메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 35, Issue 3 SPEC. ISS., 2005, Pages 253-264

Assessment of ecological risks in weed biocontrol: Input from retrospective ecological analyses

Author keywords

Biocontrol costs; Ecological risk assessment; Landscape effects; Larinus planus; Local effects; Nontarget effects; Rhinocyllus conicus; Spillover; Weed control

Indexed keywords

CIRSIUM; CIRSIUM PITCHERI; CURCULIONIDAE; LARINUS PLANUS; RHINOCYLLUS CONICUS;

EID: 27744468748     PISSN: 10499644     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2005.07.022     Document Type: Conference Paper
Times cited : (47)

References (62)
  • 1
    • 0036313126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Re-test of Rhinocyllus conicus host specificity, and the prediction of ecological risk in biological control
    • A.E. Arnett, and S.M. Louda Re-test of Rhinocyllus conicus host specificity, and the prediction of ecological risk in biological control Biol. Conserv. 106 2002 251 257
    • (2002) Biol. Conserv. , vol.106 , pp. 251-257
    • Arnett, A.E.1    Louda, S.M.2
  • 2
    • 0028253736 scopus 로고
    • Field and laboratory host ranges of the Australian weevil, Oxyops vitiosa (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a potential biological control agent for the paperbark tree, Melaleuca quinquenervia
    • J.K. Balciunas, D.W. Burrows, and M.F. Purcell Field and laboratory host ranges of the Australian weevil, Oxyops vitiosa (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a potential biological control agent for the paperbark tree, Melaleuca quinquenervia Biol. Control 4 1994 351 360
    • (1994) Biol. Control , vol.4 , pp. 351-360
    • Balciunas, J.K.1    Burrows, D.W.2    Purcell, M.F.3
  • 3
    • 0028105782 scopus 로고
    • Host specificity and environmental impact of the weevil Hylobius transversovittatus, a biological control agent of purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria)
    • B. Blossey, D. Schroeder, S.D. Hight, and R.A. Malecki Host specificity and environmental impact of the weevil Hylobius transversovittatus, a biological control agent of purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) Weed Sci. 42 1994 128 133
    • (1994) Weed Sci. , vol.42 , pp. 128-133
    • Blossey, B.1    Schroeder, D.2    Hight, S.D.3    Malecki, R.A.4
  • 4
  • 5
    • 4243456546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response of a Rhinocyllus researcher
    • Boldt, P.E., 1997. Response of a Rhinocyllus researcher. Biocontrol News Inf. 18, 100N.
    • (1997) Biocontrol News Inf. , vol.18
    • Boldt, P.E.1
  • 6
    • 0010610093 scopus 로고
    • Harvard University Press Cambridge, MA
    • C.T. Brues Insect Dietary 1946 Harvard University Press Cambridge, MA
    • (1946) Insect Dietary
    • Brues, C.T.1
  • 7
    • 0033939307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Competition between two estuarine snails: Implications for invasions of exotic species
    • J.E. Byers Competition between two estuarine snails: Implications for invasions of exotic species Ecology 81 2000 1225 1239
    • (2000) Ecology , vol.81 , pp. 1225-1239
    • Byers, J.E.1
  • 8
    • 0344584968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scale dependent effects of biotic resistance to biological invasion
    • J.E. Byers, and E.G. Noonburg Scale dependent effects of biotic resistance to biological invasion Ecology 84 2003 1428 1433
    • (2003) Ecology , vol.84 , pp. 1428-1433
    • Byers, J.E.1    Noonburg, E.G.2
  • 10
    • 0002534411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Density-dependent dispersal and its consequences for population dynamics
    • N. Cappuccino P.W. Price Academic Press San Diego, CA
    • R.F. Denno, and M.A. Peterson Density-dependent dispersal and its consequences for population dynamics N. Cappuccino P.W. Price Population Dynamics: New Approaches and Synthesis 1996 Academic Press San Diego, CA 113 130
    • (1996) Population Dynamics: New Approaches and Synthesis , pp. 113-130
    • Denno, R.F.1    Peterson, M.A.2
  • 11
    • 0002916832 scopus 로고
    • Impact of the cinnabar moth (Tyria jacobaeae) on Senecio triangularis, a non-target native plant in Oregon
    • E.S. Delfosse Instituto Sperimentale per la Patologia Vegetale Ministero dell'Agricoltura e delle Foreste Rome, Italy
    • J.W. Diehl, and P.B. McEvoy Impact of the cinnabar moth (Tyria jacobaeae) on Senecio triangularis, a non-target native plant in Oregon E.S. Delfosse Proceedings of the VII International Symposium on the Biological Control of Weeds 1990 Instituto Sperimentale per la Patologia Vegetale Ministero dell'Agricoltura e delle Foreste Rome, Italy 119 126
    • (1990) Proceedings of the VII International Symposium on the Biological Control of Weeds , pp. 119-126
    • Diehl, J.W.1    McEvoy, P.B.2
  • 12
    • 84860043110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schedule 1: List of Species at Risk.
