Political islam and the west: A new cold war or convergence?

Third World Quarterly

Volumn 18, Issue 4, 1997, Pages 729-742

  Salla, Michael E ^a  

^a AMERICAN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ISLAMIC POLITICS; LIBERAL DEMOCRACY; US FOREIGN POLICY;

EID: 0031411655     PISSN: 01436597     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/01436599714731     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. For a definitional discussion of political Islam, see William Shepard, 'Islam and ideology: towards a typology', International Journal of Middle East Studies, 19, 1987 pp 307-335.
2. Quoted in John Esposito, The Islamic Threat: Myth or Reality, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992, p 175.
3. Leon Hadar, 'What green peril?', Foreign Policy, 72(2), 1993, p 27.
4. See David Campbell, Writing Security: United States Foreign Policy and the Politics of Identity, Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1992, p 34.
5. I will use Fred Halliday's distinction between 'essentialists1 and 'contingencists' in describing the debate: 'Review article: the politics of "Islam" - a second look' British Journal of Political Science, 25(3), 1995, p 400.
6. Ibid, p 401.
7. Benard Lewis, 'Rethinking the Middle East' Foreign Affairs, 71(4), 1992, p 116.
8. Halliday refers to three strands of the contigencist position, 'Review article: the politics of "Islam" ', pp 401-402.
9. Esposito, The Islamic Threat, p 169. See also Hadar, 'What green peril?', p 31.
10. Esposito, The Islamic Threat, p 169. See also Hadar, 'What green peril?', p 31.
11. Fred Halliday, ' "Orientalism" and its critics', British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 20(2), 1993, pp 145-146.
12. See Jacinta O'Hagan for discussion over the debate concerning the 'civilisations' argument in international relations. 'Inter-civilisational conflict: a critique of the Huntington thesis', Working Paper 1994/1, Department of International Relations, Australian National University, pp 1-19.
13. Bernard Lewis, 'The roots of muslim rage', Atlantic Monthly, 266(3), 1990, pp 47-56.
14. Leonard Binder, Islamic Liberalism: A Critique of Development Ideologies, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1988, p 107.
15. Halliday, ' "Orientalism" and its critics', p 150
16. See Edward W Saul, Orientalism, London: Routledge & Kogan Paul, 1978 pp 326-328; and Binder, Islamic Liberalism, pp 97-103.
17. See Edward W Saul, Orientalism, London: Routledge & Kogan Paul, 1978 pp 326-328; and Binder, Islamic Liberalism, pp 97-103.
18. Halliday asserts his own 'enlightenment' pedigree in ' "Orientalism" and its critics' p 146.
19. Quoted in Ralph Summy, 'Challenging the emergent orthodoxy', in Ralph Summy & Michael Salla (eds), Why the Cold War Ended: A Range of Interpretations Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1995, pp 5-6.
20. See Summy & Salla, Why the Cold War Ended.
21. Summy, 'Challenging the emergent orthodoxy', p. 1.
22. Campbell, Writing Security, p 8.
23. For discussion of the various departments involved in the US foreign policy-making process, see J A Nathan & J K Oliver, Foreign Policy Making and the American Political System, Boston, MA: Little, Brown, 1987.
24. Zbigniew Brzezinski, 'The Cold War and its aftermath', Foreign Affairs, 71(4), 1992, pp 45-46.
25. David Pipes, 'There are no moderates: dealing with fundamentalist Islam', The National Interest, Fall 1995, p 48.
26. Samies Huntington, 'The Clash of Civilizations', Foreign Affairs, vol 72, no 3, 1993, p 45.
27. Esposito, The Islamic Threat, p xiv.
28. Hadar, 'What green peril?', p 41.
29. Pipes, 'There are no moderates', pp 48-57.
30. For discussion of the economic cost of the Cold War as a critical factor in the demise of the USSR see chapters by Dennis Phillips, Keith Suter Rick Kuhn in Summy & Salla, Why the Cold War Ended.
31. Francis Fukuyama, 'The end of history', The National Interest, Summer 1989, pp 3 ff.
32. The US government has passed legislation that punishes foreign-based companies that do business with Iran. Companies such as Siemans of Germany, and BHP of Australia are unable to participate in projects in Iran and thus join US based companies who have already been banned from working in the Islamic Republic.
33. 'There are no moderates', p 57.
34. Esposito, The Islamic Threat, p 189. See also John Esposito & James Piscatori, 'Democratisation and Islam', Middle East Journal, 45(3), 1991, pp 427-440; and Hadar, 'What green peril?', p 42.
35. Esposito, The Islamic Threat, p 189. See also John Esposito & James Piscatori, 'Democratisation and Islam', Middle East Journal, 45(3), 1991, pp 427-440; and Hadar, 'What green peril?', p 42.
36. Esposito, The Islamic Threat, p 189. See also John Esposito & James Piscatori, 'Democratisation and Islam', Middle East Journal, 45(3), 1991, pp 427-440; and Hadar, 'What green peril?', p 42.
37. Nazih Ayubi, Political Islam: Religion and Politics in the Arab World, London: Routledge, 1993, pp 175-77.
38. Cf, Hadar, 'What green peril?' p 38.
39. Quoted in Campbell, Writing Security, p 25.
40. Ibid, p 27.
41. 'Futuyama, The end of history', p 3.
42. For discussion of this argument, see Rick Kuhn, 'Whose Cold War?', in Summary & Salla, Why the Cold War Ended, pp 153-170.
43. 'Islam and liberal democracy', Atlantic Monthly, 269(2), 1993, p 91. See also Pipes, 'There are no moderates', p 49.
44. 'Islam and liberal democracy', Atlantic Monthly, 269(2), 1993, p 91. See also Pipes, 'There are no moderates', p 49.
45. Futuyama, 'The end of history', p 14.
46. 'The Vatican's foreign policy', The National Interest, Summer 1993, p 41.
47. Halliday, 'Review article: the politics of "Islam" ', p 413.
48. For such a view of the universal application of liberal democracy, see Esposito & Piscatori, 'Democratisation and Islam',
49. Such metaphors may also be candidates for the Orientalist dogmas which Said discusses in Orientalism, pp 300-301.
50. For discussion of an ethical approach to North-South problems, see North South: A Programme for Survival: The Report of the Independent Commission on International Development Issues under the Chairmanship of Willy Brandt, London: Pan Books, 1980.
51. Kurth, 'The Vatican's foreign policy', p 52.
52. For further discussion of 'global fundamentalism' see Bronislaw Misztal & Anson Shupe (eds), Religion and Politics in Comparative Perspective: Revival of Religious Fundamentalism in East and West, London: Praeger, 1992.