Screening for cognitive impairment: A triage for outpatient care

Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders

Volumn 20, Issue 5, 2005, Pages 278-285

  Beinhoff, Ulrike ^a,b   Hilbert, Verena ^b   Bittner, Daniel ^b   Grön, Georg ^b   Riepe, Matthias W ^a,b,c  

^a CHARITÉ UNIVERSITÄTSMEDIZIN BERLIN   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ULM   (Germany)

^c Department of Psychiatry Mental Health and Old Age Psychiatry   (Germany)

Author keywords

Alzheimer's disease; Cognitive impairment; Major depression; Mild cognitive impairment; Neuropsychological investigations; Screening tests

Indexed keywords

AGED; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ARTICLE; COGNITIVE DEFECT; COHORT ANALYSIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS; DIAGNOSTIC APPROACH ROUTE; DIAGNOSTIC TEST; EARLY DIAGNOSIS; FEMALE; GENERAL PRACTITIONER; HUMAN; LABORATORY TEST; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MAJOR DEPRESSION; MALE; MEMORY DISORDER; MINI MENTAL STATE EXAMINATION; NEUROLOGIC EXAMINATION; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; OUTPATIENT CARE; PREVENTIVE HEALTH SERVICE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOLOGIC ASSESSMENT; RATING SCALE; SAMPLE SIZE; SCORING SYSTEM; SCREENING TEST; UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL;

AGED; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; AMBULATORY CARE; COGNITION DISORDERS; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER, MAJOR; FEMALE; HUMANS; INFARCTION, MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY; MALE; MEMORY DISORDERS; MIDDLE AGED; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; ORIENTATION; TRIAGE; VERBAL BEHAVIOR;