    • Environment Canada, 2004. Species at Risk Act Public Registry. Schedule 1: List of Species at Risk. < http://www.sararegistry.gc.ca/species/ schedules_e.cfm?id=1 (accessed 15 March 2004).
    • (2004) Species at Risk Act Public Registry
  • 15
    • 0001210663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rhinocyllus conicus: Initial evaluation and subsequent ecological impacts in North America
    • E. Wajnberg J.K. Scott P.C. Quimby CABI Publishing, CABI International Wallingford, Oxon, UK
    • A. Gassmann, and S.M. Louda Rhinocyllus conicus: Initial evaluation and subsequent ecological impacts in North America E. Wajnberg J.K. Scott P.C. Quimby Evaluating Indirect Ecological Effects of Biological Control 2001 CABI Publishing, CABI International Wallingford, Oxon, UK 147 183
    • (2001) Evaluating Indirect Ecological Effects of Biological Control , pp. 147-183
    • Gassmann, A.1    Louda, S.M.2
  • 16
    • 0003909769 scopus 로고
    • Iowa State University Press, Ames, IA.
    • Great Plains Flora Association, 1977. Atlas of the Flora of the Great Plains. Iowa State University Press, Ames, IA.
    • (1977) Atlas of the Flora of the Great Plains
  • 17
    • 0003909770 scopus 로고
    • University Press of Kansas, Lawrence, KS.
    • Great Plains Flora Association, 1986. Flora of the Great Plains. University Press of Kansas, Lawrence, KS.
    • (1986) Flora of the Great Plains
  • 18
    • 0030512030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Host range of the gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) pathogen Entomophaga maimaiga (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales) in the field versus the laboratory
    • A.E. Hajek, L. Butler, S.R.A. Walsh, J.C. Silver, F.P. Hain, F.L. Hastings, T.M. Odell, and D.R. Smitley Host range of the gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) pathogen Entomophaga maimaiga (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales) in the field versus the laboratory Env. Entomol. 25 1996 709 721
    • (1996) Env. Entomol. , vol.25 , pp. 709-721
    • Hajek, A.E.1    Butler, L.2    Walsh, S.R.A.3    Silver, J.C.4    Hain, F.P.5    Hastings, F.L.6    Odell, T.M.7    Smitley, D.R.8
  • 19
    • 0038645930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indirect interactions, community modules and biological control: A theoretical perspective
    • E. Wajnberg J.K. Scott P.C. Quimby CABI Publishing Wallingford, Oxon, UK
    • R.D. Holt, and M.E. Hochberg Indirect interactions, community modules and biological control: A theoretical perspective E. Wajnberg J.K. Scott P.C. Quimby Evaluating Indirect Ecological Effects of Biological Control 2001 CABI Publishing Wallingford, Oxon, UK 13 37
    • (2001) Evaluating Indirect Ecological Effects of Biological Control , pp. 13-37
    • Holt, R.D.1    Hochberg, M.E.2
  • 20
    • 0000627864 scopus 로고
    • Classical biocontrol: Panacea or Pandora's box?
