Neuroprotection in acute ischemic stroke

Acta Neurologica Belgica

Volumn 105, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 144-148

  de Keyser, Jacques ^a   Uyttenboogaart, Maarten ^a   Koch, Marcus W ^a   Elting, Jan Willem ^a   Sulter, Geert ^b   Vroomen, Patrick C ^a   Luijckx, Gert Jan ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER GRONINGEN   (Netherlands)

^b Talma Sionsberg Ctr C   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Ischemic stroke; Neuroprotection; Neuroprotective drugs; Secondary brain damage; Stroke treatment; Thrombolysis

Indexed keywords

4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ALTEPLASE; AMPA RECEPTOR; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; ANTIDIABETIC AGENT; ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; BASIC FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; CITICOLINE; CLOMETHIAZOLE; GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; GLYCINE RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; HYPERTENSIVE AGENT; INTERCELLULAR ADHESION MOLECULE 1 ANTIBODY; LUBELUZOLE; MAGNESIUM SULFATE; N METHYL DEXTRO ASPARTIC ACID RECEPTOR; N METHYL DEXTRO ASPARTIC ACID RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; NEUROPROTECTIVE AGENT; NIMODIPINE; OXYGEN; PARACETAMOL; PIRACETAM; PLASMA SUBSTITUTE; POTASSIUM CHANNEL STIMULATING AGENT; SCAVENGER; SODIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; TIRILAZAD; UNINDEXED DRUG;

ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA; BLOOD CLOT LYSIS; BRAIN INJURY; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; CLINICAL TRIAL; DIFFUSION WEIGHTED IMAGING; DOSE RESPONSE; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG SAFETY; FEVER; HUMAN; HYPERGLYCEMIA; HYPERTHERMIA; HYPOTENSION; HYPOXEMIA; INFECTION; NEUROPROTECTION; NONHUMAN; PERFUSION WEIGHTED IMAGING; PROGNOSIS; REPERFUSION; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK REDUCTION; TIME; TREATMENT FAILURE; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 26944467196     PISSN: 03009009     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (45)