EID: 26644455074     PISSN: 14208008     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1159/000088249     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Callahan CM, Hendrie HC, Tierney WM: Documentation and evaluation of cognitive impairment in elderly primary care patients. Ann Intern Med 1995;122:422-429.
2. Erkinjuntti T, Ostbye T, Steenhuis R, Hachinski V: The effect of different diagnostic criteria on the prevalence of dementia. N Engl J Med 1997;337:1667-1674.
3. Bassett SS, Folstein MF: Memory complaint, memory performance, and psychiatric diagnosis: a community study. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 1993;6:105-111.
4. Petersen RC, Smith GE, Waring SC, Ivnik RJ, Tangalos EG, Kokmen E: Mild cognitive impairment: clinical characterization and outcome. Arch Neurol 1999;56:303-308.
5. Burns A, Zaudig M: Mild cognitive impairment in older people. Lancet 2002;360:1963-1965.
6. Lyness JM, Caine ED, King DA, Conwell Y, Duberstein PR, Cox C: Depressive disorders and symptoms in older primary care patients: one-year outcomes. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2002;10:275-282.
7. O'Boyle M, Amadeo M, Self D: Cognitive complaints in elderly depressed and pseudodemented patients. Psychol Aging 1990;5:467-468.
8. Fischer P: The spectrum of depressive pseudodementia. J Neural Transm Suppl 1996;47:193-203.
9. Nussbaum PD: Pseudodementia: a slow death. Neuropsychol Rev 1994;4:71-90.
10. Zapotoczky HG: Problems of differential diagnosis between depressive pseudodementia and Alzheimer's disease. J Neural Transm Suppl 1998;53:91-95.
11. Berger AK, Fratiglioni L, Forsell Y, Winblad B, Backman L: The occurrence of depressive symptoms in the preclinical phase of AD: a population-based study. Neurology 1999;53:1998-2002.
12. Kaye JA: Diagnostic challenges in dementia. Neurology 1998;51:S45-S52.
13. Yesavage J: Differential diagnosis between depression and dementia. Am J Med 1993;94:23S-28S.
14. Valcour VG, Masaki KH, Curb JD, Blanchette PL: The detection of dementia in the primary care setting. Arch Intern Med 2000;160:2964-2968.
15. Gifford DR, Cummings JL: Evaluating dementia screening tests: methodologic standards to rate their performance. Neurology 1999;52:224-227.
16. Boustani M, Peterson B, Hanson L, Harris R, Lohr KN: Screening for dementia in primary care: a summary of the evidence for the US Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med 2003;138:927-937.
17. Hyman BT, Van Horsen GW, Damasio AR, Barnes CL: Alzheimer's disease: cell-specific pathology isolates the hippocampal formation. Science 1984;225:1168-1170.
18. Hodges JR: Memory in the dementias; in Tulving E, Craik FIM (eds): The Oxford Handbook of Memory. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2000, pp 441-459.
19. Gron G, Bittner D, Schmitz B, Wunderlich AP, Riepe MW: Subjective memory complaints: objective neural markers in patients with Alzheimer's disease and major depressive disorder. Ann Neurol 2002;51:491-498.
20. Gron G, Riepe MW: Neural basis of the cognitive continuum in episodic memory from health to Alzheimer's disease. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2004;12:648-652.
21. 18F]FDG-PET in patients with Alzheimer's disease: marker of disease spread. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2005; 19:24-30.
22. Marshall JC, Fink GR: Spatial cognition: where we were and where we are. Neuroimage 2001;14:S2-S7.
23. Save E, Poucet B: Hippocampal-parietal cortical interactions in spatial cognition. Hippocampus 2000;10:491-499.
24. Godefroy O, Cabaret M, Petit-Chenal V, Pruvo JP, Rousseaux M: Control functions of the frontal lobes. Modularity of the central-supervisory system? Cortex 1999;35:1-20.
25. Nagahama Y, Okada T, Katsumi Y, Hayashi T, Yamauchi H, Oyanagi C, Konishi J, Fukuyama H, Shibasaki H: Dissociable mechanisms of attentional control within the human prefrontal cortex. Cereb Cortex 2001;11:85-92.
26. Rowe JB, Toni I, Josephs O, Frackowiak RS, Passingham RE: The prefrontal cortex: response selection or maintenance within working memory? Science 2000;288:1656-1660.
27. Dolan RJ, Bench CJ, Brown RG, Scott LC, Frackowiak RS: Neuropsychological dysfunction in depression: the relationship to regional cerebral blood flow. Psychol Med 1994;24:849-857.
28. Beats BC, Sahakian BJ, Levy R: Cognitive performance in tests sensitive to frontal lobe dysfunction in the elderly depressed. Psychol Med 1996;26:591-603.
29. Drevets WC: Neuroimaging studies of mood disorders. Biol Psychiatry 2000;48:813-829.
30. Ashford JW, Kolm P, Colliver JA, Bekian C, Hsu LN: Alzheimer patient evaluation and the mini-mental state: item characteristic curve analysis. J Gerontol 1989;44:139-146.
31. Solomon PR, Hirschoff A, Kelly B, Relin M, Brush M, DeVeaux RD, Pendlebury WW: A 7-minute neurocognitive screening battery highly sensitive to Alzheimer's disease. Arch Neurol 1998;55:349-355.
32. Hogervorst E, Combrinck M, Lapuerta P, Rue J, Swales K, Budge M: The Hopkins Verbal Learning Test and screening for dementia. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2002;13:13-20.
33. Kuslansky G, Buschke H, Katz M, Sliwinski M, Lipton RB: Screening for Alzheimer's disease: the memory impairment screen versus the conventional three-word memory test. J Am Geriatr Soc 2002;50:1086-1091.
34. Lipton RB, Katz MJ, Kuslansky G, Sliwinski MJ, Stewart WF, Verghese J, Crystal HA, Buschke H: Screening for dementia by telephone using the memory impairment screen. J Am Geriatr Soc 2003;51:1382-1390.
