Lysine is catabolized to 2-aminoadipic acid in Penicillium chrysogenum by an ω-aminotransferase and to saccharopine by a lysine 2-ketoglutarate reductase. Characterization of the ω-aminotransferase

Molecular Genetics and Genomics

Volumn 274, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 272-282

  De Valmaseda, E M Martín ^a   Campoy, S ^b   Naranjo, L ^b,c   Casqueiro, J ^b   Martin J F ^a,b  

^a Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas Y Ambientales   (Spain)

^b Institute of Biotechnology INBIOTEC Parque Científico de León   (Spain)

^c Fundacion Instituto de Estudios Avanzados IDEA   (Venezuela)

Author keywords

Aminotransferase; 2 Aminoadipic acid; Lysine; Penicillin biosynthesis; Penicillium chrysogenum

Indexed keywords

2 AMINOADIPIC ACID; 2 OXOGLUTARIC ACID; AMINO ACID DERIVATIVE; AMINOTRANSFERASE; AMMONIA; LYSINE DERIVATIVE; NITROGEN; PENICILLIN G; PYRUVIC ACID; SACCHAROPINE DEHYDROGENASE;

AMINO TERMINAL SEQUENCE; ARTICLE; ASPERGILLUS NIDULANS; BIOSYNTHESIS; CATABOLISM; EMERICELLA; ENZYME ACTIVITY; HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; NONHUMAN; PENICILLIUM CHRYSOGENUM; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION;

2-AMINOADIPIC ACID; AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; BASE SEQUENCE; CHROMATOGRAPHY, HIGH PRESSURE LIQUID; LYSINE; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; PENICILLINS; PENICILLIUM CHRYSOGENUM; SACCHAROPINE DEHYDROGENASES; SEQUENCE ANALYSIS, DNA; TRANSAMINASES;

EMERICELLA; EMERICELLA NIDULANS; PENICILLIUM CHRYSOGENUM;

