메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 110, Issue 14, 2005, Pages 1-14

Modeling the middle Pliocene climate with a global atmospheric general circulation model

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL; PALEOCLIMATE; PLIOCENE; SEA ICE; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE; WARMING;

EID: 24944480648     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2004JD005639     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (64)

References (57)
  • 1
    • 0032880768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eolian evidence from the Chinese Loess Plateau: The onset of the late Cenozoic Great Glaciation in the Northern Hemisphere and Qinghai-Xizang Plateau uplift forcing
    • An, Z. S., et al. (1999), Eolian evidence from the Chinese Loess Plateau: The onset of the late Cenozoic Great Glaciation in the Northern Hemisphere and Qinghai-Xizang Plateau uplift forcing, Sci. China, Ser. D, 42, 258-271.
    • (1999) Sci. China, Ser. D , vol.42 , pp. 258-271
    • An, Z.S.1
  • 2
    • 0035799685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of Asian monsoons and phased uplift of the Himalaya-Tibetan Plateau since late Miocene time
    • An, Z. S., J. E. Kutzbach, W. L. Prell, and S. C. Porter (2001), Evolution of Asian monsoons and phased uplift of the Himalaya-Tibetan Plateau since late Miocene time, Nature, 411, 62-66.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.411 , pp. 62-66
    • An, Z.S.1    Kutzbach, J.E.2    Prell, W.L.3    Porter, S.C.4
  • 4
    • 0029506752 scopus 로고
    • A revised Cenozoic geochronology and chronostratigraphy
    • edited by W. A. Berggren et al., Spec. Publ. SEPM Soc. Sediment. Geol
    • Berggren, W. A., D. V. Kent, C. C. Swisher, and M. P. Aubry (1995), A revised Cenozoic geochronology and chronostratigraphy, in Geochronology, Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, edited by W. A. Berggren et al., Spec. Publ. SEPM Soc. Sediment. Geol., 54, 129-212.
    • (1995) Geochronology, Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation , vol.54 , pp. 129-212
    • Berggren, W.A.1    Kent, D.V.2    Swisher, C.C.3    Aubry, M.P.4
  • 5
    • 1642553851 scopus 로고
    • IAP 9-level atmospheric general circulation model and climate simulation
    • Ph.D. thesis, Inst. of Atmos. Phys., Chin. Acad. of Sci., Beijing
    • Bi, X. Q. (1993), IAP 9-level atmospheric general circulation model and climate simulation, Ph.D. thesis, 210 pp., Inst. of Atmos. Phys., Chin. Acad. of Sci., Beijing.
    • (1993) , pp. 210
    • Bi, X.Q.1
  • 6
    • 0032450734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early Pliocene climate: A perspective from the western equatorial Atlantic warm pool
    • Billups, K., A. C. Ravelo, and J. C. Zachos (1998), Early Pliocene climate: A perspective from the western equatorial Atlantic warm pool, Paleoceanography, 13, 459-470.
    • (1998) Paleoceanography , vol.13 , pp. 459-470
    • Billups, K.1    Ravelo, A.C.2    Zachos, J.C.3
  • 7
    • 0028812971 scopus 로고
    • Revised calibration of the geomagnetic polarity timescale for the Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic
    • Cande, S. C., and D. V. Kent (1995), Revised calibration of the geomagnetic polarity timescale for the Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 6093-6095.
    • (1995) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.100 , pp. 6093-6095
    • Cande, S.C.1    Kent, D.V.2
  • 8
    • 0028163285 scopus 로고
    • Joint investigations of the middle Pliocene climate II: GISS GCM Northern Hemisphere results
    • Chandler, M., D. Rind, and R. Thompson (1994), Joint investigations of the middle Pliocene climate II: GISS GCM Northern Hemisphere results, Global Planet. Change, 9, 197-219.
    • (1994) Global Planet. Change , vol.9 , pp. 197-219
    • Chandler, M.1    Rind, D.2    Thompson, R.3
  • 9
    • 0033527784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Northern Hemisphere ice-sheet influences on global climate change
    • Clark, P. U., R. B. Alley, and D. Pollard (1999), Northern Hemisphere ice-sheet influences on global climate change, Science, 286, 1104-1111.
