotho kimberlites, Lesotho National Development Corporation, Maseru, 48-56.
44. Orberger, B., Xu, Y. and Reeves, S.J. (1998). Platinum group elements in mantle xenoliths from eastern China. Tectonophysics, 296, 87-101.
45. Pattou, J., Lorand, J.P. and Gros, M. (1996). Non-chondritic platinum-group element ratios in the Earth's mantle. Nature, 379, 712-715.
46. Paul, D.K., Crocket, J.H. and Nixon, P.H. (1979). Abundance of paladium, iridium and gold in kimberlites and associated nodules. In: F.R. Boyd and F.O.R. Meyer (Editors) Kimberlites, diatremes and diamonds: their geology, petrology and geochemistry. Proceedings of the 2nd international kimberlite conference, American Geophysical Union, Washington DC U.S.A., 272-279.
47. Pearson, D.G. (1999). The age of continental roots. Lithos, 48, 171-194.
48. Pearson, D.G., Carlson, R.W., Shirey, S.B., Boyd, F.R. and Nixon, P.H. (1995a). Stabilisation of Archaean lithospheric mantle: a Re-Os isotope study of peridotite xenoliths from the Kaapvaal craton. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 134, 341-357.
49. Pearson, D.G., Snyder, G.A., Shirey, S.B., Taylor, L.A., Carlson, R.W. and Sobolev, N.V. (1995b). Archaean Re-os age for Siberian eclogites and constraints on Archaean tectonics. Nature, 374, 711-713.
50. Pearson, D.G., Irvine, G.J., Carlson, R.W., Kopylova, M.G. and Ionov, D.A. (2002). The development of lithospheric keels beneath the earliest continents: time constraints using PGE and Re-Os isotope systematics. In: C. M. R. Fowler, C.M.R. and C. J. Hawkesworth (Editors) The early Earth: physical, chemical and biological development. Geological Society, London, Special Publication, 199, 65-90.
51. Pearson DG, Irvine GJ, Ionov DA, Boyd FR. and Dreibus GE (2004) Re-Os isotope systematics and platinum-group element fractionation during mantle melt extraction: a study of massif and xenolith peridotite suites. Chemical Geology, 208, 29-59.
52. Peltonen, P. (2003). Platinum-group element geochemistry of eastern Finland kimberlites and their mantle sample. Abstract, 8th Kimberlite Conference, Victoria, BC, Canada. Extended Abstract FLA 0052 (CD Rom).
53. Rehkämper, M., Halliday, A.N., Barford, D., Fitton, J.G. and Dawson, J.B. (1997). Platinum-group element abundance patterns in different mantle environments. Science, 278, 1595-1598.
54. Rehkämper, M,. Halliday, A.N., Fitton, J.G., Lee, D.-C., Wieneke, M. and Arndt, N.T. (1999). Ir, Ru, Pt, and Pd in basalts and komatiites: new constraints for the geochemical behavior of the platinum-group elements in the mantle. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 63, 3915-3934.
55. Reisberg, L. and Lorand, J.P. (1995). Longevity of subcontinental mantle lithosphere from osmium isotope systematics in orogenic peridotite massifs. Nature, 376, 159-162.
56. Reisberg, L.C., Allegre, CJ. and Luck, L.-M. (1991). The Re-Os systematics of the Ronda ultramafic complex in southern Spain. Earth and Planetry Science Letters, 105, 196-213.
57. Richardson, S.H., Harris, J.W. and Gurney, J.J. (1993). Three generations of diamonds from old continental mantle. Nature, 366, 256-258.
58. Schmidt, G., Palme, H., Karz, K.L. and Kurat, G. (2000). Are highly siderophile elements (PGE, Re and Au) fractionated in the upper mantle? New results on peridotites from Zabargad. Chemical Geology, 163, 167-188.
59. Schmidt, G., Witt-Eickschen, G., Palme, H., Seck, H., Spettel, B. and Kratz, K.-L. (2003). Highly siderophile elements (PGE, Re and Au) in mantle xenoliths from the West Eifel volcanic field (Germany). Chemical Geology, 196, 77-105.
60. Shimizu N (1999) Young geochemical features in cratonic peridotites from southern Africa and Siberia. In: Y. Fei, C. M. Berthka and B. O. Mysen (Editors) Mantle petrology: field observations and high pressure experimentation: a tribute to Francis R. (Joe) Boyd. Geochemical Society, Special Publications, 6, 47-55.
61. Spettel, B., Palme, H., Ionov, D.A. and Kogarko, L.N. (1991). Variations in the Ir content of the upper mantle of the earth. Proceedings of the 22nd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, Houston. Lunar and Planetary Science Institute, NASA, 1301-1302.
62. Sun S-S. and McDonough WF (1989) Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: implications for mantle composition and processes. In: A. D. Saunders and M. J. Norry (Editors), Magmatism in the Ocean Basins, Geological Society, Special Publication, 42, 313-345.
63. Walker, R.J., Carlson, R.W., Shirey, S.B. and Boyd, F.R. (1989). Os, Sr, Nd, and Pb isotope systematics of southern African peridotite xenoliths: implications for the chemical evolution of subcontinental mantle. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 63, 1583-1595.
64. Wilde, A., Edwards, A. and Yakubchuk, A. (2003). Unconventional deposits of Pt and Pd: a review with implications for exploration. SEG Newsletter, 52, 1-18.
65. Wu, F.-y., Walker, R.J., Ren, X.-w. and Zhou, X.-h. (2003). Os isotopic constraints on the age of the lithospheric mantle beneath northern China. Chemical Geology, 196, 107-129.