EID: 26944461940     PISSN: 16174615     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00438-005-0018-3     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Aharonowitz Y et al (1993) Delta-(L-alpha-aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D- valine synthetase, the multienzyme integrating the four primary reactions in beta-lactam biosynthesis, as a model peptide synthetase. Biotechnology 11:807-810
2. Aharonowitz Y, Cohen G, Martín JF (1992) Penicillin and cephalosporin biosynthetic genes: structure, organisation, regulation, and evolution. Annu Rev Microbiol 46:461-495
3. Albrecht AM, Vogel HJ (1964) Acetylornithine δ-transaminase. Partial purification and repression behavior. J Biol Chem 239:1872-1876
4. Arruda P, Kemper EL, Papes F, Leite A (2000) Regulation of lysine catabolism in higher plants. Trends Plant Sci 5:324-330
5. Bañuelos O, Casqueiro J, Fierro F, Hijarrubia MJ, Gutiérrez S, Martín JF (1999) Characterization and lysine control of expression of the lys1 gene of Penicillium chrysogenum encoding homocitrate synthase. Gene 226:51-59
6. Bañuelos O, Casqueiro J, Gutiérrez S, Martín JF (2000) Overexpression of the lys1 gene in Penicillium chrysogenum: Homocitrate synthase levels, α-aminoadipic acid pool and penicillin production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 54:69-77
7. Bhattacharjee JK (1985) α-Aminoadipate pathway for the biosynthesis of lysine in lower eukaryotes. Crit Rev Microbiol 12:131-151
8. Casqueiro J, Gutiérrez S, Bañuelos O, Fierro F, Velasco J, Martín JF (1998) Characterization of the lys2 gene of Penicillium chrysogenum encoding α-aminoadipic acid reductase. Mol Gen Genet 259:549-556
9. Casqueiro J, Gutiérrez S, Bañuelos O, Hijarrubia MJ, Martín JF (1999) Gene targeting in Penicillium chrysogenum: Disruption of the lys2 gene leads to penicillin overproduction. J Bacteriol 181:1181-1188
10. Chang YF, Adams E (1971) Induction of separate catabolic pathways for L- and D-lysine in Pseudomonas putida. Biochem Biophys Acta 45:570-576
11. Chang YF, Adams E (1974) D-lysine catabolic pathway in Pseudomonas putida: interrelations with L-lysine catabolism. J Bacteriol 117:753-764
12. Coque JJR, Liras P, Láiz L, Martín JF (1991) A gene encoding lysine 6-aminotransferase, which forms the β-lactam precursor α-aminoadipic acid, is located in the cluster of cephamycin biosynthetic genes in Nocardia lactamdurans. J Bacteriol 173:6258-6264
13. Díez B, Gutiérrez S, Barredo JL, van Solingen P, van der Voort Lucia HM, Martín JF (1990) The cluster of penicillin biosynthetic genes. J Biol Chem 265:16358-16365
14. Diez B, Mellado E, Rodríguez M, Bernasconi E, Barredo JL (1999) The NADP-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase gene from Penicillium chrysogenum and the construction of expression vectors for filamentous fungi. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 52:196-207
15. Dzikowska A, Swianiewicz M, Talarczyk A, Wisniewska M, Goras M, Scazzocchio C, Weglenski P (1999) Cloning, characterisation and regulation of the ornithine transaminase (otaA) gene of Aspergillus nidulans. Curr Genet 35:118-126
16. Esmahan C, Álvarez E, Montenegro E, Martín JF (1994) Catabolism of lysine in Penicillium chrysogenum leads to formation of a-aminoadipic acid, a precursor of penicillin biosynthesis. Appl Enviroment Microbiol 60:1705-1710
17. 15N NMR study on D-lysine metebolism in Neurospora crassa. J Biol Chem 255:10205-10209
18. Fierro F, Barredo JL, Díez B, Gutiérrez S, Fernández FJ, Martín JF (1995) The penicillin gene cluster is amplified in tandem repeats linked by conserved hexanucleotide sequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:6200-6204
19. Fothergill JC, Guest JR (1977) Catabolism of L-lysine by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Gen Microbiol 99:139-155
20. Friedrich GC, Demain AL (1978) Uptake and metabolism of (-aminoadipate by Penicillium chrysogenum. Arch Microbiol 119:43-47
21. Hijarrubia MJ, Aparicio JF, Martín JF (2002) Nitrate regulation of α-Aminoadipate reductase formation and lysine inhibition of its activity in Penicillium chrysogenum and Acremonium chrysogenum. Appl Microb Biotechnol 59:270-277
22. Hönlinger C, Kubicek CP (1989) Regulation of delta-(L-alpha- aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine and isopenicillin N biosynthesis in Penicillium chrysogenum by the alpha-aminoadipate pool size. FEMS Microbiol Lett 53:71-75
23. Kern BA, Hendlin D, Inamine E (1980) L-lysine ε-aminotransferase involved in cephamycin C synthesis in Streptomyces luctamdurans. Antimicrob Agents Chemoter 17:679-685
24. Kinzel JJ, Winston MK, Bhattacharjee JK (1983) Role of L-lysine-α-ketoglutarate aminotransferase in catabolism of lysine as a nitrogen source for Rhodotorula glutinis. J Bacteriol 155:417-419
25. Madduri K, Shapiro S, DeMarco AC, White RL, Stuttard C, Vining C (1991) Lysine catabolism and α-Aminoadipate synthesis in Streptomyces clavuligerus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 35:358-363
26. Markovitz PJ, Chuang DT, Cox RP (1984) Familial hyperlysinemias : purification and characterization of the bi-functional aminoadipic acid semialdehyde synthase with lysine-ketoglutarate reductase and saccharopine dehydrogenase activities. J Biol Chem 259:11643-11646
27. Martín JF (1998) New aspects of genes and enzymes for β-lactam antibiotic biosynthesis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 50:1-15
28. Martín JF (2000) α-Aminoadipyl-cysteinyl-valine synthetases in βlactam producing organisms. From Abraham's discoveries to novel concepts of non-ribosomal peptide synthesis. J Antibiot 53:1008-1021
29. Naranjo L et al (2005)
30. Naranjo L, Martín de Valmaseda E, Bañuelos O, López P, Riaño J, Casqueiro J, Martín JF (2001) Conversion of pipecolic acid into lysine in Penicillium chrysogenum requires pipecolate oxidase and saccharopine reductase: characterization of the lys7 gene encoding saccharopine reductase. J Bacteriol 183:7165-7172
31. Nishida H, Nishiyama M (2000) What is characteristic of fungal lysine synthesis through the α-Aminoadipate pathway? J Mol Evol 51:299-302
32. Novak J, Kopecky J, Vanek Z (1997) Nitrogen source regulates expression of alanine dehydrogenase isoenzymes in Streptomyces avermitilis in a chemically defined medium. Can J Microbiol 43:189-193
33. Papes F, Kemper EL, Cord-Neto G, Langone F, Arruda P (1999) Lysine degradation through the saccharopine pathway in mammals: involvement of both bifunctional and monofunctional lysine-degrading enzymes in mouse. Biochem J 344:555-563
34. Perez-Llarena FJ, Rodríguez-García A, Enguita FJ, Martín JF, Liras P (1998) The pcd gene encoding piperideine-6-carboxylate dehydrogenase involved in biosynthesis of α-aminoadipic acid is located in the cephamycin cluster of Streptomyces clavuligerus. J Bacteriol 180:4753-4756
35. Schmidt H, Bode R, Birnbaum D (1988) A novel enzyme, L-lysine:pyruvate aminotransferase, catalyses the first step of lysine catabolism in Pichia guilliermondii. FEMS Microbiol Lett 49:203-206
36. Shapiro S (1989) Nitrogen assimilation in actinomycetes and the influence of nitrogen nutrition on actinomycete secondary metabolism. In: Shapiro S (ed) Regulation of secondary metabolism in actinoycetes. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 135-211
37. Sim KL, Perry D (1997) Analysis of swainsonine and its early metabolic precursors in cultures of Metarhizium anisopliae. Glycoconj J 14:661-668
38. Soda K, Misono H (1971) L-lysine-a-ketoglutarate aminotransferase. Methods Enzymol 17B:222-228
39. Soda K, Misono H, Yamamoto T (1968) L-Lysine:alpha-ketoglutarate aminotransferase. I. Identification of a product, delta-1-piperideine-6- carboxylic acid. Biochemistry 7:4102-4109
40. Tanizawa K, Yoshimura T, Asada Y, Sawada S, Misono H, Soda K (1982) Stereochemistry of proton abstraction catalyzed by lysine and ornithine ω-aminotransferases. Biochemistry 21:1104-1108
41. Wade M, Thomson DM, Miflin BJ (1980) Saccharopine: an intermediate of L-lysine biosynthesis and degradation in Pyriculia oryzae. J Gen Microbiol 120: 11-20
42. Yonaha K, Nishie M, Aibara S (1992) The primary structure of w-amino acid: pyruvate aminotransferase. J Biol Chem 267:12506-12510
43. Zabriskie TM, Jackson MD (2000) Lysine biosynthesis and metabolism in fungi. Nat Prod Rep 17:85-97
44. Zhu X, Tang G, Galili G (2000) Characterization of the two saccharopine dehydrogenase isozymes of lysine catabolism encoded by the single composite AtLKR/SDH locus of Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 124:1363-1371