    • (1999) Science , vol.286 , pp. 1104-1111
    • Clark, P.U.1    Alley, R.B.2    Pollard, D.3
  • 10
    • 0026292533 scopus 로고
    • Pliocene shallow water paleoceanography of the North Atlantic Ocean based on marine ostracodes
    • Cronin, T. M. (1991), Pliocene shallow water paleoceanography of the North Atlantic Ocean based on marine ostracodes, Quat. Sci. Rev., 10, 175-188.
    • (1991) Quat. Sci. Rev. , vol.10 , pp. 175-188
    • Cronin, T.M.1
  • 11
    • 0029768302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pliocene climates: The nature of the problem
    • Crowley, T. J. (1996), Pliocene climates: The nature of the problem, Mar. Micropaleontol., 27, 3-12.
    • (1996) Mar. Micropaleontol. , vol.27 , pp. 3-12
    • Crowley, T.J.1
  • 12
    • 0000119443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of vegetation on an ice-age climate model simulation
    • Crowley, T. J., and S. K. Baum (1997), Effect of vegetation on an ice-age climate model simulation, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 16,463-16,480.
    • (1997) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.102
    • Crowley, T.J.1    Baum, S.K.2
  • 14
    • 0032465725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wind-blown origin of the Pliocene red clay formation in the central Loess Plateau, China
    • Ding, Z. L., J. M. Sun, T. S. Liu, R. X. Zhou, S. L. Yang, and B. Guo (1998), Wind-blown origin of the Pliocene red clay formation in the central Loess Plateau, China, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 161, 135-143.
    • (1998) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.161 , pp. 135-143
    • Ding, Z.L.1    Sun, J.M.2    Liu, T.S.3    Zhou, R.X.4    Yang, S.L.5    Guo, B.6
  • 15
    • 0033566839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pedostratigraphy and paleomagnetism of a ∼7.0 Ma eolian loess-red clay sequence at Lingtai, Loess Plateau, north-central China and the implications for paleomonsoon evolution
    • Ding, Z. L., S. F. Xiong, J. M. Sun, S. L. Yang, Z. Y Gu, and T. S. Liu (1999), Pedostratigraphy and paleomagnetism of a ∼7.0 Ma eolian loess-red clay sequence at Lingtai, Loess Plateau, north-central China and the implications for paleomonsoon evolution, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 152, 49-66.
    • (1999) Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. , vol.152 , pp. 49-66
    • Ding, Z.L.1    Xiong, S.F.2    Sun, J.M.3    Yang, S.L.4    Gu, Z.Y.5    Liu, T.S.6
  • 16
    • 0034068280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Re-arrangement of atmospheric circulation at about 2.6 Ma over northern China: Evidence from grain size records of loess-palaeosol and red clay sequences
    • Ding, Z. L., N. W. Rutter, J. M. Sun, S. L. Yang, and T. S. Liu (2000), Re-arrangement of atmospheric circulation at about 2.6 Ma over northern China: Evidence from grain size records of loess-palaeosol and red clay sequences, Quat. Sci. Rev., 19, 547-558.
    • (2000) Quat. Sci. Rev. , vol.19 , pp. 547-558
    • Ding, Z.L.1    Rutter, N.W.2    Sun, J.M.3    Yang, S.L.4    Liu, T.S.5
  • 17
    • 0035053836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iron geochemistry of loess and red clay deposits in the Chinese Loess Plateau and implications for long-term Asian monsoon evolution in the last 7.0 Ma
    • Ding, Z. L., S. L. Yang, J. M. Sun, and T. S. Liu (2001), Iron geochemistry of loess and red clay deposits in the Chinese Loess Plateau and implications for long-term Asian monsoon evolution in the last 7.0 Ma, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 185, 99-109.
    • (2001) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.185 , pp. 99-109
    • Ding, Z.L.1    Yang, S.L.2    Sun, J.M.3    Liu, T.S.4
  • 19
    • 0029729061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Middle Pliocene sea surface temperatures: A global reconstruction
    • Dowsett, H., J. Barron, and R. Poore (1996), Middle Pliocene sea surface temperatures: A global reconstruction, Mar. Micropaleontol., 27, 13-26.
