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16,3 milliards de dollars en 2003 (source : http://www.leffingwell.com/ top_10.htm, consulté le 13/12/2004).
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note
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Les protéines de transport sont généralement appelées «odorant binding protein», (OBP). Nous préférons la dénomination OTP, pour «odorant transport protein», dans la mesure où la notion de transport nous semble plus appropriée au rôle effectivement joué par cette protéine. Par ailleurs, la notion de liaison («binding») est ici dévoyée car l'une des propriétés de ce type de protéines est justement de ne pas être sélective, mais plutôt de générer des interactions assez faibles avec le ligand.
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Dans un premier temps, on a cru que les récepteurs olfactifs n'étaient exprimés que dans les neurones olfactifs. On a découvert depuis des récepteurs du même type (mais peut-on encore les qualifier d'olfactifs ?) dans divers organes (le foie notamment) et dans les cellules spermatiques où ils pourraient jouer un rôle chimiotaxique* pour guider les spermatozoïdes vers l'ovule.
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Pouvoir les reconnaître et les nommer est une toute autre question, qui repose en grande partie sur l'apprentissage. Pour le commun des mortels, et même pour la majorité des chimistes, cet apprentissage est inexistant. Quant aux spécialistes de la parfumerie entraîné s, ils peuvent reconnaître quelques milliers de composés d'après leur odeur. Et encore ne s'agit-il que de composés définis purs. Le problème devient autrement plus complexe si l'on s'intéresse à une composition qui peut comporter quelques dizaines de constituants, ou à une matrice naturelle dont les effluves peuvent en contenir plusieurs centaines.
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