    • F.G. Howarth Classical biocontrol: Panacea or Pandora's box? Proc. Hawaiian Entomol. Soc. 24 1983 239 244
    • (1983) Proc. Hawaiian Entomol. Soc. , vol.24 , pp. 239-244
    • Howarth, F.G.1
  • 21
    • 0026325078 scopus 로고
    • Environmental impacts of classical biological control
    • F.G. Howarth Environmental impacts of classical biological control Annu. Rev. Entomol. 36 1991 485 509
    • (1991) Annu. Rev. Entomol. , vol.36 , pp. 485-509
    • Howarth, F.G.1
  • 22
    • 0026283969 scopus 로고
    • Ecosystem modeling with LISREL: A new approach for measuring direct and indirect effects
    • M.L. Johnson, D.G. Huggins, and J. DeNoyelles Ecosystem modeling with LISREL: A new approach for measuring direct and indirect effects Ecol. Appl. 1 1991 383 398
    • (1991) Ecol. Appl. , vol.1 , pp. 383-398
    • Johnson, M.L.1    Huggins, D.G.2    Denoyelles, J.3
  • 23
    • 0002361736 scopus 로고
    • The flora and Sand Hills prairie communities of Arapaho Prairie, Arthur County, Nebraska
    • K.H. Keeler, A.T. Harrison, and L. Vescio The flora and Sand Hills prairie communities of Arapaho Prairie, Arthur County, Nebraska Prairie Naturalist 12 1980 65 78
    • (1980) Prairie Naturalist , vol.12 , pp. 65-78
    • Keeler, K.H.1    Harrison, A.T.2    Vescio, L.3
  • 25
    • 0345175916 scopus 로고
    • Biology of predispersal seed predators of the Platte thistle Cirsium canescens
    • W.O. Lamp, and M.K. McCarty Biology of predispersal seed predators of the Platte thistle Cirsium canescens J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 55 1982 305 316
    • (1982) J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. , vol.55 , pp. 305-316
    • Lamp, W.O.1    McCarty, M.K.2
  • 26
    • 0013428476 scopus 로고
    • Predispersal seed predation of a native thistle, Cirsium canescens
    • W.O. Lamp, and M.K. McCarty Predispersal seed predation of a native thistle, Cirsium canescens Environ. Entomol. 11 1982 847 851
    • (1982) Environ. Entomol. , vol.11 , pp. 847-851
    • Lamp, W.O.1    McCarty, M.K.2
  • 28
    • 0001431557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population growth of Rhinocyllus conicus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on two species of native thistles in prairie
    • S.M. Louda Population growth of Rhinocyllus conicus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on two species of native thistles in prairie Env. Entomol. 27 1998 834 841
    • (1998) Env. Entomol. , vol.27 , pp. 834-841
    • Louda, S.M.1
  • 29
    • 0002746817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Negative ecological effects of the musk thistle biocontrol agent, Rhinocyllus conicus Fröl
    • P.A. Follet J.J. Duan Kluwer Academic Publishers Boston, MA
    • S.M. Louda Negative ecological effects of the musk thistle biocontrol agent, Rhinocyllus conicus Fröl P.A. Follet J.J. Duan Nontarget Effects of Biological Control 2000 Kluwer Academic Publishers Boston, MA 215 243
    • (2000) Nontarget Effects of Biological Control , pp. 215-243
    • Louda, S.M.1
  • 30
    • 0001995524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting non-target ecological effects of biological control agents: Evidence from Rhinocyllus conicus
    • N.R. Spencer Montana State University Bozeman, MT
    • S.M. Louda, and A.E. Arnett Predicting non-target ecological effects of biological control agents: Evidence from Rhinocyllus conicus N.R. Spencer Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on the Biological Control of Weeds 2000 Montana State University Bozeman, MT 551 567
