Terrorism: Denying Al Qaeda its popular support

Washington Quarterly

Volumn 28, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 131-145

  Simon, Steven ^a   Martini, Jeff ^a  

^a RAND CORPORATION   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 27944450120     PISSN: 0163660X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1162/0163660042518152     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Ilias Bantekas, "The International Law of Terrorist Financing," American Journal of International Law 97, no. 2 (April 2003): 318.
2. Martha Finnemore, National Interests in International Society (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1996), p. 22;
3. Peter Katzenstein, ed., The Culture of National Security (New York: Columbia University Press, 1996), p. 5.
4. Christopher Gelpi, "Crime and Punishment: The Role of Norms in Crisis Bargaining," American Political Science Review 91, no. 2 (June 1997): 340.
5. Ibid.
6. Martha Finnemore and Kathryn Sikkink, "International Norm Dynamics and Political Change," International Organization 52, no. 4 (Autumn 1998): 892.
7. Finnemore and Sikkink employ the term "norm entrepreneur" while others prefer "transnational moral entrepreneur." For the latter usage, see Ethan Nadelmann, "Global Prohibition Regimes: The Evolution of Norms in International Society," International Organization 44, no. 4 (Autumn 1990): 485.
8. Finnemore and Sikkink, "International Norm Dynamics and Political Change," p. 904.
9. Geoffrey Edwards, "Human Rights and Basket III Issues: Areas of Change and Continuity," International Affairs 61, no. 4 (Autumn 1985): 632.
10. Ibid.
11. Jeffrey Legro identifies durability, specificity, and concordance as the three benchmarks of a norm's robustness. Jeffrey Legro, "Which Norms Matter? Revisiting the 'Failure' of Internationalism," International Organization 51, no. 1 (Winter 1997): 34.
12. James Turner Johnson, "Historical Roots and Sources of the Just War Tradition in Western Culture," in Just War and Jihad, eds. John Kelsay and James Turner Johnson (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Publishing Group, 1991), pp. 7-12;
13. Michael Walzer, Just and Unjust Wars: A Moral Argument With Historical Illustrations (New York: Basic Books, 1977).
14. Johnson, "Historical Roots and Sources of the Just War Tradition in Western Culture," p. 15.
15. These would of course include the Sunna and the Hadith.
16. Fred Donner, "Sources of Islamic Conceptions of War," in Just War and Jihad, eds. John Kelsay and James Turner Johnson (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Publishing Group, 1991), pp. 31-33.
17. Ian Hurd describes "compellance" in this fashion: "Coercion refers to a relation of asymmetrical physical power among agents, where this asymmetry is applied to changing the behavior of the weaker agent. The operative mechanism is fear or simple 'compellance'; fear produces acquiescence." Ian Hurd, "Legitimacy and Authority in International Politics," International Organization 53, no. 2 (Spring 1999): 383.
18. See Thomas Schelling, Arms and Influence (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1966).
19. Finnemore and Sikkink, "International Norm Dynamics and Political Change," p. 895.
20. Nadelmann, "Global Prohibition Regimes," p. 492.
21. See Martha Finnemore, The Purpose of Intervention (Cornell: Cornell University Press, 2003).
22. Pew Global Attitudes Project, "Views of a Changing World," June 2003, p. 3.
23. "The Arab Convention for the Suppression of Terrorism," April 1998, http://www.al-bab.com/arab/docs/league/terrorism98.htm (accessed September 17, 2004).
24. For a more in-depth discussion, see International Crisis Group, "Islamic Social Welfare Activism in the Occupied Palestinian Territories: A Legitimate Target?" Middle East Report, no. 13 (April 2, 2003), pp. 18-20.
25. Hurd, "Legitimacy and Authority in International Politics," p. 383.
26. Peter Haas, "Introduction: Epistemic Communities and International Policy Coordination," International Organization 52, no. 1 (Winter 1992): 5.
27. Edward P. Djerejian et al., "Changing Minds Winning Peace," Report of the Advisory Group on Public Diplomacy for the Arab and Muslim World, October 1, 2003, p. 8.
28. Ibid.
29. For the role of ideas in the Soviet transformation, see Janice Gross Stein, "Political Learning by Doing: Gorbachev as Uncommitted Thinker and Motivated Learner," International Organization 48, no. 2 (Spring 1994): 155-163.
30. Daniel Schorr, "Stop Winking at the Ban," Christian Science Monitor, September 21, 2001;
31. Thomas Ward, "Norms and International Security: The Case of International Assassination," International Security 25, no. 1 (Summer 2000).
32. Elizabeth B. Bazen, "Assassination Ban and E.O. 12333: A Brief Summary," CRS Report for Congress, RS21037, January 4, 2002, http://www.fas.org/irp/crs/RS21037.pdf (accessed October 9, 2004).
33. Finnemore and Sikkink, "International Norm Dynamics and Political Change," p. 892.
34. Ibid.
35. Abu Hafs Al Masri Brigades, "A Statement From the Jihad Rule About the Islamic Iron Hammer Operation," November 15, 2003, http://www.homelandsecurityus.com/Turkey.htm (accessed October 9, 2004).
36. Ibid.
37. Nadelmann, "Global Prohibition Regimes," pp. 484-485.
38. A more detailed discussion on this phenomenon can be found in Hedley Bull, The Anarchical Society (New York: Columbia University Press, 1977).