    • (1996) Mar. Micropaleontol. , vol.27 , pp. 13-26
    • Dowsett, H.1    Barron, J.2    Poore, R.3
  • 21
    • 0031879018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2, and orbital insolation on late Quaternary climates: Sensitivity experiments with a general circulation model
    • 2, and orbital insolation on late Quaternary climates: Sensitivity experiments with a general circulation model, Quat. Sci. Rev., 17, 507-534.
    • (1998) Quat. Sci. Rev. , vol.17 , pp. 507-534
    • Felzer, B.1    Webb III, T.2    Oglesby, R.J.3
  • 22
    • 24944492712 scopus 로고
    • Past climate changes over China (in Chinese)
    • edited by D. Z. Ye and B. Q. Chen, China Earthquake Press, Beijing
    • Fu, C. B., Z. S. An, X. D. Wu, and M. X. Wang (1992), Past climate changes over China (in Chinese), in Global Change Researches in China, edited by D. Z. Ye and B. Q. Chen, pp. 3-82, China Earthquake Press, Beijing.
    • (1992) Global Change Researches in China , pp. 3-82
    • Fu, C.B.1    An, Z.S.2    Wu, X.D.3    Wang, M.X.4
  • 23
    • 0038681483 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between the variations of East Asian winter monsoon and temperature anomalies in China (in Chinese)
    • Guo, Q. Y. (1994), Relationship between the variations of East Asian winter monsoon and temperature anomalies in China (in Chinese), Q. J. Appl. Meteorol., 5, 218-225,
    • (1994) Q. J. Appl. Meteorol. , vol.5 , pp. 218-225
    • Guo, Q.Y.1
  • 24
    • 3242706079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late Miocene-Pliocene development of Asian aridification as record in the Red-Earth Formation in northern China
    • Guo, Z. T., S. Z. Peng, Q. Z. Hao, P. E. Biscaye, Z. S. An, and T. S. Liu (2004), Late Miocene-Pliocene development of Asian aridification as record in the Red-Earth Formation in northern China, Global Planet. Change, 41, 135-145.
    • (2004) Global Planet. Change , vol.41 , pp. 135-145
    • Guo, Z.T.1    Peng, S.Z.2    Hao, Q.Z.3    Biscaye, P.E.4    An, Z.S.5    Liu, T.S.6
  • 26
    • 0037106243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of the palaeoclimate during 3.0-2.6 Ma registered by transition of red clay to loess-paleosol sequence in central north China
    • Han, J., W. S. Fyfe, and Z. Gu (2002), Assessment of the palaeoclimate during 3.0-2.6 Ma registered by transition of red clay to loess-paleosol sequence in central north China, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 185, 355-368.
    • (2002) Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. , vol.185 , pp. 355-368
    • Han, J.1    Fyfe, W.S.2    Gu, Z.3
  • 27
    • 1142293183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling Pliocene warmth: Contribution of atmosphere, oceans, and cryosphere
    • Haywood, A. M., and P. J. Valdes (2004), Modelling Pliocene warmth: Contribution of atmosphere, oceans, and cryosphere, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 218, 363-377.
    • (2004) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.218 , pp. 363-377
    • Haywood, A.M.1    Valdes, P.J.2
  • 28
    • 84879889655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional warming: Pliocene (3 Ma) paleoclimate of Europe and the Mediterranean
    • Haywood, A. M., B. W. Sellwood, and P. J. Valdes (2000a), Regional warming: Pliocene (3 Ma) paleoclimate of Europe and the Mediterranean, Geology, 28, 1063-1066.
    • (2000) Geology , vol.28 , pp. 1063-1066
    • Haywood, A.M.1    Sellwood, B.W.2    Valdes, P.J.3
  • 29
    • 0033916311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global scale palaeoclimate reconstruction of the middle Pliocene climate using the UKMO GCM: Initial results
    • Haywood, A. M., P. J. Valdes, and B. W. Sellwood (2000b), Global scale palaeoclimate reconstruction of the middle Pliocene climate using the UKMO GCM: Initial results, Global Planet. Change, 25, 239-256.