    • (2000) Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on the Biological Control of Weeds , pp. 551-567
    • Louda, S.M.1    Arnett, A.E.2
  • 31
    • 0037329526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invasiveness of some biological control insects challenges adequacy of ecological risk assessment and regulation
    • S.M. Louda, A.E. Arnett, T.A. Rand, and F.L. Russell Invasiveness of some biological control insects challenges adequacy of ecological risk assessment and regulation Conserv. Biol. 17 2003 1 11
    • (2003) Conserv. Biol. , vol.17 , pp. 1-11
    • Louda, S.M.1    Arnett, A.E.2    Rand, T.A.3    Russell, F.L.4
  • 32
    • 0030866861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological effects of an insect introduced for the biological control of weeds
    • S.M. Louda, D. Kendall, J. Connor, and D. Simberloff Ecological effects of an insect introduced for the biological control of weeds Science 277 1997 1088 1090
    • (1997) Science , vol.277 , pp. 1088-1090
    • Louda, S.M.1    Kendall, D.2    Connor, J.3    Simberloff, D.4
  • 33
    • 0036272956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unexpected ecological effects of distributing the exotic weevil, Larinus planus (F.), for the biological control of Canada thistle
    • S.M. Louda, and C.W. O'Brien Unexpected ecological effects of distributing the exotic weevil, Larinus planus (F.), for the biological control of Canada thistle Conserv. Biol. 16 2002 717 727
    • (2002) Conserv. Biol. , vol.16 , pp. 717-727
    • Louda, S.M.1    O'Brien, C.W.2
  • 34
    • 0037209072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nontarget effects - The Achilles' heel of biological control? Retrospective analyses to reduce risk associated with biocontrol introductions
    • S.M. Louda, R.W. Pemberton, M.T. Johnson, and P.A. Follett Nontarget effects - The Achilles' heel of biological control? Retrospective analyses to reduce risk associated with biocontrol introductions Annu. Rev. Entomol. 48 2003 365 396
    • (2003) Annu. Rev. Entomol. , vol.48 , pp. 365-396
    • Louda, S.M.1    Pemberton, R.W.2    Johnson, M.T.3    Follett, P.A.4
  • 35
    • 13944249242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of ecological risks to populations of a threatened plant from an invasive biocontrol insect
    • S.M. Louda, T.A. Rand, A.E. Arnett, A.S. McClay, K. Shea, and A.K. McEachern Evaluation of ecological risks to populations of a threatened plant from an invasive biocontrol insect Ecol. Appl. 15 2005 234 249
    • (2005) Ecol. Appl. , vol.15 , pp. 234-249
    • Louda, S.M.1    Rand, T.A.2    Arnett, A.E.3    McClay, A.S.4    Shea, K.5    McEachern, A.K.6
  • 37
    • 0002609851 scopus 로고
    • The potential of Larinus planus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), an accidentally-introduced insect in North America, for biological control of Cirsium arvense
    • Delfosse, E.S. (Ed.) 6-11 March 1988. Instituto Sperimentale per la Patologia Vegetale Ministero dell'Agricoltura e delle Foreste, Rome, Italy
    • McClay, A.S., 1990. The potential of Larinus planus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), an accidentally-introduced insect in North America, for biological control of Cirsium arvense. In: Delfosse, E.S. (Ed.), Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on the Biological Control of Weeds, 6-11 March 1988. Instituto Sperimentale per la Patologia Vegetale Ministero dell'Agricoltura e delle Foreste, Rome, Italy, pp. 173-179.