1. Astrup J., Siesjo B. K., Symon L. Thresholds in cerebral ischemia - the ischemic penumbra. Stroke, 1981, 12: 723-725.
2. Hossmann K. A. Viability thresholds and the penumbra of focal ischemia. Ann. Neurol., 1994, 36: 557-565.
3. Obrenovitch T. P. The ischaemic penumbra: twenty years on. Cerebrovasc. Brain Metab. Rev., 1995, 7: 297-323.
4. De Keyser J., Sulter G., Luiten P. G. Clinical trials with neuroprotective drugs in acute ischaemic stroke: are we doing the right thing? Trends Neurosci., 1999, 22: 535-540.
5. Touzani O., Roussel S., MacKenzie E. T. The ischaemic penumbra. Curr. Opin. Neurol., 2001, 14: 83-88.
6. Saunders D. E., Howe F. A., van Den Boogaart A., McLean M. A., Griffiths J. R. et al. Continuing ischemic damage after acute middle cerebral artery infarction in humans demonstrated by short-echo proton spectroscopy. Stroke, 1995, 26: 1007-1013.
7. Schwamm L. H., Koroshetz W. J., Sorensen A. G., Wang B., Copen W. A. et al. Time course of lesion development in patients with acute stroke: serial diffusion- and hemodynamic-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Stroke, 1998, 29: 2268-2276.
8. Heiss W. D. Ischemic penumbra: evidence from functional imaging in man. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab., 2000, 20: 1276-1293.
9. Read S. J., Hirano T., Abbott D. F., Markus R., Sachinidis J. I. et al. The fate of hypoxic tissue on 18F-fluoromisonidazole positron emission tomography after ischemic stroke. Ann. Neurol., 2000, 48: 228-235.
10. Hacke W., Donnan G., Fieschi C., Kaste M., von Kummer R. et al. Association of outcome with early stroke treatment : pooled analysis of ATLANTIS, ECASS, and NINDS rt-PA stroke trials. Lancet, 2004, 363: 768-774.
11. del Zoppo G. J., Higashida R. T., Furlan A. J., Pessin M. S., Rowley H. A. et al. PROACT: a phase II randomized trial of recombinant prourokinase by direct arterial delivery in acute middle cerebral artery stroke. PROACT Investigators. Prolyse in Acute Cerebral Thromboembolism. Stroke, 1998, 29: 4-11.
12. Saver J. L. Intra-arterial thrombolysis. Neurology, 2001, 57: S58-60.
13. Sulter G., De Keyser J. From stroke unit care to stroke care unit. J. Neurol. Sci., 1999, 162: 1-5.
14. Klijn C. J., Hankey G. J. Management of acute ischaemic stroke: new guidelines from the American Stroke Association and European Stroke Initiative. Lancet Neurol., 2003, 2: 698-701.
15. Sulter G., Elting J. W., Stewart R., Den Arend A., De Keyser J. Continuous pulse oximetry in acute hemiparetic stroke. J. Neurol. Sci., 2000, 179: 65-69.
16. Reith J., Jorgensen H. S., Pedersen P. M., Nakayama H., Raaschou H. O., et al. Body temperature in acute stroke: relation to stroke severity, infarct size, mortality, and outcome. Lancet, 1996, 347: 422-425.
17. De Keyser J. Antipyretics in acute ischaemic stroke. Lancet, 1998, 352: 6-7.
18. Sulter G., Elting J. W., Maurits N., Luyckx G. J., De Keyser J. Acetylsalicylic acid and acetaminophen to combat elevated body temperature in acute ischemic stroke. Cerebrovasc. Dis., 2004, 17: 118-122.
19. Sulter G., Elting J. W., De Keyser J. Increased serum neuron specific enolase concentrations in patients with hyperglycemic cortical ischemic stroke. Neurosci. Lett., 1998, 253: 71-73.
20. Bruno A., Biller J., Adams H. P., Jr., Clarke W. R., Woolson R. F., et al. Acute blood glucose level and outcome from ischemic stroke. Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) Investigators. Neurology, 1999, 52: 280-284.
21. Wass C. T., Lanier W. L. Glucose modulation of ischemic brain injury: review and clinical recommendations. Mayo Clin. Proc., 1996, 71: 801-812.
22. Sulter G., Elting J. W., Langedijk M., Maurits N. M., De Keyser J. Admitting acute ischemic stroke patients to a stroke care monitoring unit versus a conventional stroke unit: a randomized pilot study. Stroke, 2003, 34: 101-104.
23. Cavallini A., Micieli G., Marcheselli S., Quaglini S. Role of monitoring in management of acute ischemic stroke patients. Stroke, 2003, 34: 2599-2603.
24. Gerriets T., Stolz E., Walberer M., Kaps M., Bachmann G. et al. Neuroprotective effects of MK-801 in different rat stroke models for permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion: adverse effects of hypothalamic damage and strategies for its avoidance. Stroke, 2003, 34: 2234-2239.
25. Barber P. A., Parsons M. W., Desmond P. M., Bennett D. A., Donnan G. A. et al. The use of PWI and DWI measures in the design of "proof-of-concept" stroke trials. J. Neuroimaging, 2004, 14 : 123-132.
26. Muir K. W., Lees K. R. Clinical experience with excitatory amino acid antagonist drugs. Stroke, 1995, 26: 503-513.
27. Phan T. G., Wright P. M., Markus R., Howells D. W., Davis S. M. et al. Salvaging the ischaemic penumbra: more than just reperfusion? Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol., 2002, 29: 1-10.
28. Stys P. K. White matter injury mechanisms. Curr. Mol. Med., 2004, 4: 113-130.
29. Muir K. W., Lees K. R., Ford I., Davis S. Magnesium for acute stroke (Intravenous Magnesium Efficacy in Stroke trial): randomised controlled trial. Lancet, 2004, 363: 439-445.
30. Ahmed N., Nasman P., Wahlgren N. G. Effect of intravenous nimodipine on blood pressure and outcome after acute stroke. Stroke, 2000, 31: 1250-1255.
31. Investigators E. A. S. T. Use of anti-ICAM-1 therapy in ischemic stroke: results of the Enlimomab Acute Stroke Trial. Neurology, 2001, 57: 1428-1434.
32. Li F., Han S. S., Tatlisumak T., Liu K. F., Garcia J. H., et al. Reversal of acute apparent diffusion coefficient abnormalities and delayed neuronal death following transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Ann. Neurol., 1999, 46: 333-342.
33. Chen S. D., Lee J. M., Yang D. I., Nassief A., Hsu C. Y. Combination therapy for ischemic stroke: potential of neuroprotectants plus thrombolytics. Am. J. Cardiovasc. Drugs, 2002, 2: 303-313.
34. Sulter G., Steen C., De keyser J. Use of the Barthel index and modified Rankin scale in acute stroke trials. Stroke, 1999, 30: 1538-1541.
35. Lyden P. D., Lonzo L. Combination therapy protects ischemic brain in rats. A glutamate antagonist plus a gamma-aminobutyric acid agonist. Stroke, 1994, 25: 189-196.
36. Auer R. N. Combination therapy with U74006F (tirilazad mesylate), MK-801, insulin and diazepam in transient forebrain ischaemia. Neurol. Res., 1995, 17: 132-136.
37. Barth A., Barth L., Morrison R. S., Newell D. W. bFGF enhances the protective effects of MK-801 against ischemic neuronal injury in vitro. Neuroreport, 1996, 7: 1461-1464.
38. Stuiver B. T., Douma B. R., Bakker R., Nyakas C., Luiten P. G. In vivo protection against NMDA-induced neurodegeneration by MK-801 and nimodipine: combined therapy and temporal course of protection. Neurodegeneration, 1996, 5: 153-159.
39. Onal M. Z., Li F., Tatlisumak T., Locke K. W., Sandage B. W., Jr., et al. Synergistic effects of citicoline and MK-801 in temporary experimental focal ischemia in rats. Stroke, 1997, 28: 1060-1065.
40. Sobrado M., Lopez M. G., Carceller F., Garcia A. G., Roda J. M. Combined nimodipine and citicoline reduce infarct size, attenuate apoptosis and increase bcl-2 expression after focal cerebral ischemia. Neuroscience, 2003, 118: 107-113.
41. Culmsee C., Junker V., Kremers W., Thal S., Plesnila N. et al. Combination therapy in ischemic stroke: synergistic neuroprotective effects of memantine and clenbuterol. Stroke, 2004, 35: 1197-1202.
42. Lapchak P. A., Song D., Wei J., Zivin J. A. Coadministration of NXY-059 and tenecteplase six hours following embolic strokes in rabbits improves clinical rating scores. Exp. Neurol., 2004, 188: 279-285.
43. Olsen T. S., Weber U. J., Kammersgaard L. P. Therapeutic hypothermia for acute stroke. Lancet Neurol., 2003, 2: 410-416.
44. Berger C., Schabitz W. R., Wolf M., Mueller H., Sommer C., et al. Hypothermia and brain-derived neurotrophic factor reduce glutamate synergistically in acute stroke. Exp. Neurol., 2004, 185: 305-312.
45. Nito C., Kamiya T., Ueda M., Arii T., Katayama Y. Mild hypothermia enhances the neuroprotective effects of FK506 and expands its therapeutic window following transient focal ischemia in rats. Brain Res., 2004, 1008: 179-185.