Current shifts in abrupt climate change: The stability of the North Atlantic conveyor and its influence on future climate

Geography

Volumn 90, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 250-266

  O'Hare, Greg ^a   Johnson, Andy ^b   Pope, Richard ^b  

^a Department of Geography ^*  (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF DERBY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE CHANGE; GLOBAL WARMING; OCEANIC CIRCULATION; PALEOCLIMATE;

ATLANTIC OCEAN; ATLANTIC OCEAN (NORTH); OCEANIC REGIONS; WORLD;

ANTHOZOA;

EID: 27644572729     PISSN: 00167487     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Alley, R.B. and Clark, P.U. (1999) 'The deglaciation of the northern hemisphere: a global perspective', Annual Review Earth Planet Science, 27, pp. 149-82.
2. Anderson, D. (2000) 'Abrupt climate change', Geography Review, March 2000, pp. 2-6.
3. BBC (2003) Horizon 'The Big Chill', screened 13 November.
4. Berger, A. and Loutre, M.F. (2002) 'An exceptionally long interglacial ahead?', Science, 297, pp. 1287-8.
5. Bonan, G.B. (1999) 'Frost followed the plough: impacts of deforestation on the climate of the United States', Ecological Applications, 9, pp. 1305-15.
6. Bond, G.C., Broecker, W., Johnsen, S., McManus, J., Labeyrie, J. and Bonani, G. (1993) 'Correlations between climate records from North Atlantic sediments and Greenland ice', Nature, 365, pp. 143-7.
7. Brown, P. (2005) 'Hotter world may freeze Britain', The Guardian, 2 February, p. 9.
8. Broecker, W. (1987) 'Unpleasant surprises in the greenhouse', Nature, 328, pp. 123-6.
9. Broecker, W.S., Clark, E., McCorckle, D.C., Peng T-H., Hajdas, I. and Bonani, G. (1999) 'Evidence for a reduction in the carbonate ion content of the deep sea during the course of the Holocene', Paleoceanography, 3, p. 317.
10. Broecker, W.S., Peteet, D.M. and Rind, D. (1985) 'Does the ocean-atmosphere system have more than one stable mode of operation?', Nature, 315, pp. 21-6.
11. Chase, T.N., Pielke, R.A., Kittel, T.G.F., Zhao, M., Pitman, A.J., Running, S.W. and Nemani, R.R. (2001) 'Relative climate effects of landcover change and elevated carbon dioxide combined with aerosols: a comparison of model results and observations', Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 106, pp. 31685-91.
12. Cox, J.D. (2005) Climate Crash: Abrupt climate change and what it means for our future. Washington DC: Joseph Henry Press.
13. Curry, R., Dickson, B. and Yashayaev, I. (2003) 'A change in the freshwater balance of the Atlantic Ocean over the past four decades', Nature, 426, pp. 826-9.
14. Dickson, B. (1999) 'All change in the Arctic', Nature, 397, pp. 389-90.
15. Dickson, B., Yashayaev, I., Meincke, J., Turrell, B., Dye, S. and Holfort, J. (2002) 'Rapid freshening of the deep North Atlantic Ocean over the past four decades', Nature, 416, pp. 832-6.
16. Dowsett, H.J., Cronin, T.M., Poore, R.Z., Thompson, R.S., Whatley, R.C. and Wood, A.M. (1992) 'Micropaleontological evidence for increased meridional heat transport in the North Atlantic Ocean during the Pliocene', Science, 258, pp. 1133-35.
17. Dowsett, H., Barron, J. and Poore, R. (1996) 'Middle Pliocene sea surface temperatures: a global reconstruction', Marine Micropaleontology, 27, pp. 13-25.
18. Dowsett, H.J., Barron, J.A., Poore, R.Z., Thompson, R.S., Cronin, T.M., Ishman, S.E. and Willard, D.A., (1999) 'Middle Pliocene paleoenvironmental reconstruction: PRISM2', USGS Open File Report 99-535 (available online: http://pubs.usgs.gov/openfile/of99-535).
