Autoimmunity and interstitial lung disease

Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine

Volumn 11, Issue 5, 2005, Pages 438-446

  Jindal, Surinder K ^a   Agarwal, Ritesh ^a  

^a POSTGRADUATE INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL EDUCATION AND RESEARCH   (India)

Author keywords

Autoantibodies; Autoimmunity; Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; Interstitial lung disease

Indexed keywords

AZATHIOPRINE; BRAIN NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE; CORTICOSTEROID; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; CYCLOSPORIN; CYTOKERATIN 8; CYTOKERATIN ANTIBODY; DNA TOPOISOMERASE (ATP HYDROLYSING); ENZYME ANTIBODY; ETANERCEPT; FIBRILLARIN; GAMMA INTERFERON; GLUCOCORTICOID; INTERLEUKIN 10; INTERLEUKIN 12; INTERLEUKIN 18; INTERLEUKIN 4; MONOCYTE CHEMOTACTIC PROTEIN 1; MONTELUKAST; MYCOPHENOLIC ACID 2 MORPHOLINOETHYL ESTER; NEUTROPHIL CYTOPLASMIC ANTIBODY; PREDNISOLONE; PROTEIN P53; RHEUMATOID FACTOR; RIBONUCLEOPROTEIN ANTIBODY; SM ANTIBODY; THYMOCYTE ANTIBODY; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA; U1 RIBONUCLEOPROTEIN ANTIBODY; U3 RIBONUCLEOPROTEIN ANTIBODY; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ALLOIMMUNITY; AUTOIMMUNITY; BRONCHIOLITIS OBLITERANS; CHURG STRAUSS SYNDROME; CIGARETTE SMOKING; CLINICAL FEATURE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASE; DERMATOMYOSITIS; DRUG INHIBITION; ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY; HIGH RESOLUTION COMPUTER TOMOGRAPHY; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; IMMUNOBLOTTING; IMMUNOREACTIVITY; INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE; INTERSTITIAL PNEUMONIA; LUNG BIOPSY; LUNG CANCER; LUNG FIBROSIS; LUNG FUNCTION TEST; LUNG GRAFT REJECTION; LUNG TRANSPLANTATION; LUNG TUBERCULOSIS; MIXED CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASE; POLYMYOSITIS; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; QUALITY OF LIFE; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS; SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS; T LYMPHOCYTE; VASCULITIS; VIRUS INFECTION; WEGENER GRANULOMATOSIS;

EID: 24744462303     PISSN: 10705287     EISSN: 15316971     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.mcp.0000170522.71497.61     Document Type: Review

References (75)

