Cyclosporin-induced gingival overgrowth in children

International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry

Volumn 15, Issue 6, 2005, Pages 403-411

  Wright, G ^a   Welbury, R R ^a   Hosey, M T ^a  

^a GLASGOW DENTAL HOSPITAL AND SCHOOL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CYCLOSPORIN; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT; TACROLIMUS;

CHEMICALLY INDUCED DISORDER; CHILD; GINGIVA OVERGROWTH; HUMAN; METABOLISM; REVIEW;

CHILD; CYCLOSPORINE; GINGIVAL OVERGROWTH; HUMANS; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENTS; TACROLIMUS;

EID: 27644507331     PISSN: 09607439     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-263X.2005.00676.x     Document Type: Review

References (74)

1. Kelly DA. Diseases of the Liver and Biliary Systems in Children, 2nd edn. Oxford: Blackwell, 2002.
2. Irshied J, Bimstein E. Oral diagnosis of Behçet disease in an eleven-year old girl and the non-surgical treatment of her gingival overgrowth caused by Cyclosporine. Journal of Clinical Paediatric Dentistry 2001; 26: 93-98.
3. Hefti AF, Eshenaur AE, Hassell TM, Stone C. Gingival overgrowth in cyclosporine A treated multiple sclerosis patients. Journal of Periodontology 1994; 65: 744-749.
4. Oettinger-Barak O, Machtei EE, Peled M, Barak SL, Naaj IA, Laufer D. Cyclosporine A-induced gingival hyperplasia pemphigus vulgaris: literature review and report of a case. Journal of Periodontology 2000; 71: 650-656.
5. Raafat RH, Kalia A, Travis LB, Diven SC. High-dose oral cyclosporin therapy for recurrent focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in children. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 2004; 44: 50-56.
6. Seymour RA, Thomason JM, Nolan A. Oral lesions in organ transplant patients. Oral Pathology and Medicine 1997; 26: 297-304.
7. Roland SL, Seymour RA, Wilkins BS, Parry G, Thomason JM. Post transplant proliferative disorders presenting as gingival overgrowth in patients immunosuppressed with cyclosporin. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 2004; 31: 581-585.
8. Calne RY. Cyclosporin. Nephron 1980; 26: 57-63.
9. Rateitschak-Plus EM, Hefti A, Lortscher R, Thiel G. Initial observation that cyclosporin-A induces gingival enlargement in man. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 1983; 10: 237-246.
10. Wysocki GP, Gretzinger HA, Laupacis A, Ulan RA, Stiller CR. Fibrous hyperplasia of the gingiva: a side effect of cyclosporin-A therapy. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine and Oral Pathology 1983; 55: 274-278.
11. Tyldesley WR, Rotter E. Gingival hyperplasia induced by cyclosporin-A. British Dental Journal 1984; 157: 305-309.
12. Savage NW, Seymour GJ, Robinson MF. Cyclosporin-A induced gingival enlargement: a case report. Journal of Periodontology 1987; 58: 475-480.
13. Starzl TE, Demetris AJ, Vanthiel D. Liver transplantation I. New England Journal of Medicine 1989a; 321: 1014-1022.
14. Starzl TE, Demetris AJ, Vanthiel D. Liver transplantation II. New England Journal of Medicine 1989b; 321: 1092-1099.
15. Starzl TE, Klintmalm GBG, Porter KA, Iwatsuki S, Schroter GPJ. Liver transplantation with use of cyclosporin-A and prednisone. New England Journal of Medicine 1981; 305: 266-269.
16. Seymour RA. Calcium channel blockers and gingival overgrowth. British Dental Journal 1991; 17: 376-379.
17. Seymour RA, Heasman PA (eds). Drugs, Diseases and the Peridontium. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992.
18. Ross PJ, Nazif M, Zullo T, Zitelli B, Guevara P. Effects of Cyclosporin A on gingival status following liver transplantation. Journal of Dentistry for Children 1989; 56: 56-59.
19. Dongari A, Mcdonnell HT, Langlais RP. Drug-induced gingival overgrowth. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine and Oral Pathology 1993; 76: 543-548.
20. Thomason JM, Seymour RA, Rice N. The prevalence and severity of cyclosporin and Nifedapine-induced gingival overgrowth. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 1993; 20: 37-40.
21. Somacarrera ML, Hernandez G, Acero J, Moskow BS. Factors related to the incidence and severity of cyclosporin induced gingival overgrowth in transplant patients. A longitudinal study. Journal of Periodontology 1994; 65: 671-675.
22. Hosey MT, Gordon G, Kelly DA, Shaw L. Oral findings in children with liver transplants. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 1995; 5: 29-34.
23. Lowry LY, Welbury RR, Seymour RA, Waterhouse PJ, Hamilton JR. Gingival overgrowth in paediatric cardiac transplant patients: a study of 19 patients aged between 2 and 16 years. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 1995; 5: 217-222.
24. James JA, Marley JJ, Jamal S, et al. The calcium channel blocker used with cyclosporin has an effect on gingival overgrowth. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 2000; 27: 109-115.