    • (2000) Global Planet. Change , vol.25 , pp. 239-256
    • Haywood, A.M.1    Valdes, P.J.2    Sellwood, B.W.3
  • 30
    • 0036889109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnitude of climate variability during middle Pliocene warmth: A palaeoclimate modelling study
    • Haywood, A. M., P. J. Valdes, and B. W. Sellwood (2002a), Magnitude of climate variability during middle Pliocene warmth: A palaeoclimate modelling study, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 188, 1-24.
    • (2002) Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. , vol.188 , pp. 1-24
    • Haywood, A.M.1    Valdes, P.J.2    Sellwood, B.W.3
  • 32
    • 1642538419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Last Glacial Maximum over China: Sensitivities of climate to paleovegetation and Tibetan ice sheet
    • doi:10.1029/2002JD002167
    • Jiang, D., H. J. Wang, H. Drange, and X. Lang (2003), Last Glacial Maximum over China: Sensitivities of climate to paleovegetation and Tibetan ice sheet, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D3), 4102, doi:10.1029/ 2002JD002167.
    • (2003) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.108 , Issue.D3 , pp. 4102
    • Jiang, D.1    Wang, H.J.2    Drange, H.3    Lang, X.4
  • 33
    • 0000662879 scopus 로고
    • Status of the Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project (PMIP)
    • Tech. Doc. WMO/TD-732, edited by W. L. Gates, World Meteorol. Organ., Geneva, Switzerland
    • Joussaume, S,, and K. E. Taylor (1995), Status of the Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project (PMIP), in Proceedings of the First International AMIP Scientific Conference, Tech. Doc. WMO/TD-732, edited by W. L. Gates, pp. 425-430, World Meteorol. Organ., Geneva, Switzerland.
    • (1995) Proceedings of the First International AMIP Scientific Conference , pp. 425-430
    • Joussaume, S.1    Taylor, K.E.2
  • 34
    • 0002568979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project
    • Tech. Doc. WMO/TD-1007, edited by P. Braconnot, World Meteorol. Organ., Geneva, Switzerland
    • Joussaume, S., and K. E. Taylor (2000), The Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project, in Proceedings of the Third PMIP Workshop, Tech. Doc. WMO/TD-1007, edited by P. Braconnot, pp. 9-24, World Meteorol. Organ., Geneva, Switzerland.
    • (2000) Proceedings of the Third PMIP Workshop , pp. 9-24
    • Joussaume, S.1    Taylor, K.E.2
  • 35
    • 0029768948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The NCEP/NCAR reanalysis project
    • Kalnay, E., et al. (1996), The NCEP/NCAR reanalysis project, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 77, 437-472.
    • (1996) Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.77 , pp. 437-472
    • Kalnay, E.1
  • 36
    • 0034451675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased Pliocene North Atlantic Deep Water: Cause or consequence of Pliocene warming?
    • Kim, S. J., and T. J. Crowley (2000), Increased Pliocene North Atlantic Deep Water: Cause or consequence of Pliocene warming?, Paleoceanography, 15, 451-455.
    • (2000) Paleoceanography , vol.15 , pp. 451-455
    • Kim, S.J.1    Crowley, T.J.2
  • 37
    • 0033965164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How well can we simulate past climates? Evaluating the models using global palaeoenvironmental datasets
    • Kohfeld, K. E., and S. P. Harrison (2000), How well can we simulate past climates? Evaluating the models using global palaeoenvironmental datasets, Quat. Sci. Rev., 19, 321-346.
    • (2000) Quat. Sci. Rev. , vol.19 , pp. 321-346
    • Kohfeld, K.E.1    Harrison, S.P.2
  • 39
    • 2742604790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Description of a nine-level grid point atmospheric general circulation model
    • Liang, X. Z. (1996), Description of a nine-level grid point atmospheric general circulation model, Adv. Atmos. Sci., 13, 269-298.
