The international context of Morocco's stalled democratization

Democratization

Volumn 12, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 548-566

  Cavatorta, Francesco ^a  

^a DUBLIN CITY UNIVERSITY   (Ireland)

Author keywords

Democratization; Geo strategic; International context; Islamist movements; Morocco

Indexed keywords

DEMOCRACY; ISLAMISM; POLITICAL PROCESS;

AFRICA; EASTERN HEMISPHERE; MOROCCO; NORTH AFRICA; WORLD;

EID: 26944469062     PISSN: 13510347     EISSN: 1743890X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13510340500226101     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. Guillermo O'Donnell, Philippe Schmitter and Laurence Whitehead (eds), Transitions from Authoritarian Rule (Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987).
2. Jean Grugel, 'Democratization Studies and Globalisation: the Coming of Age of a Paradigm', British Journal of Politics and International Relations, Vol.5, No.2 (2003), p.258.
3. Samuel Huntington, The Third Wave. Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century (Norman, OK and London: University of Oklahoma Press, 1991).
4. Laurence Whitehead, 'Three International Dimensions of Democratization', in Laurence Whitehead (ed.), The International Dimensions of Democratization (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996),
5. and most recently his 'Democratization with the Benefit of Flindsight', in Edward Newman and Roland Rich (eds), The UN Role in Promoting Democracy. Between Ideals and Reality (Tokyo and New York: United Nations University Press, 2004), pp.135-65.
6. Jeff Haynes, 'Comparative Politics and Globalisation', European Political Science, Vol.2, No.3 (2003), pp.17-26.
7. Daniel Brumberg, Liberalisation versus Democracy: Understanding Arab Political Reform, Working Papers (Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2003), p.3.
8. Ibid., p.3.
9. Darren Hawkins, 'Democratization Theory and Nontransitions: Insights from Cuba', Comparative Politics, Vol. 34, No.4 (2001), pp.441-6.
10. Gary King, Robert Keohane and Sidney Verba, Designing Social Inquiry. Scientific Inference in Qualitative Research (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994).
11. Bent Flyvberg, Making Social Science Matter. Why Social Inquiry Fails and How it Can Succeed Again (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001).
12. Philippe Schmitter, 'The Influence of the International Context Upon the Choice of National Institutions and Policies in New Democracies', in Whitehead, International Dimensions (note 4) p.27.
13. Hakan Yilmaz, 'External-Internal Linkages in Democratization: Developing an Open Model of Democratic Change', Democratization, Vol.9, No.2 (2002), p.68.
14. Richard Sakwa, 'Introduction. The Democratic Experience', in Richard Sakwa (ed.), The Experience of Democratization in Eastern Europe (London: Macmillan Press, 1999).
15. Geoffrey Pridham, The Dynamics of Democratization (London: Continuum, 2000).
16. Yilmaz (note 12), pp.67-84.
17. Richard Gillespie and Richard Youngs, 'Themes in European Democracy Promotion', Democratization, Vol.9, No. 1 (2002), pp. 1-16.
18. Francesco Cavatorta, 'The Failed Liberalisation of Algeria and the International Context: A Legacy of Stable Authoritarianism', Journal of North African Studies, Vol.7, No.4 (2002), pp.23-43.
19. Mustafa Hamarneh, 'Democratization in the Mashreq: the Role of External Factors', Mediterranean Politics, Vol.5, No.1 (2001), p.77.
20. Yilmaz (note 12), p.87.
21. Michael Cox, 'Rebels Without a Cause? Radical Theorists and the World System after the Cold War', New Political Economy, Vol.3, No.3 (1998), pp.445-60.
22. Kenneth Waltz, Theory of International Politics (London: Addison-Wesley, 1979).
23. Robert Chase, Emily Hill and Paul Kennedy, 'Pivotal States and US Strategy', Foreign Affairs, Vol.75, No.1 (1996), p.33.
24. For an example of such an influence see Lounis Aggoun and Jean-Baptiste Rivoire, Françalgérie. Crimes et Mensonges d'Etats (Paris: La Découverte, 2004).
25. William Quandt, Between Ballots and Bullets (Washington, DC: Brookings Institute Press, 1998).
26. Philippe Schmitter and Terry Lynn Karl, 'What Democracy Is ... and Is Not', Journal of Democracy, Vol.2, No.1 (1991), pp.75-88.
27. Sheri Berman, 'Islamism, Revolution and Civil Society', Perspectives on Politics, Vol.1, No.2 (2003), pp.257-72.