1. Noble PW, Homer RJ. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: new insights into pathogenesis. Clin Chest Med 2004; 25:749-758. This interesting article details the latest concepts in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
2. Harari S, Caminati A. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Allergy 2005; 60:421-435. This review of IPF provides a summary of its pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapeutic approaches.
3. Katzenstein AL, Myers JL. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: clinical relevance of pathologic classification. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998; 157:1301-1315.
4. American Thoracic society/European Respiratory Society International Multidisciplinary Consensus Classification of the Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias. This joint statement of the American Thoracic Society (ATS) and the European Respiratory Society (ERS) was adopted by the ATS board of Directors, June 2001 and by the ERS Executive Committee, June 2001. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 165:277-304.
5. Gross TJ, Hunninghake GW. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. N Engl J Med 2001; 345:517-525.
6. Selman M, King TE Jr, Pardo A. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: prevailing and evolving hypotheses about its pathogenesis and implications for therapy. Ann Intern Med 2001; 134:136-151.
7. Schonherr E, Hausser HJ. Extracellular matrix and cytokines: a functional unit. Dev Immunol 2000; 7:89-101.
8. Romagnani S. Th1/Th2 cells. Inflamm Bowel Dis 1999; 5:285-294.
9. Selman M, Pardo A. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: an epithelial/ fibroblastic cross-talk disorder. Respir Res 2002; 3:3-11.
10. Raghu G, Brown KK, Bradford WZ, et al. A placebo-controlled trial of interferon gamma-1 b in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. N Engl J Med 2004; 350:125-133. To date this is the only adequately powered randomized controlled trial in IPF; however, the results of interferon-γ in this trial were not as encouraging as the pilot study.
11. Strieter RM, Starko KM, Enelow Rl, et al. Effects of interferon-γ- 1b on biomarker expression in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004; 170:133-140. This article gives an insight into the possible reason of failure of interferon-ã in IPF.
12. Antoniou KM, Alexandrakis MG, Sfiridaki K, et al. Th1 cytokine pattern (IL-12 and IL-18) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) before and after treatment with interferon gamma-1b (IFN-gamma-1b) or colchicine in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF/UIP). Sarcoidosis Vase Diffuse Lung Dis 2004; 21:105-110. This article also gives an insight into the possible reason for the failure of interferon-γ in IPF.
13. Fireman E, Schwartz Y, Mann A, Greif J. Effect of montelukast, a cysteinyl receptor antagonist, on myofibroblasts in interstitial lung disease. J Clin Immunol 2004; 24:418-425. This article demonstrates a new role for the anti-asthma drug montelukast, which in this study inhibited myofibroblast activity. It may thus may prove beneficial in ILD.
14. Meloni F, Caporali R, Marone Bianco A, et al. Cytokine profile of bronchoalveolar lavage in systemic sclerosis with interstitial lung disease: comparison with usual interstitial pneumonia. Ann Rheum Dis 2004; 63:892-894. This interesting article gives an explanation why ILDs associated with connective tissue have better outcomes than IPF.
15. Meloni F, Caporali R, Marone Bianco A, et al. BAL cytokine profile in different interstitial lung diseases: a focus on systemic sclerosis. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis 2004; 21:111-118. This is another interesting article that gives an explanation why ILDs associated with connective tissue and sarcoidosis have better outcomes than IPF.
16. Baumgartner KB, Samet JM, Stidley CA, et al. Cigarette smoking: a risk factor for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997; 155:242-248.
17. Egan JJ, Woodcock AA, Stewart JP. Viruses and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Eur Respir J 1997; 10:1433-1437.
18. Tang YW, Johnson JE, Browning PJ, et al. Herpesvirus DNA is consistently detected in lungs of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. J Clin Microbiol 2003; 41:2633.
19. Baumgartner KB, Samet JM, Coultas DB, et al. Occupational and environmental risk factors for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a multicenter case control study. Am J Epidemiol 2000; 152:307-315.
20. Singh S, Bois RD. Autoantibodies in cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis. Respir Res 2001; 2:61-63.
21. Turner Warwick M, Doniach D. Autoantibody studies in interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. BMJ 1965; 1:886-891.
22. Chapman JR, Charles PJ, Venables PJ, et al. Definition and clinical relevance of antibodies to nuclear ribonucleoprotein and other nuclear antigens in patients with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis. Am Rev Respir Dis 1984; 130:439-443.
23. Meliconi R, Bestagno M, Sturani C, et al. Autoantibodies to DNA topoisomerase II in cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis and connective tissue disease. Clin Exp Immunol 1989; 76:184-189.
24. Dobashi N, Fujita J, Ohtsuki Y, et al. Circulating cytokeratin 8: anti-cytokeratin 8 antibody immune complexes in sera of patients with pulmonary fibrosis. Respiration (Herrlisheim) 2000; 67:397-401.
25. Khalil N, O'Connor R. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: current understanding of the pathogenesis and the status of treatment. CMAJ 2004; 171:153-160. This short review of IPF includes brief but concise information on the past evidence of autoimmunity in IPF.
26. Dall'Aglio PP, Pesci A, Bertorelli G, et al. Study of immune complexes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids. Respiration (Herrlisheim) 1988; 54:36-41.
27. Robinson C, Callow M, Stevenson S, et al. Private specificities can dominate the humoral response to self-antigens in patients with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis. Respir Res 2001; 2:119-124.