25. Hassell TM, Stanek EJ. Evidence that healthy human gingiva contains functionally heterogeneous fibroblast subpopulations. Archives of Oral Biology 1983; 28: 617-625.
26. Daly CG. Resolution of cyclosporin-A (CsA)-induced gingival enlargement following reduction in CsA dosage. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 1992; 19: 143-145.
27. Thomason JM, Seymour RA, Ellis JS, et al. Determinants of gingival overgrowth severity in organ transplant patients. An examination of the role of HLA phenotype. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 1996; 23: 628-634.
28. Kilpatrick NM, Weintraub RG, Lucas JO, Shipp A, Byrt T, Wilkinson JL. Gingival overgrowth in pediatric heart and heart-lung transplant recipients. Journal of Heart Lung Transplant 1997; 16: 1231-1237.
29. Lindholm A, Kahan BD. Influence of cyclosporine pharmacokinetics, trough concentrations, and AUC monitoring on outcome after kidney transplantation. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 1993; 54: 205-218.
30. Karpinia KA, Matt M, Fennell RS, Hefti AF. Factors affecting cyclosporine-induced gingival overgrowth in pediatric renal transplant recipients. Paediatric Dentistry 1996; 18: 450-455.
31. Allman SD, McWhorter AG, Seale NS. Evaluation of cyclosporin-induced gingival overgrowth in the pediatric transplant patient. Pediatric Dentistry 1994; 16: 36-40.
32. Wondimu B, Dahllof G, Berg U, Modeer T. Cyclosporin-A-induced gingival overgrowth in renal transplant children. Scandinavian Journal of Dental Research 1993; 101: 282-286.
33. Irshied J, Bimstein E. Oral diagnosis of Behçet's disease in an eleven-year old girl and the non-surgical treatment of her gingival overgrowth caused by cyclosporine. Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 2001; 26: 93-98.
34. Chabria D, Weintraub RG, Kilpatrick NM. Mechanisms and management of gingival overgrowth in paediatric transplant recipients: a review. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2003; 13: 220-229.
35. Williamson MS, Miller EK, Plemons J, Rees T, Iacopino AM. Cyclosporine A upregulates interleukin-6 gene expression in human gingiva: possible mechanism for gingival overgrowth. Journal of Periodontology 1994; 65: 895-903.
36. Butler RT, Kalkwarf KL, Kaldahl WB. Drug-induced gingival hyperplasia: phenytoin, cyclosporine, and nifedipine. Journal of the American Dental Association 1987; 114: 56-60.
37. Gagliano N, Moscheni C, Dellavia C, et al. Effect of cyclosporin A on human gingival fibroblast collagen turnover in relation to the development of gingival overgrowth: an in vitro study. Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy 2004; 58: 231-238.
38. Boratnyska M, Radwan-Oczko M, Falkiewicz K, Klinger M, Szyber P. Gingival overgrowth in kidney transplant recipients treated with cyclosporine and its relationship with chronic graft nephropathy. Transplantation Proceedings 2003; 35: 2238-2240.
39. 2 laser surgery: a case report. Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 2003; 27: 123-126.
40. Chand DH, Quattrocchi J, Poe SA, Terezhalmy GT, Strife CF, Cunningham RJ. Trial of metronidazole vs. azithromycin for treatment of cyclosporine-induced gingival overgrowth. Pediatric Transplantation 2004; 8: 60-64.
41. Oettinger-Barak O, Machtei EE, Peled M, Barak SL, Maaj IA, Laufer D. Cyclosporine-induced gingival hyperplasia pemphigus vulgaris: literature review and report of a case. Journal of Periodontology 2000; 71: 650-656.
42. Pilloni A, Camargo PM, Carere M, Carranza FA Jr. Surgical treatment of cyclosporine A- and nifedipine-induced gingival enlargement: gingivectomy versus periodontal flap. Journal of Periodontology 1998; 69: 791-797.
43. McGaw T, Lam S, Coates J. Cyclosporin-induced gingival overgrowth: correlation with dental plaque scores, gingivitis scores, and cyclosporin levels in serum and saliva. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine and Oral Pathology 1987; 64: 293-297.
44. Modeer T, Wondimu B, Larsson E, Jonzon B. Levels of cyclosporin-A (CsA) in saliva in children after oral administration of the drug in mixture or in capsule form. Scandinavian Journal of Dental Research 1992; 100: 366-370.
45. Drewe J, Beglinger C, Kissel T. The absorption of cyclosporin in the human gastrointestinal tract. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 1992; 33: 39-43.
46. Schroeder TJ, Hariharan S, First MR. Variations in bioavailablity of cyclosporine and relationship to clinical outcome in renal transplant subpopulations. Transplantation Proceedings 1995; 27: 887-839.
47. Lee JI, Canafax DM. Cyclosporine pharmacology. Transplantation Proceedings 1996; 28: 2156-2158.
