Biologic monitoring to characterize organophosphorus pesticide exposure among children and workers: An analysis of recent studies in Washington State

Environmental Health Perspectives

Volumn 113, Issue 11, 2005, Pages 1651-1657

  Fenske, Richard A ^a   Lu, Chensheng ^b   Curl, Cynthia L ^c   Shirai, Jeffry H ^a   Kissel, John C ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^b EMORY UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c Integral Consulting Inc   (United States)

Author keywords

Agricultural communities; Agricultural workers; Biologic monitoring; Children; Dialkylphosphates; Organophosphorus pesticides; Pesticide exposure

Indexed keywords

ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDE;

ADULT; AGRICULTURAL WORKER; ARTICLE; BIOLOGICAL MONITORING; CHILD; CONTROLLED STUDY; HUMAN; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; PESTICIDE SPRAYING; PRIORITY JOURNAL; TOXICOKINETICS; UNITED STATES; URBAN RURAL DIFFERENCE;

ADULT; AGRICULTURE; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; HUMANS; INSECTICIDES; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS; PHOSPHATES; THIOPHOSPHORIC ACID ESTERS; TIME FACTORS; WASHINGTON;

MALUS X DOMESTICA;

EID: 27744468993     PISSN: 00916765     EISSN: 15529924     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1289/ehp.8022     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Adgate JL, Barr DB, Clayton CA, Eberly LE, Freeman NC, Lioy PJ, et al. 2001. Measurement of children's exposure to pesticides: analysis of urinary metabolite levels in a probability-based sample. Environ Health Perspect 109:583-590.
2. Aprea C, Strambi M, Novelli MT, Lunghini L, Bozzi N. 2000. Biologic monitoring of exposure to organophosphorus pesticides in 195 Italian children. Environ Health Perspect 108:521-525.
3. Barr OB, Bravo R, Weerasekera G, Caltabiano LM, Whitehead RD Jr, Olsson AO, et al. 2004. Concentrations of dialkyl phosphate metabolites of organophosphorus pesticides in the U.S. population. Environ Health Perspect 112:186-200.
4. Barr DB, Wilder LC, Caudill SP, Gonzalez AJ, Needham LL, Pirkle JL. 2005. Urinary creatinine concentrations in the U.S. population: implications for urinary biological monitoring measurements. Environ Health Perspect 113:192-200. doi:10.1289/ehp.7337 [Online 23 September 2004].
5. CDC. 2003. Second National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals. Atlanta, GA:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
6. CDC. 2005. Third National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals. Atlanta, GA:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
7. Curl CL, Fenske RA, Elgethun K. 2003. Organophosphorus pesticide exposure to urban and suburban preschool children with organic and conventional diets. Environ Health Perspect 111:377-382.
8. Curl CL, Fenske RA, Kissel JC, Shirai JH, Moate TF, Griffith W, et al. 2002. Evaluation of take-home organophosphorus pesticide exposure among agricultural workers and their children. Environ Health Perspect 110:A787-A792.
9. Fenske RA, Curl CL, Kissel JC. 2003. The effect of the 14-day agricultural restricted entry interval on azinphosmethyl exposures in a group of apple thinners in Washington State. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 38:91-97.
10. Fenske RA, Kissel JC, Curl CL, Shirai JH, Galvin K. 2004. Agricultural task not predictive of children's exposure to organophosphorus pesticides. Environ Health Perspect 112:A865-A866.
11. Fenske RA, Lu C, Barr D, Needham L. 2002. Children's exposure to chlorpyrifos and parathion in an agricultural community in central Washington State. Environ Health Perspect 110:549-553.
12. Heudorf U, Angerer J. 2001. Metabolites of organophosphorous insecticides in urine specimens from inhabitants of a residential area. Environ Res 86:80-87.
13. Heudorf U, Angerer J, Drexler H. 2004. Current internal exposure to pesticides in children and adolescents in Germany: urinary levels of metabolites of pyrethroid and organophosphorus insecticides. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 77:67-72.
14. James RR, Hern SC, Robertson GL, Schumacher BA. 2003. Comparison of Methods for the Determination of Alkyl Phosphates in Urine. Report No. 600/R-03/075. Washington, DC:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development. Available: http://www.epa.gov/heasdweb/children/pdf/alkyl-phosphates-hern.pdf [accessed 10 January 2005].
15. Koch D, Lu CA, Fisker-Andersen J, Jolley L, Fenske RA. 2002. Temporal association of children's pesticide exposure and agricultural spraying: report of a longitudinal biological monitoring study. Environ Health Perspect 110:829-833.
16. Loewenherz C, Fenske RA, Simcox NJ, Bellamy G, Kalman D. 1997. Biological monitoring of organophosphorus pesticide exposure among children of agricultural workers in central Washington State. Environ Health Perspect 105:1344-1353.
17. Lu C, Bravo R, Caltabiano LM, Irish RM, Weerasekera G, Barr DB. 2005. The presence of dialkylphosphates in fresh fruit juices: implication for organophosphorus pesticide exposure and risk assessments. J Toxicol Environ Health A 68:209-227.
18. Lu C, Fenske RA, Simcox NJ, Kalman D. 2000. Pesticide exposure of children in an agricultural community: evidence of household proximity to farmland and take-home exposure pathways. Environ Res 84:290-302.
19. Lu C, Knutson DE, Fisker-Andersen J, Fenske RA. 2001. Biological monitoring survey of organophosphorus pesticide exposure among preschool children in the Seattle metropolitan area. Environ Health Perspect 109:299-303.
20. Mills PK, Zahm SH. 2001. Organophosphate pesticide residues in urine of farmworkers and their children in Fresno County, California. Am J Ind Med 40:571-577.
21. Moate T, Lu C, Fenske RA, Hahne R, Kalman DA. 1999. Improved cleanup and determination of dialkyl phosphates in the urine of children exposed to organophosphorous insecticides. J Anal Toxicol 23:230-236.
22. Morgan MK, Sheldon LS, Croghan CW, Jones PA, Robertson GL, Chuang JC, et al. 2005. Exposures of preschool children to chlorpyrifos and its degradation product 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol in their everyday environments. J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol 15:297-309.
23. National Research Council. 1991. Monitoring Human Tissues for Toxic Substances. Washington, DC:National Academy Press.
24. National Research Council. 1993. Pesticides in the Diets of Infants and Children. Washington, DC:National Academy Press.
25. Royster MO, Hilborn ED, Barr D, Carty CL, Rhoney S, Walsh D. 2002. A pilot study of global positioning system/geographical information system measurement of residential proximity to agricultural fields and urinary organophosphate metabolite concentrations in toddlers. J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol 12:433-440.
26. Shalat SL, Donnelly KC, Freeman NC, Calvin JA, Ramesh S, Jimenez M, et al. 2003. Nondietary ingestion of pesticides by children in an agricultural community on the US/Mexico border: preliminary results. J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol 13:42-50.
27. Simcox NJ, Camp J, Kalman D, Stebbins A, Bellamy G, Lee I-C, et al. 1999. Farmworker exposure to organophosphorus pesticide residues during apple thinning in central Washington State. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 60:752-761.
28. Simcox NJ, Fenske RA, Wolz S, Lee I-C, Kalman D. 1995. Pesticides in housedust and soil: exposure pathways for children of agricultural families. Environ Health Perspect 103:1126-1134.
29. Thompson B, Coronado GD, Grossman JE, Puschel K, Solomon CC, Islas I, et al. 2003. Pesticide take-home pathway among children of agricultural workers: study design, methods, and baseline findings. J Occup Environ Mad 45(1):42-53.