Studies of gravity wave-induced fluctuations of the sodium layer using linear and nonlinear models

Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres

Volumn 109, Issue 2, 2004, Pages

  Xu, Jiyao ^a   Smith, A K ^b  

^a CENTER FOR SPACE SCIENCE AND APPLIED RESEARCH   (China)

^b NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (United States)

Author keywords

Gravity waves; Mesopause; Mesosphere; Meteors; Sodium

Indexed keywords

GRAVITY WAVE; MESOPAUSE; MESOSPHERE; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; SODIUM; TEMPERATURE;

EID: 2642536182     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004038     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Bills, R. E., and C. S. Gardner (1993), Lidar observations of the mesopause region temperature structure at Urbana, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 1011-1021.
2. Brasseur, G., and S. Solomon, (1986), Aeronomy of the Middle Atmosphere, 2nd ed., 452 pp.. D. Reidel. Norwell, Mass.
3. Clemesha, B. R., D. M. Simonich, P. P. Batista, and V. W. J. H. Kirchhoff (1982), The diurnal variation of atmospheric sodium, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 181-186.
4. Clemesha, B. R., P. P. Batista, and D. M. Simonich (2001), Simultaneous measurements of meteor winds and sporadic sodium layers in the 80-110 km region, Adv. Space Res., 27, 1679-1684.
5. Cox, R. M., and J. M. C. Plane (1998), An ion-molecule mechanism for the formation of neutral sporadic Na layers, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 6349-6359.
6. 3 and H: Apparent closure on the chemistry of mesospheric Na, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 1733-1739.
7. DeMore, W. B., C. J. Hoard, S. P. Sander, A. R. Ravishankara, D. M. Golden, C. E. Kolb, R. F. Hampson, M. J. Molina, and M. J. Kurylo, (1997), Chemical kinetics and photochemical data for use in stratospheric modeling, Eval. 12, Publ. 97-4. Jet Propul. Lab., Pasadena, Calif.
8. Eckermann, S. D., D. E. Gibson-Wilde, and J. T. Bacmeister (1998), Gravity wave perturbations of minor constituents: A parcel advection methodology, J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 3521-3539.
9. Franke, S. J., T. Beatty, D. Thorsen, C. H. Liu, C. S. Gardner, F. L. Roesler, and J. Harlander (1990), Simultaneous Na lidar and HF radar observations of vertical velocities in the mesosphere above Urbana, IL, Geophys. Res. Lett., 17, 69-72.
10. Fritts, D. C. (1984), Gravity wave saturation in the middle atmosphere: A review of theory and observations, Rev. Geophys., 22, 275-308.
11. Gardner, C. S., and J. D. Shelton (1985), Density response of neutral atmospheric layers to gravity wave perturbations, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 1745-1754.
12. Gardner, C. S., and D. G. Voelz (1987), Lidar studies of the nighttime sodium layer over Urbana, Illinois: 2. Gravity waves, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 4673-4694.
13. Gibson, A. J., and M. C. W. Sandford (1972), Daytime laser radar measurements of the atmospheric sodium layer, Nature, 239, 509-511.
14. Heinselman, C. J. (1999), Auroral effects on meteoric metals in the upper atmosphere, Ph.D. thesis, Dept. of Electr. Eng., Stanford Univ., Stanford, Calif.
15. Heinselman, C. J. (2000), Auroral effects on the gas phase chemistry of meteoric sodium, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 12,181-12,192.
16. 2: implications for the chemistry of sodium in the upper atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 23,207-23,222.
17. Hickey, M. P., and J. M. C. Plane (1995), A chemical-dynamical model of wave-driven sodium fluctuations, Geophys. Res. Lett, 22, 2861-2864.
18. Hickey, M. P., and R. L. Walterscheid (2001), Secular variations of OI 5577 A airglow in the mesopause region induced by transient gravity wave packets. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 701-704.
19. Hickey, M. P., R. L. Walterscheid, and P. G. Richards (2000), Secular variations of atomic oxygen in the mesopause region induced by transient gravity wave packets, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 3599-3602.