48. Tan KKC, Trull AK, Uttridge JA, et al. Effect of dietary fat on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cyclosporin in kidney transplant recipients. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 1995; 57: 425-433.
49. Canafax DM. Neoral cyclosporine. Transplantation Proceedings 1996; 28: 867.
50. McMaster P, Mirza DF. Optimal use of cyclosporin A in liver transplantation. Transplantation Proceedings 1994; 26: 2662-2664.
51. Superina RA, Strong DK, Acal LA, Deluca E. Relative bioavailability of Sandimmune and Sandimmune Neoral in pediatric liver recipients. Transplantation Proceedings 1994; 26: 2979-2980.
52. Dunn SP, Cooney GF, Kulinsky AV, et al. Absorption characteristics of a microemulsion formulation of cyclosporine in de novo pediatric liver transplant recipients. Transplantation 1996; 60: 1438-1442.
53. Seymour RA, Ellis JS, Thomason JM. Risk factors for drug-induced gingival overgrowth. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 2000; 27: 217-223.
54. Lin CY, Lee SF. Comparison of pharmacokinetics between CsA capsules and Sandimmune Neoral in pediatric patients. Transplantation Proceedings 1994; 26: 2973-2974.
55. Levy GA. Neoral therapy in liver transplantation. Transplantation Proceedings 1996; 28: 2225-2228.
56. Mikhail G, Eadon H, Leaver N, Yacoub M. Use of Neoral in heart transplant recipients. Transplantation Proceedings 1994; 26: 2985-2987.
57. Barone G, Chang CT, Choc GM Jr, et al. The pharmacokinetics of a microemulsion formulation of cyclosporine in primary renal allograft recipients. Transplantation 1996; 61: 875-880.
58. Bennett WM, Demattos A, Norman DJ, Meyer MM, Olaei A. Which cyclosporin formulation? Lancet 1996; 348: 205.
59. Dunn CJ, Wagstaff AJ, Perry CM, Plosker GL, Goa KL. Cyclosporin: an updated review of the pharmacokinetic properties, clinical efficacy and tolerability of a microemulsion-based formulation (Neoral®) in organ transplantation. Drugs 2001; 61: 1957-2016.
60. British Medical Association, Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain. British National Formulary, 48th edn. Oxford: Pharmaceutical Press, 2004.
61. James JA, Jamal S, Hull PS, et al. Tacrolimus is not associated with gingival overgrowth in renal transplant patients. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 2001; 28: 848-852.
62. McKaig SJ, Kelly D, Shaw L. Investigation of the effect of FK506 (tacrolimus) and cyclosporin on gingival overgrowth following paediatric liver transplantation. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2004; 12: 398-403.
63. Busque S, Demers P, Saint-Louis G, et al. Conversion from Neoral (cyclosporine) to tacrolimus of kidney transplant recipients for gingival hyperplasia or hypertrichosis. Transplantation Proceedings 1998; 30: 1247-1248.
64. Ellis JS, Seymour RA, Taylor JJ, Thomason JM. Prevalence of gingival overgrowth in transplant patients immunosuppressed with tacrolimus. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 2004; 31: 126-131.
65. Hernandez G, Arriba L, Frias MC, et al. Conversion from cyclosporin A to tacrolimus as a non-surgical alternative to reduce gingival enlargement: a preliminary case series. Journal of Periodontology 2003; 74: 1816-1823.
66. Hood KA. Drug-induced gingival hyperplasia in transplant recipients. Progress in Transplantation 2002; 12: 17-21.
67. Wondimu B, Nemeth A, Modeer T. Oral health in liver transplant children administered cyclosporin A or tacrolimus. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2001; 11: 424-429.
68. Oettinger-Barak O, Barak S, Machtei EE, Ardekian L, Baruch Y, Peled M. Periodontal changes in liver cirrhosis and post-transplantation patients. I. Clinical findings. Journal of Periodontology 2001; 72: 1236-1240.
69. James JA, Jamal S, Hull PS, et al. Tacrolimus is not associated with gingival overgrowth in renal transplant patients. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 2001; 28: 848-852.
70. Chand H, Southerland SM, Cunningham RJ III. Tacrolimus: the good, the bad, and the ugly. Pediatric Transplantation 2001; 5: 32-36.
71. Vallejo C, Iniesta P, Moraleda JM. Resolution of cyclosporine-induced gingival hyperplasia resistant to azithromycin by switching to tacrolimus. Haematologica 2001; 86: 110.
72. James A, Boomer S, Maxwell SP, et al. Reduction in gingival overgrowth associated with conversion form cyclosporin A to tacrolimus. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 2000; 27: 144-148.
73. Kemper MJ, Sparta G, Laube GF, Miozzari M, Neuhaus TJ. Neuropsychologic side-effects of tacrolimus in pediatric renal transplantation. Clinical Transplantation 2003; 17: 130-134.
74. Plosker GL, Foster RH. Tacrolimus: a further update of its pharmacology and therapeutic use in the management of organ transplantation. Drugs 2000; 59: 323-389.