Deterring terrorists: Thoughts on a framework

Washington Quarterly

Volumn 28, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 187-199

  Whiteneck, Daniel ^a  

^a CNA CORPORATION   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 27944482988     PISSN: 0163660X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1162/0163660054026452     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. For a more detailed examination of deterring terrorists, including while the groups are evolving, see Brad Roberts, Terrorist Campaigns and Prolonged Wars of Mutual Coercion (Washington, D.C.: Institute for Defense Analysis, June 2002).
2. The 9/11 Commission Report: Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 2004).
3. Daniel Byman, "Al Qaeda as an Adversary" World Politics 56, no. 1 (October 2003): 139-164.
4. For a discussion of the difficulties of traditional deterrence in the modern age, see Keith Payne, Deterrence in the Second Nuclear Age (Lexington, Ky.: University of Kentucky Press, 1996), pp. 17-35.
5. For a discussion on the importance of establishing norms against terrorism both at societal and government levels and the role of deterrence or "fear" in reinforcing such norms, see Steve Simon and Jeff Martini, "Terrorism: Denying Al Qaeda Its Popular Support," The Washington Quarterly 28, no. 1 (Winter 2004-05): 131-145.
6. Paul K. Davis and Brian Michael Jenkins, Deterrence and Influence in Counterterrorism (Santa Monica, Calif.: RAND, 2002), pp. 1-19.
7. See Ahmed Rashid, "Afghanistan: Inside the Taliban," Far Eastern Economic Review, October 18, 2001.
8. Davis and Jenkins, Deterrence and Influence in Counterterrorism.
9. See Thomas C. Schelling, Arms and Influence (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1966), pp. 2-3.
10. George Rathjens and Marvin Miller, "Nuclear Proliferation After the Cold War," MIT Technology Review, August-September 1991, pp. 25-32.
11. Office of the Press Secretary, The White House, "Address to a Joint Session of Congress and the American People," September 20, 2001, http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2001/09/20010920-8.html.
12. The National Security Strategy of the United States of America, September 2002, www.whitehouse.gov/nsc/nss.pdf.
13. See National Strategy to Combat Weapons of Mass Destruction, December 2002, p. 3.
14. See Michael A. Levi, Fire in the Hole: Nuclear and Non-Nuclear Options for Counter-Proliferation (New York: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, November 2002), p. 31.
15. See also Samuel Glasstone and Philip J. Dolan, The Effects of Nuclear Weapons (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Defense, 1977).
16. For a concise discussion of the technical aspects of nuclear attribution after an attack, as well as the technical issues of counterproliferation, see John R. Harvey, Deterrence and Beyond: Strategic Responses (presentation, Los Alamos Conference on Nuclear and Conventional Forces: Issues for National Security, Science and Technology, Los Alamos, New Mexico, April 28-May 1, 2003).
17. See Office of Technology Assessment, U.S. Congress, Technologies Underlying Weapons of Mass Destruction, OTA-BP-ISC-115 (Washington D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, December 1993).
18. D Byman, "Al Qaeda as an Adversary."
19. See Simon and Martini, "Terrorism"; Institute for Defense Analysis, "Deterring Terrorism: Exploring Theory and Methods," IDA Paper P-3717, Washington, D.C., August 2002.
20. For example, estimates of civilian deaths in Iraq for the first 18 months of the war range from 10,000 to 100,000, with a more methodical study tending toward the higher number. See "More Iraq Civilian Deaths Seen in Study: Lancet Report Based on Family Interviews," Boston Globe, October 29, 2004.
21. For the best treatment of this subject, see Michael Walzer, Just and Unjust Wars: A Moral Argument With Historical Illustrations (New York: Basic Books, 1977).
22. Davis and Jenkins, Deterrence and Influence in Counterterrorism.
23. For the scope of casualties and economic effects of a nuclear attack on a U.S. city, see Jonathan Medalia, "Nuclear Terrorism: A Brief Review of Threats and Responses," CRS Report for Congress, RL32595, September 22, 2004.
24. See also Ira Helfand, Lachland Forrow, and Jaya Tiwari, "Nuclear Terrorism," British Medical Journal, no. 24 (February 9, 2002): 356.
25. Alexander George, David Hall, and William Simon, The Limits of Coercive Diplomacy: Laos, Cuba, Vietnam (Boston: Little Brown, 1971).
26. B Roberts, Terrorist Campaigns and Prolonged Wars of Mutual Coercion.