    • (1996) Adv. Atmos. Sci. , vol.13 , pp. 269-298
    • Liang, X.Z.1
  • 40
    • 0029728968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mid-Pliocene warmth: Stronger greenhouse and stronger conveyor
    • Raymo, M. E., B. Grant, M. Horowitz, and G. H. Rau (1996), Mid-Pliocene warmth: Stronger greenhouse and stronger conveyor, Mar. Micropaleontol., 27, 113-326.
    • (1996) Mar. Micropaleontol. , vol.27 , pp. 113-326
    • Raymo, M.E.1    Grant, B.2    Horowitz, M.3    Rau, G.H.4
  • 41
    • 0026288771 scopus 로고
    • Increased ocean heat transports and warmer climate
    • Rind, D., and M. A. Chandler (1991), Increased ocean heat transports and warmer climate, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 7437-7461.
    • (1991) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.96 , pp. 7437-7461
    • Rind, D.1    Chandler, M.A.2
  • 42
    • 0029749105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling of middle Pliocene climate with the NCAR GENESIS general circulation model
    • Sloan, L. C., T. J. Crowley, and D. Pollard (1996), Modeling of middle Pliocene climate with the NCAR GENESIS general circulation model, Mar. Micropaleontol., 27, 51-61.
    • (1996) Mar. Micropaleontol. , vol.27 , pp. 51-61
    • Sloan, L.C.1    Crowley, T.J.2    Pollard, D.3
  • 43
    • 15644366858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetostratigraphy and paleoclimatic significance of late Tertiary aeolian sequences in the Chinese Loess Plateau
    • Sun, D. H., Z. S. An, J. Shaw, J. Bloemendal, and Y. B. Sun (1998), Magnetostratigraphy and paleoclimatic significance of late Tertiary aeolian sequences in the Chinese Loess Plateau, Geophys. J. Int., 134, 207-212.
    • (1998) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.134 , pp. 207-212
    • Sun, D.H.1    An, Z.S.2    Shaw, J.3    Bloemendal, J.4    Sun, Y.B.5
  • 44
    • 0003028370 scopus 로고
    • A review of recent research on the east Asian monsoon in China
    • edited by C.-P. Chang and T. N. Krishnamurti, Oxford Univ. Press, New York
    • Tao, S. Y., and L. X. Chen (1987), A review of recent research on the east Asian monsoon in China, in Monsoon Meteorology, edited by C.-P. Chang and T. N. Krishnamurti, pp. 60-92, Oxford Univ. Press, New York.
    • (1987) Monsoon Meteorology , pp. 60-92
    • Tao, S.Y.1    Chen, L.X.2
  • 45
    • 0029749666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Middle Pliocene vegetation: Reconstructions, paleoclimatic inferences, and boundary conditions for climate modeling
    • Thompson, R. S., and R. F. Fleming (1996), Middle Pliocene vegetation: Reconstructions, paleoclimatic inferences, and boundary conditions for climate modeling, Mar. Micropaleontol., 27, 27-49.
    • (1996) Mar. Micropaleontol. , vol.27 , pp. 27-49
    • Thompson, R.S.1    Fleming, R.F.2
  • 47
    • 4344686114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of the east Asian monsoon and Northern Hemisphere glaciation: Oxygen isotope records from the South China Sea
    • Tian, J., P. Wang, and X. Cheng (2004), Development of the east Asian monsoon and Northern Hemisphere glaciation: Oxygen isotope records from the South China Sea, Quat. Sci. Rev., 23, 2007-2016.
    • (2004) Quat. Sci. Rev. , vol.23 , pp. 2007-2016
    • Tian, J.1    Wang, P.2    Cheng, X.3
  • 48
    • 1642270168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric response to modified CLIMAP ocean boundary conditions during the Last Glacial Maximum
    • Toracinta, E. R., R. J. Oglesby, and D. H. Bromwich (2004), Atmospheric response to modified CLIMAP ocean boundary conditions during the Last Glacial Maximum, J. Clim., 17, 504-522.
