A pictorial version of the Extrinsic Affective Simon Task: Sensitivity to generally affective and phobia-relevant stimuli in high and low spider fearful individuals

Experimental Psychology

Volumn 52, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 289-295

  Huijding, Jorg ^a   De Jong, Peter J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GRONINGEN   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Extrinsic Affective Simon Task; Fear; Interindividual differences; Pictorial stimuli

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AFFECT; ANIMAL; ARTICLE; FEAR; HUMAN; PHOBIA; PREDICTION AND FORECASTING; PSYCHOLOGIC TEST; REACTION TIME; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SPIDER; STARTLE REFLEX; VISION;

ADULT; AFFECT; ANIMALS; FEAR; HUMANS; PHOBIC DISORDERS; PREDICTIVE VALUE OF TESTS; PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; REACTION TIME; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SPIDERS; STARTLE REACTION; VISUAL PERCEPTION;

EID: 27744586502     PISSN: 16183169     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169.52.4.289     Document Type: Article

References (22)

1. Beck, A. T., & Clark, D. A. (1997). An information processing model of anxiety: automatic and strategic processes. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 49-58.
2. Bosson, J. K., Swann, W. B., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2000). Stalking the perfect measure of implicit self-esteem: The blind man and the elephant revisited? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 631-643.
3. De Houwer, J. (2003). The Extrinsic Affective Simon task. Experimental Psychology, 50, 77-85.
4. De Houwer, J., & Helen, P. (1998). An affective variant of the Simon Paradigm. Cognition and Emotion, 12, 45-61.
5. De Houwer, J., & Hermans, D. (1994). Differences in affective processing of words and pictures. Cognition and Emotion, 8, 1-20.
6. de Jong, P. J., van den Hout, M. A., Rietbroek, H., & Huijding, J. (2003). Dissociations between implicit and explicit attitudes toward phobic stimuli. Cognition and Emotion, 17, 521-545.
7. de Jong, P. J., Visser, S., & Merckelbach, H. (1996). Startle and spider phobia: unilateral probes and the prediction of treatment effects. Journal of Psychophysiology, 10, 150-160.
8. de Jong, P. J., Vorage, I., & van den Hout, M. A. (2000). Counterconditioning in the treatment of spider phobia: Effects on disgust, fear and valence. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38, 1055-1069.
9. Greenwald, A. G., McGhee, D. E., & Schwartz, J. L. K (1998). Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: The Implicit Association Test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1464-1480.
10. Hamm, A. O., Cuthbert, B. N., Globisch, J., & Vaitl, D. (1997). Fear and the startle reflex: Blink modulation and autonomic response patterns in animal and mutilation fearful subjects. Psychophysiology, 34, 97-107.
11. Huijding, J., & de Jong, P. J. (in press). Specific predictive power of automatic spider-related affective associations for controllable and uncontrollable fear responses toward spiders. Behaviour Research and Therapy.
12. Lang, P. J., Bradley, M. M., & Cuthbert, B. N. (1996). The international affective picture system. NIHMH centre for the study of emotion and attention, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.
13. McNally, R. J. (1995). Automaticity and the anxiety disorders. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33, 747-754.
14. Mayer, M., Merckelbach, H., & Muris, P. (2000). Self-reported automaticity and irrationality in spider phobia. Psychological Reports, 87, 395-405.
15. Merckelbach, H., de Jong, P. J., Muris, P., & van den Hout, M. A. (1996). The etiology of specific phobias: A review. Clinical Psychology Review, 16, 337-361.
16. Muris, P., & Merckelbach, H. (1996). A comparison of two spider fear questionnaires. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 27, 241-244.
17. Rothermund, K., & Wentura, D. (2004). Underlying processes in the implicit association test: dissociating salience from associations. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 133, 139-165.
18. Szymanski, J., & O'Donohue, W. (1995). Fear of spider questionnaire. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 26, 31-34.
19. Teachman, B. A., Gregg, A. P., & Woody, S. R. (2001). Implicit associations for fear-relevant stimuli among individuals with snake and spider fears. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 110, 226-235.
20. Teachman, B. A., & Woody, S. R. (2003). Automatic processing in spider phobia: implicit fear associations over the course of treatment. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 112, 100-109.
21. Teige, S., Schnabel, K., Banse, R., & Asendorpf, J. B. (2004). Assessment of multiple implicit self-concept dimensions using the Extrinsic Affective Simon task (EAST). European Journal of Personality, 18, 495-520.
22. Voss, A., Rothermund, K., & Wentura, D. (2003). Estimating the valence of single stimuli: A new variant of the affective Simon task. Experimental Psychology, 50, 86-96.