19. Elliot, M., Labeyrie, L. and Duplessy J-C. (2002) 'Changes in North Atlantic deep-water formation associated with the Dansgaard-Oeschger temperature oscillations (60-10ka)', Quaternary Science Review, 21, pp. 1153-65.
20. EPICA (2004) 'Eight glacial cycles from an Antarctic ice core', Nature, 429, pp. 623-8.
21. Fichefet, T., Poncin, C., Goosse, H., Huybrechts, P., Janssens, I. and Le Treut. H. (2003) 'Implications of changes in freshwater flux from the Greenland ice sheet for the climate of the 21st century', Geophysical Research Letters, 30, 17, pp. 1-4.
22. Ganopolski, A. and Rahmstorf, S. (2001) 'Rapid changes of glacial climate simulated in a coupled climate model', Nature, 409, pp. 153-8.
23. Gent, P.R. (2001) 'Will the North Atlantic Ocean thermohaline circulation weaken during the 21st century?', Geophysical Research Letters, 28, 6, pp. 1023-6.
24. Hallam, A. (2004) Catastrophes and Lesser Calamities. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
25. Hansen, B., Turrell, W.R. and Osterhus, S. (2001) 'Decreasing overflow from the Nordic seas into the North Atlantic Ocean through the Faroe Bank channel since 1950', Nature, 411, pp. 927-30.
26. Haywood, A.M., Sellwood, B.W. and Valdes, P.J. (2000) 'Regional warming: Pliocene (3Ma) paleoclimate of Europe and the Mediterranean', Geology, 28, 12, pp. 1063-6.
27. Haywood, A.M. and Valdes, P.J. (2004) 'Modelling Pliocene warmth: contribution of atmosphere, oc̀eans and cryosphere', Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 218, pp. 363-77.
28. Henderson, M. (2001) 'Britain faces climate as cold as Canada's', The Times, 7 September, p. 8.
29. Houghton, J. (1997) Global Warming: The complete briefing. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
30. Houghton, J. et al. (2001) Climate Change 2001: The scientific basis. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
31. Hulme, M. and Jenkins, G. (1998) Climate Change Scenarios for the United Kingdom. Scientific Report with Summary, UK Climate Impacts Programme, Technical Report No 1. Norwich: University of East Anglia.
32. Imbrie, J. and Imbrie, K. (1979) Ice Ages: Solving the mystery. London: MacMillan.
33. The Independent (2004) 'Disaster at sea: global warming hits UK birds', 30 July, p. 1.
34. 2 trapped in ice at Taylor Dome, Antarctica', Nature, 398, p. 121.
35. IPCC (2001) Climate Change 2001: The scientific basis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
36. Jenkins, G., Betts, R., Collins, M., Griggs, D., Lowe, J. and Wood, R. (2005) Stabilising Climate to Avoid Dangerous Climate Change. London: The Hadley Centre/DEFRA.
37. Keigwin, L.D. and Lehman, S.J. (1994) 'Deep circulation change linked to Heinrich event 1 and Younger Dryas in a mid-depth North Atlantic core', Paleoceanography, 9, pp. 185-94.
38. Latif, M., Roecker, E., Mikolajewicz, U. and Voss R. (2000) 'Tropical stabilization of the thermohaline circulation in a greenhouse warming simulation', Journal of Climate, 13, 11, pp. 1809-13.
39. 2 on the ocean-atmosphere system', Nature, 364, pp. 215-18.
40. McManus, J.F. (2004) 'A great grand-daddy of ice cores', Nature, 429, pp. 611-12.
41. Muller, R. and MacDonald, G. (1995) 'Glacial cycles and orbital inclination', Nature, 377, pp. 107-8.
42. The National Academy of Sciences (1975) 'NAS warning on climate change', Science News, 25, January.
43. The National Academies (2004) Abrupt Climate Change: Inevitable surprises. (National Research Council Report). Washington DC: National Academies Press (available online: www.nap.edu).
44. NGRIP (North Greenland Ice Core Project members) (2004) 'High resolution record of Northern Hemisphere climate extending into the last interglacial period', Nature, 431, pp. 147-51.