20. Holton, J. R. (1972), An Introduction to Dynamic Meteorology, Academic, San Diego, Calif.
21. Hunten, D. M., R. P. Turco, and O. B. Toon (1980), Smoke and dust particles of meteoric origin in the mesosphere and stratosphere, J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 1342-1357.
22. Juramy, P., M. L. Chanin, G. Megic, G. F. Toulinov, and Y. P. Doudoladov (1981), Lidar sounding of the mesospheric sodium layer at high latitudes, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 43, 209-215.
23. Kwon, K. H., C. S. Gardner, and D. C. Senft (1987), Daytime lidar measurements of tidal winds in the mesospheric sodium layer at Urbana, Illinois, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 8781-8786.
24. Liu, H.-L., P. B. Hays, and R. G. Roble (1999), A numerical study of gravity wave breaking and impacts on turbulence and mean state, J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 2152-2177.
25. McNeil, W. J., E. Murad, and S. T. Lai (1995), Comprehensive model for the atmospheric sodium layer, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 16,847-16,855.
26. Odman, M. T., N. Kumar, and A. G. Russell (1992), A comparison of fast chemical kinetic solvers for air quality modeling, Atmos. Environ., Part A, 26, 1783-1789.
27. Planc, J. M. C., R. M. Cox, J. Qian, W. M. Pfenninger, G. C. Papen, C. S. Gardner, and P. J. Espy (1998), Mesospheric Na layer at extreme high latitudes in summer, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 6381-6389.
28. Planc, J. M. C., C. S. Gardner, J. Yu, C. Y. She, R. R. Garcia, and H. C. Pumphrey (1999), Mesospheric Na layer at 40°N: Modeling and observations, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 3773-3788.
29. She, C. Y., J. R. Yu, J. W. Huang, C. Nagasawa, and C. S. Gardner (1991), Na temperature lidar measurements of gravity wave perturbations of wind, density and temperature in the mesopause region, Geophys. Res. Lett., 18, 1329-1331.
30. Shelton, J. D., C. S. Gardner, and C. F. Sechrist Jr. (1980), Density response of the mesospheric sodium layer to gravity wave perturbations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 7, 1069-1072.
31. States, R. J., and C. S. Gardner (1999), Structure of the mesospheric Na layer at 40°N latitude: Seasonal and diurnal variations, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 11,783-11,798.
32. Swider, W. (1992), Sodium chemistry: A brief review and two new mechanisms for sudden sodium layers, Planet. Space Sci., 40, 153-247.
33. Thomas, L., M. C. Isherwood, and M. R. Bowman (1983), A theoretical study of the height distribution of sodium in the mesosphere, J. Atmos. Terr. Physics, 45, 587-594.
34. von Zahn, U., and T. L. Hansen (1988), Sudden neutral sodium layers: A strong link to sporadic E layers, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 50, 93-104.
35. Xu, J., and A. K. Smith (2003), Perturbations of the sodium layer: Controlled by chemistry or dynamics?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(20), 2056, doi:10.1029/2003GL018040.
36. Xu, J., Y. Wang, and Y. Wang, (2000a), The loss of photochemical heating caused by gravity waves in the mesopause region, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 62, 37-45.
37. Xu, J., A. K. Smith, and G. P. Brasseur (2000b), The effects of gravity waves on distributions of chemically active constituents in the mesopause region, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 26,593-26,602.
38. Xu, J., A. K. Smith, and G. P. Brasseur (2001), Conditions for the photochemical destabilization of gravity waves in the mesopause region, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 63, 1821-1929.
39. Xu, J., A. K. Smith, and R. Ma (2003), A numerical study of the effect of gravity-wave propagation on minor species distributions in the mesopause region, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D3), 4119, doi:10.1029/2001JD001570.