    • (2004) J. Clim. , vol.17 , pp. 504-522
    • Toracinta, E.R.1    Oglesby, R.J.2    Bromwich, D.H.3
  • 49
    • 0033608905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of vegetation and soil in the Holocene megathermal climate over China
    • Wang, H. J. (1999), Role of vegetation and soil in the Holocene megathermal climate over China, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 9361-9367.
    • (1999) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.104 , pp. 9361-9367
    • Wang, H.J.1
  • 50
    • 0346674907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mid-Holocene climate simulated by a grid-point AGCM coupled with a biome model
    • Wang, H. J. (2002), The mid-Holocene climate simulated by a grid-point AGCM coupled with a biome model, Adv. Atmos. Sci., 19, 205-218.
    • (2002) Adv. Atmos. Sci. , vol.19 , pp. 205-218
    • Wang, H.J.1
  • 51
    • 0037104114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astronomical forcing of the east Asian monsoon mirrored by the composition of Pliocene South China Sea sediments
    • Wehausen, R., and H. Brumsack (2002), Astronomical forcing of the east Asian monsoon mirrored by the composition of Pliocene South China Sea sediments, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 201, 621-636.
    • (2002) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.201 , pp. 621-636
    • Wehausen, R.1    Brumsack, H.2
  • 52
    • 0442328955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A possible role of solar radiation and ocean in the mid-Holocene east Asian monsoon climate
    • Wei, J. F., and H. J. Wang,(2004), A possible role of solar radiation and ocean in the mid-Holocene east Asian monsoon climate, Adv. Atmos. Sci., 21, 1-12.
    • (2004) Adv. Atmos. Sci. , vol.21 , pp. 1-12
    • Wei, J.F.1    Wang, H.J.2
  • 53
    • 0034786866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of vegetation changes during the Last Glacial Maximum using the BMRC atmospheric general circulation model
    • Wyputta, U., and B. J. McAvaney (2001), Influence of vegetation changes during the Last Glacial Maximum using the BMRC atmospheric general circulation model, Clim. Dyn., 17, 923-932.
    • (2001) Clim. Dyn. , vol.17 , pp. 923-932
    • Wyputta, U.1    McAvaney, B.J.2
  • 54
    • 0031403103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 17-year monthly analysis based on gauge observations, satellite estimates, and numerical model outputs
    • Xie, P., and P. A. Arkin (1997), A 17-year monthly analysis based on gauge observations, satellite estimates, and numerical model outputs, Bull, Am. Meteorol. Soc., 78, 2539-2588.
    • (1997) Bull, Am. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.78 , pp. 2539-2588
    • Xie, P.1    Arkin, P.A.2
  • 55
    • 0343404295 scopus 로고
    • A global grid-point general circulation model
    • paper presented at WMO/IUGG NWP Symposium, World Meteorol. Soc., Geneva
    • Zeng, Q. C., C. G. Yuan, X. H. Zhang, X. Z. Liang, and N. Bna (1987), A global grid-point general circulation model, paper presented at WMO/IUGG NWP Symposium, World Meteorol. Soc., Geneva.
    • (1987)
    • Zeng, Q.C.1    Yuan, C.G.2    Zhang, X.H.3    Liang, X.Z.4    Bna, N.5
  • 56
    • 0025233141 scopus 로고
    • Dynamical framework of IAP nine-level atmospheric general circulation model
    • Zhang, X. H. (1990) Dynamical framework of IAP nine-level atmospheric general circulation model, Adv. Atmos. Sci., 7, 66-77.
    • (1990) Adv. Atmos. Sci. , vol.7 , pp. 66-77
    • Zhang, X.H.1
  • 57
    • 3042790230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling the tropical climate and the impact of the western Pacific sea surface temperature at the Last Glacial Maximum
    • doi:10.1029/2003JD004095
    • Zhao, P., X. Zhou, Z. Jian, M. Sparrow, and Y. Han (2004), Modeling the tropical climate and the impact of the western Pacific sea surface temperature at the Last Glacial Maximum, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D08105, doi:10.1029/2003JD004095.
    • (2004) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.109
    • Zhao, P.1    Zhou, X.2    Jian, Z.3    Sparrow, M.4    Han, Y.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.