45. O'Hare, G. (2000) 'Reviewing the uncertainties of climate change science', Area, 32, 4, pp. 357-68.
46. O'Hare, G., Sweeney, J. and Wilby R. (2005) Weather Climate and Climate Change: Human perspectives. London: Pearson.
47. Oppo, D and Lehman S.J. (1993) 'Mid-depth circulation of the subpolar North Atlantic during the Last Glacial Maximum', Science, 259, pp. 1148-52.
48. Paillard, D. (2001) 'Glacial cycles: towards a new paradigm', Geophysical Review, 39, pp. 325-46.
49. Peterson, B.J., Holmes, R.M., McClelland, J.W, Vörösmarty, C.J., Lammers, R.B., Shiklomanov, A.J., Shiklomanov, I.A. and Rahmstorf, S. (2002) 'Increasing river discharge to the Arctic Ocean', Science, 298, pp. 2171-73.
50. Petit, J.R. et al. (1999) 'Climate and atmospheric history of the past 420,000 years from the Vostok ice core, Antarctica', Nature, 399, pp. 429-36.
51. Rahmstorf, S. (1999) 'Shifting seas in the greenhouse?', Nature, 399, pp. 523-4.
52. Rahmstorf, S. (2002) 'Ocean circulation and climate during the past 120,000 years', Nature, 419, pp. 207-14.
53. Raymo, M.E. and Ruddiman, W.F. (1992) 'Tectonic forcing of late Cenozoic climate', Nature, 359, pp. 117-22.
54. Raymo, M.E., Grant, B., Horowitz, M. and Rau, G.H. (1996) 'Mid-Pliocene warmth: stronger greenhouse and stronger conveyor', Marine Micropaleontology, 27, pp. 313-26.
55. Renssen, H., Van Geel, B., Van der Plicht, J. and Magny, M. (2001) 'Reduced solar activity as a trigger for the start of the Younger Dryas?', Quaternary International, 68-71, pp. 373-83.
56. Ruddiman, W.F. (2001) Earth's Climate: Past and present. New York: Freeman Press.
57. Ruddiman, W.F. (2003) 'The anthropogenic greenhouse era began thousands of years ago', Climate Change, 61, pp. 261-93.
58. Ruddiman, W.F. (2005) 'How did humans first alter global climate?', Scientific American, March, pp. 34-41.
59. Sarnthein, M. et al. (1994) 'Changes in east Atlantic deepwater circulation over the last 30,000 years: eight time slice reconstructions', Paleoceanography, 9, pp. 209-67.
60. Solanki, S.K., Usoskin, I.G., Kromer, B., Schussler, M. and Beer, J. (2004) 'Unusual activity of the sun during recent decades compared to the previous 11,000 years', Nature, 431, pp. 1084-7.
61. Stanley, S.M. (1995) 'New horizons for paleontology, with two examples - the rise and fall of the Cretaceous Supertethys and the cause of the modern ice age', Journal of Paleontology, 69, pp. 999-1007.
62. Stainforth, D.A., Aina, T., Christensen, C. et al. (2005) 'Uncertainty in predictions of the climate response to rising levels of greenhouse gases', Nature, 433, pp. 403-6.
63. 2 emission rates on the stability of the thermohaline circulation', Nature, 388, pp. 862-5.
64. Stouffer, R.J. and Manabe, S. (1999) 'Response of a coupled ocean-atmosphere model to increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide: sensitivity to the rate of increase', Journal of Climatology, 12, pp. 2224-37.
65. UK Climate Impacts Programme (2002) UKCIP02 Climate Scenarios. London/ Oxford: DEFRA/University of Oxford (available online:www.ukcip.org.uk).
66. 2 concentration in the coupled atmospheric-ocean general circulation model ECHAM3/LSG', Climate Dynamics, 17, pp. 45-60.
67. Wigley, T.M.L. (1999) The Science of Climate Change: Global and US perspectives. Arlington VI: Pew Center on Global Climate Change.
68. 2 forcing in a climate model', Nature, 399, pp. 572-5.
69. Wu, P.L., Wood, R. and Stott, P. (2004) 'Does the recent freshening trend in the North Atlantic indicate a weakening thermohaline circulation?', Geophysical Research Letters, 31, 2, p. 4.