28. Tim Dunne and Brian Schmidt, 'Realism', in John Baylis and Steve Smith, The Globalization of World Politics (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001).
29. Rémy Leveau, 'Morocco at the Crossroads', Mediterranean Politics, Vol.2, No.2 (1997), p.95.
30. Marvine Howe, 'Fresh Start for Morocco', Middle East Policy, Vol.8, No.2 (2001), p.59.
31. Ibid., p.60.
32. For an overview of the relationship between Morocco and Israel see 'Le Maroc et le Mossad', Le Journal Hebdomadaire, No. 167, July 2004, pp.20-29.
33. Abdeslam Maghraoui, 'Depoliticisation in Morocco', Journal of Democracy, Vol.13, No.4 (2002), p.26.
34. Abdellatif Moutadayene, 'Economic Crises and Democratization in Morocco', Journal of North African Studies, Vol.6, No.3 (2001), p.74.
35. Michael Willis, 'After Hassan: A New Monarch in Morocco', Mediterranean Politics, Vol.4, No.3 (1999), p.218.
36. Thierry Desrues and Eduardo Moyano, 'Social Change and Political Transition in Morocco', Mediterranean Politics, Vol.6, No.1 (2001), p.40.
37. Ibid., p.41.
38. John Entelis, 'Un Courant Populaire Mis à l'Ecart', Le Monde Diplomatique, No.589 (2002), p.22.
39. Maghraoui (note 32), p.30.
40. Moutadayene (note 33), p.72.
41. Ibid.
42. Azzedine Layachi, 'Reform and the Politics of Inclusion in the Maghreb', Journal of North African Studies, Vol.5, No.3 (2000), p.25.
43. Ibid., p.26.
44. Tom Najem, 'Privatisation and the State in Morocco: Nominal Objectives and Problematic Realities', Mediterranean Politics, Vol.6, No.2 (2001), p.51.
45. See Tom Pierre Najem, 'State Power and Democratization in North Africa: Developments in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Libya', in Amin Saikal and Albrecht Schnabel (eds), Democratization in the Middle East (New York: United Nations University Press, 2003), p.187.
46. Ibid., p.188.
47. Michelle Charasse, Bilan de la cooperation avec les Etats du Maghreb: une 'rénovation' justifiée, Commission des Finances du Sénat, No.83 (Paris: 2000-2001).
48. For the details of the friendly relations between France and Morocco, see Jean-Pierre Tuquoi, Le Dernier Roi. Crépuscule d'une Dynastie (Paris: Bernard Grasset, 2001).
49. Isabel Romeo, 'The European Union and North Africa: Keeping the Mediterranean "Safe" for Europe', Mediterranean Politics, Vol.3, No.2 (1998), p.22.
50. Richard Youngs, 'European Approaches to Security in the Mediterranean', Middle East Journal, Vol.57 (2003), pp.414-31.
51. Richard Gillespie, 'Spain and the Western Mediterranean', Working Paper 37/01, ESRC Programme, Sussex University, 2001, available at (accessed 1 March 2005).
52. Pierre Vermeren, Le Maroc en transition (Paris: La Découverte, 2002), pp.222-3.
53. Gilles Perrault, Notre Ami le Roi (Paris: Gallimard, 1990).
54. Aboubakr Jamai, 'Dérive Autoritaire du Gouvernment Marocain', Le Monde Diplomatique, No.562 (2001), p.8.
55. Anoushiravan Ehteshami, 'Islam, Muslim Politics and Democracy', Democratization, Vol. 11, No.4 (2004), p.102.
56. Michael Laskier, 'A Difficult Inheritance: Moroccan Society under King Mohammed VI', Middle East Review of International Affairs, Vol.7, No.3 (2003), p.4.
57. Ibid., p.4.
58. See what can be considered the association and Yassine's political manifesto at http://www.yassine.net//lettres/memorandum.htm (accessed 22 July 2003).
59. Mustapha Kamal Pasha, 'Globalisation, Islam and Resistance', in Barry Gills (ed.), Globalisation and the Politics of Resistance (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2000), p.250.
60. Jeffrey Haynes, 'Transnational Religious Actors and International Politics', Third World Quarterly, Vol.22, No.2 (2001), pp.143-58.
61. Z. Daoud, 'L'Alternance à l'Epreuve des Faits', Le Monde Diplomatque, No.541 (1999), p.29.
62. Gary Gambill, 'Explaining the Arab Democracy Deficit, Part II: American Policy', Middle East Intelligence Bullettin, Vol.5, No.8-9 (2003), p. 1.
63. Michael Salla, 'Political Islam and the West: a New Cold War or Convergence?, Third World Quarterly, Vol.18, No.4 (1997), pp.729-42.
64. Tuquoi (note 47), p.271.
65. See 'Amnesty, le rapport qui accable', Le Journal Hebdomadaire, No.166, July 2004, pp.20-29.
66. See 'L'Armée: le grand tabou', Le Journal Hebdomadaire, No. 194, February 2005, pp. 18-27.
67. Henry Munson Junior, 'Morocco's Fundamentalists', Government and Opposition, Vol.26, No.3 (1991), pp.331-44.
68. Fareed Zakaria, 'Islam, Democracy and Constitutional Liberalism', Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 119, No.1 (2004), p.2.