    • (1990) Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on the Biological Control of Weeds , pp. 173-179
    • McClay, A.S.1
  • 38
    • 0000376047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Host specificity and biological pest control
    • P.B. McEvoy Host specificity and biological pest control BioScience 46 1996 401 405
    • (1996) BioScience , vol.46 , pp. 401-405
    • McEvoy, P.B.1
  • 39
    • 0001862179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why things bite back: Unintended consequences of biological control of weeds
    • P.A. Follett J.J. Duan Kluwer Academic Publishers Boston, MA
    • P.B. McEvoy, and E.M. Coombs Why things bite back: Unintended consequences of biological control of weeds P.A. Follett J.J. Duan Nontarget Effects of Biological Control 2000 Kluwer Academic Publishers Boston, MA 176 194
    • (2000) Nontarget Effects of Biological Control , pp. 176-194
    • McEvoy, P.B.1    Coombs, E.M.2
  • 40
    • 0037665167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insect herbivores associated with species of Solanum (Solanaceae) in northeastern Argentina and southeastern Paraguay, with reference to biological control of weeds in South Africa and the United States of America
    • T. Olckers, J.C. Medal, and D.E. Gandolfo Insect herbivores associated with species of Solanum (Solanaceae) in northeastern Argentina and southeastern Paraguay, with reference to biological control of weeds in South Africa and the United States of America Florida Entomol. 85 2002 254 260
    • (2002) Florida Entomol. , vol.85 , pp. 254-260
    • Olckers, T.1    Medal, J.C.2    Gandolfo, D.E.3
  • 41
    • 0033960826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-target effects of an introduced biological control agent on deer mouse ecology
    • D.E. Pearson, K.S. McKelvey, and L.F. Ruggiero Non-target effects of an introduced biological control agent on deer mouse ecology Oecologia 122 2000 121 128
    • (2000) Oecologia , vol.122 , pp. 121-128
    • Pearson, D.E.1    McKelvey, K.S.2    Ruggiero, L.F.3
  • 42
    • 0033709512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictable risk to native plants in weed biological control
    • R.W. Pemberton Predictable risk to native plants in weed biological control Oecologia 125 2000 489 494
    • (2000) Oecologia , vol.125 , pp. 489-494
    • Pemberton, R.W.1
  • 43
  • 44
    • 4444294772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exotic weed invasion increases the susceptibility of native plants to attack by a biocontrol herbivore
    • T.A. Rand, and S.M. Louda Exotic weed invasion increases the susceptibility of native plants to attack by a biocontrol herbivore Ecology 85 2004 1548 1554
    • (2004) Ecology , vol.85 , pp. 1548-1554
    • Rand, T.A.1    Louda, S.M.2
  • 45
    • 27744462248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invasive insect abundance varies across the biogeographic distribution of a newly adopted host plant
    • in press.
    • Rand, T.A., Louda, S.M., 2005. Invasive insect abundance varies across the biogeographic distribution of a newly adopted host plant. Ecol. Appl., in press.
    • (2005) Ecol. Appl.
    • Rand, T.A.1    Louda, S.M.2
  • 46
    • 27744434109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local vs. landscape scale indirect effects of an invasive weed on native plants
    • T.A. Rand, F.L. Russell, and S.M. Louda Local vs. landscape scale indirect effects of an invasive weed on native plants Weed Technol. 18 2004 1250 1254
    • (2004) Weed Technol. , vol.18 , pp. 1250-1254
    • Rand, T.A.1    Russell, F.L.2    Louda, S.M.3
  • 47
    • 13944280185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Demographic and evolutionary impacts of native and invasive insect herbivores on Cirsium canescens
    • K.E. Rose, S.M. Louda, and M. Rees Demographic and evolutionary impacts of native and invasive insect herbivores on Cirsium canescens Ecology 86 2005 453 465
    • (2005) Ecology , vol.86 , pp. 453-465
    • Rose, K.E.1    Louda, S.M.2    Rees, M.3
  • 48
    • 2942620009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phenological synchrony affects interaction strength of an exotic weevil with Platte thistle, a native host plant
    • F.L. Russell, and S.M. Louda Phenological synchrony affects interaction strength of an exotic weevil with Platte thistle, a native host plant Oecologia 139 2004 525 534
    • (2004) Oecologia , vol.139 , pp. 525-534
    • Russell, F.L.1    Louda, S.M.2
  • 49
    • 27544496536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indirect interaction between two native thistles mediated by an invasive exotic floral herbivore
    • in press.
    • Russell, F.L., Louda, S.M., 2005. Indirect interaction between two native thistles mediated by an invasive exotic floral herbivore. Oecologia, in press.
    • (2005) Oecologia
    • Russell, F.L.1    Louda, S.M.2
  • 50
    • 0035187204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Host range testing of insects for biological weed control: How can it be better interpreted?
    • U. Schaffner Host range testing of insects for biological weed control: How can it be better interpreted? BioScience 51 2001 951 959
    • (2001) BioScience , vol.51 , pp. 951-959
    • Schaffner, U.1
  • 51
    • 0030437519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How risky is biological control?