35. Kalbe E, Calabrese P, Schwalen S, Kessler J: The Rapid Dementia Screening Test (RDST): a new economical tool for detecting possible patients with dementia. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2003;16:193-199.
36. Kalbe E, Kessler J, Calabrese P, Smith R, Passmore AP, Brand M, Bullock R: DemTect: a new, sensitive cognitive screening test to support the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment and early dementia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2004;19:136-143.
37. Robert PH, Schuck S, Dubois B, Olie JP, Lepine JP, Gallarda T, Goni S, Troy S: Screening for Alzheimer's disease with the short cognitive evaluation battery. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2003;15:92-98.
38. Zec RF, Landreth ES, Vicari SK, Feldman E, Belman J, Andrise A, Robbs R, Kumar V, Becker R: Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale: useful for both early detection and staging of dementia of the Alzheimer type. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 1992;6:89-102.
39. Folstein MF, Robins LN, Helzer JE: The Mini-Mental State Examination. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1983;40:812.
40. Schmand B, Walstra G, Lindeboom J, Teunisse S, Jonker C: Early detection of Alzheimer's disease using the Cambridge Cognitive Examination (CAMCOG). Psychol Med 2000;30:619-627.
41. Burkart M, Heun R, Maier W, Benkert O: Dementia screening in routine clinical practice. A comparative analysis of MMSE, SIDAM and ADAS. Nervenarzt 1998;69:983-990.
42. Stuss DT, Meiran N, Guzman DA, Lafleche G, Willmer J: Do long tests yield a more accurate diagnosis of dementia than short tests? A comparison of 5 neuropsychological tests. Arch Neurol 1996;53:1033-1039.
43. McKhann G, Drachman D, Folstein M, Katzman R, Price D, Stadlan EM: Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's Disease. Neurology 1984;34:939-944.
44. Buschke H, Kuslansky G, Katz M, Stewart WF, Sliwinski MJ, Eckholdt HM, Lipton RB: Screening for dementia with the memory impairment screen. Neurology 1999;52:231-238.
45. Leopold NA, Borson AJ: An alphabetical 'WORLD'. A new version of an old test. Neurology 1997;49:1521-1524.
46. Riepe MW, Riss S, Bittner D, Huber R: Screening for cognitive impairment in patients with acute stroke. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2004;17:49-53.
47. Rosen WG, Mohs RC, Davis KL: A new rating scale for Alzheimer's disease. Am J Psychiatry 1984;141:1356-1364.
48. Lezak M: Neuropsychological Assessment. New York, Oxford University Press, 1995.
49. Shulman KI: Clock-drawing: is it the ideal cognitive screening test? Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2000;15:548-561.
50. Lopez OL, Becker JT, Wisniewski S, Saxton J, Kaufer DI, DeKosky ST: Cholinesterase inhibitor treatment alters the natural history of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2002;72:310-314.
51. Geldmacher DS, Provenzano G, McRae T, Mastey V, Ieni JR: Donepezil is associated with delayed nursing home placement in patients with Alzheimer's disease. J Am Geriatr Soc 2003;51:937-944.
52. Kuslansky G, Buschke H, Katz M, Sliwinski M, Lipton RB: Screening for Alzheimer's disease: the memory impairment screen versus the conventional three-word memory test. J Am Geriatr Soc 2002;50:1086-1091.
53. Pihlajamaki M, Tanila H, Hanninen T, Kononen M, Laakso M, Partanen K, Soininen H, Aronen HJ: Verbal fluency activates the left medial temporal lobe: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Ann Neurol 2000;47:470-476.
54. Okada G, Okamoto Y, Morinobu S, Yamawaki S, Yokota N: Attenuated left prefrontal activation during a verbal fluency task in patients with depression. Neuropsychobiology 2003;47:21-26.
55. Ravnkilde B, Videbech P, Rosenberg R, Gjedde A, Gade A: Putative tests of frontal lobe function: a PET-study of brain activation during Stoop's Test and verbal fluency. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2002;24:534-547.
56. Lin KN, Wang PN, Chen C, Chiu YH, Kuo CC, Chuang YY, Liu HC: The three-item clock-drawing test: a simplified screening test for Alzheimer's disease. Eur Neurol 2003;49:53-58.
57. Powlishta KK, Von Dras DD, Stanford A, Carr DB, Tsering C, Miller JP, Morris JC: The clock drawing test is a poor screen for very mild dementia. Neurology 2002;59:898-903.
58. Ueda H, Kitabayashi Y, Narumoto J, Nakamura K, Kita H, Kishikawa Y, Fukui K: Relationship between clock drawing test performance and regional cerebral blood flow in Alzheimer's disease: a single photon emission computed tomography study. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2002;56:25-29.
59. O'Carroll RE, Curran SM, Ross M, Murray C, Riddle W, Moffoot AP, Ebmeier KP, Goodwill GM: The differentiation of major depression from dementia of the Alzheimer type using within-subject neuropsychological discrepancy analysis. Br J Clin Psychol 1994; 33(Pt 1):23-32.
60. Gainotti G, Marra C: Some aspects of memory disorders clearly distinguish dementia of the Alzheimer's type from depressive pseudo-dementia. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 1994;16:65-78.
61. Hofman M, Seifritz E, Krauchi K, Hock C, Hampel H, Neugebauer A, Muller-Spahn F: Alzheimer's disease, depression and normal ageing: merit of simple psychomotor and visuospatial tasks. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2000;15:31-39.
62. Smith JS, Kiloh LG: The investigation of dementia: results in 200 consecutive admissions. Lancet 1981;i:824-827.
63. Ron MA, Toone BK, Garralda ME, Lishman WA: Diagnostic accuracy in presenile dementia. Br J Psychiatry 1979;134:161-168.
64. Rabins PV: Reversible dementia and the misdiagnosis of dementia: a review. Hosp Community Psychiatry 1983;34:830-835.