    • D. Simberloff, and P. Stiling How risky is biological control? Ecology 77 1996 1965 1974
    • (1996) Ecology , vol.77 , pp. 1965-1974
    • Simberloff, D.1    Stiling, P.2
  • 52
    • 0034052617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discrimination within and between host species by a butterfly: Implications for design of preference experiments
    • M.C. Singer, and J.R. Lee Discrimination within and between host species by a butterfly: Implications for design of preference experiments Ecol. Lett. 3 2000 101 105
    • (2000) Ecol. Lett. , vol.3 , pp. 101-105
    • Singer, M.C.1    Lee, J.R.2
  • 53
    • 3342918439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological control not on target
    • P. Stiling Biological control not on target Biol. Invasions 6 2004 151 159
    • (2004) Biol. Invasions , vol.6 , pp. 151-159
    • Stiling, P.1
  • 54
    • 0042710949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phenological variation as protection against defoliating insects: The case of Quercus robur and Operophtera brumata
    • O.P. Tikkanen, and R. Julkunen-Tiitto Phenological variation as protection against defoliating insects: The case of Quercus robur and Operophtera brumata Oecologia 136 2003 244 251
    • (2003) Oecologia , vol.136 , pp. 244-251
    • Tikkanen, O.P.1    Julkunen-Tiitto, R.2
  • 56
    • 0344385200 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fish and Wildlife Reference Service, Bethesda, MD, Fort Snelling, MI.
    • US Fish and Wildlife Service, 2002. Pitcher's Thistle (Cirsium pitcheri) Recovery Plan. Fish and Wildlife Reference Service, Bethesda, MD, Fort Snelling, MI.
    • (2002) Pitcher's Thistle (Cirsium Pitcheri) Recovery Plan
  • 58
    • 0009387013 scopus 로고
    • A European weevil, Larinus carlinae Oliver, collected in Maryland
    • J.C. White A European weevil, Larinus carlinae Oliver, collected in Maryland Coop. Economic Insect Rep. 22 1972 418
    • (1972) Coop. Economic Insect Rep. , vol.22 , pp. 418
    • White, J.C.1
  • 59
    • 27744493554 scopus 로고
    • Weed projects for Canada
    • Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control, European Station, Delemont, Switzerland.
    • Zwölfer, H., 1964. Weed projects for Canada. Progress Report No. X: Larinus and Rhinocyllus. Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control, European Station, Delemont, Switzerland.
    • (1964) Progress Report No. X: Larinus and Rhinocyllus
    • Zwölfer, H.1
  • 60
    • 0013337975 scopus 로고
    • Study of host plant relationships of European members of the genus Larinus (Col.: Curculioinidae)
    • H. Zwölfer, K.E. Frick, and L.A. Andres Study of host plant relationships of European members of the genus Larinus (Col.: Curculioinidae) Tech. Bull. Commonw. Inst. Biol. Control 14 1971 97 141
    • (1971) Tech. Bull. Commonw. Inst. Biol. Control , vol.14 , pp. 97-141
    • Zwölfer, H.1    Frick, K.E.2    Andres, L.A.3
  • 61
    • 0001025998 scopus 로고
    • Host specificity determination of insects for biological control of weeds
    • H. Zwölfer, and P. Harris Host specificity determination of insects for biological control of weeds Annu. Rev. Entomol. 16 1971 159 178
    • (1971) Annu. Rev. Entomol. , vol.16 , pp. 159-178
    • Zwölfer, H.1    Harris, P.2
  • 62
    • 84974360680 scopus 로고
    • Biology and host specificity of Rhinocyllus conicus (Froel.) (Col., Curculionidae), a successful agent for biocontrol of the thistle, Carduus nutans L
    • H. Zwölfer, and P. Harris Biology and host specificity of Rhinocyllus conicus (Froel.) (Col., Curculionidae), a successful agent for biocontrol of the thistle, Carduus nutans L Z. Angew. Entomol. 97 1984 36 62
    • (1984) Z. Angew. Entomol. , vol.97 , pp. 36-62
    • Zwölfer, H.1    Harris, P.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.