28. Schattner A, Aviel-Ronen S, Mark EJ. Accelerated usual interstitial pneumonitis, anti-DNA antibodies and hypocomplementemia. J Intern Med 2003; 254:193-196.
29. Oshikawa K, Sugiyama Y. Serum anti-p53 autoantibodies from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis associated with lung cancer. Respir Med 2000; 94:1085-1091.
30. Ogushi F, Tani K, Endo T, et al. Autoantibodies to IL-1 alpha in sera from rapidly progressive idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. J Med Invest 2001; 48:181-189.
31. Sumpter TL, Wilkes DS. Role of autoimmunity in organ allograft rejection: a focus on immunity to type V collagen in the pathogenesis of lung transplant rejection. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2004; 286:L1129-L1139.
32. Boehler A, Estenne M. Post-transplant bronchiolitis obliterans. Eur Respir J 2003; 22:1007-1018.
33. Strange C, Highland KB. Interstitial lung disease in patient who has connective tissue disease. Clin Chest Med 2004; 25:549-559. This is a concise review of ILD associated with CTDs.
34. Fathi M, Dastmalchi M, Rasmussen E, et al. Interstitial lung disease, a common manifestation of newly diagnosed polymyositis and dermatomyositis. Ann Rheum Dis 2004; 63:297-301. This study showed that ILD is common in patients with newly diagnosed inflammatory myopathies, and it emphasizes the need for active screening.
35. Schnabel A, Reuter M, Biederer J, et al. Interstitial lung disease in polymyositis and dermatomyositis: clinical course and response to treatment. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2003; 32:273-284.
36. Asano Y, Ihn H, Yamane K, et al. The prevalence and clinical significance of anti-U1 RNA antibodies in patients with systemic sclerosis. J Invest Dermatol 2003; 120:204-210.
37. Greidinger EL, Foecking MF, Ranatunga S, Hoffman RW. ApoptoticU1-0 kd is antigenically distinct from the intact form of the U1-70-kd molecule. Arthritis Rheum 2002; 46:1264-1269.
38. Greidinger EL, Foecking MF, Magee J, et al. A major B cell epitope present on the apoptotic but not the intact form of the U1-70-kDa ribonucleoprotein autoantigen. J Immunol 2004; 172:709-716. This study defines the presence of an epitope on the apoptotic form of the U1 small nuclear ribonuclear protein but not in the intact form.
39. Hoff D, Cheung K, de Rooij DJR, et al. Autoantibodies specific for apoptotic anti U1-70K are superior serological markers for mixed connective tissue disease. Arthritis Res Ther 2005; 7:R302-R309.
40. Lee DM, Schur PH. Clinical utility of the anti-CCP assay in patients with rheumatic diseases. Ann Rheum Dis 2003; 62:870-874.
41. Forslind K, Ahlmen M, Eberhardt K, et al. Prediction of radiological outcome in early rheumatoid arthritis in clinical practice: role of antibodies to citrullinated peptides (anti-CCP). Ann Rheum Dis 2004; 63:1090-1095. This study showed that antibodies to citrullinated peptides can predict the radiologic outcome in patients with early RA.
42. Kastborn A, Strandberg G, Lindroos A, Skogh T. Anti-CCP antibody test predicts the disease course during 3 years in early rheumatoid arthritis (the Swedish TIRA project). Ann Rheum Dis 2004; 63:1085-1089. This study highlights the fact that antibodies to citrullinated peptides can predict the disease course in patients with RA.
43. Arbuckle MR, McClain MT, Rubertone MV, et al. Development of autoantibodies before the clinical onset of systemic lupus erythematosus. N Engl J Med 2003; 349:1526-1533.
44. Hesselstrand R, Scheja A, Shen GQ, et al. The association of antinuclear antibodies with organ involvement and survival in systemic sclerosis. Rheumatol 2003; 42:534-540.
45. Ioannidis JP, Vlachoyiannopoulos PG, Haidich AB, et al. Mortality in systemic sclerosis: an international meta-analysis of individual patient data. Am J Med 2005; 118:2-10. This large individual patient data meta-analysis gives the factors associated with mortality in patients with SSc.
46. Bartosik I, Eskilsson J, Ekman R, et al. Correlation between plasma concentrations of calcitonin gene related peptide and pulmonary pressures in patients with systemic sclerosis. Ann Rheum Dis 2002; 61:261-263.
47. Hesselstrand R, Ekman R, Eskilsson J, et al. Screening for pulmonary hypertension in systemic sclerosis: the longitudinal development of tricuspid gradient in 227 patients, 1992-2001. Rheumatol 2005; 44:366-371.
48. Rossi GA, Bitterman PB, Ferrans VJ, Crystal RG. Evidence for chronic inflammation as a component of the interstitial lung disease associated with progressive systemic sclerosis. Am Rev Respir Dis 1985; 131:612-617.
49. Kim DS, Yoo B, Lee JS, et al. The major histopathologic pattern of pulmonary fibrosis in scleroderma is nonspecific interstitial pneumonia. Sarcoidosis Vase Diffuse Lung Dis 2002; 19:121-127.
50. Bouros D, Wells AU, Nicholson AG, et al. Histopathologic subsets of fibrosing alveolitis in patients with systemic sclerosis and their relationship to outcome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 165:1581-1586.
51. Tansey D, Wells AU, Colby TV, et al. Variations in histopathological patterns of interstitial pneumonia between connective tissue disorders and their relationship to prognosis. Histopathology 2004; 44:585-596. In contrast to idiopathic interstitial pneumonias, the most common histopathologic pattern in CTDs is NSIP. Also, different histopathologic patterns can be present in the same patient in different parts of the lung.
52. Ito I, Nagai S, Kitaichi M, et al. Pulmonary manifestations of primary Sjogren's syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 171:632-638. This study gives an insight into the pulmonary manifestations of primary Sjogren's syndrome. In this study, also, the most common histopathologic pattern was NSIP.
53. Desai SR, Veeraraghavan S, Hansell DM, et al. CT features of lung disease in patients with systemic sclerosis: comparison with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and nonspecific interstitial pneumonia. Radiology 2004; 232:560-567.
54. Cottin G, Thivolet-Bejui F, Reynaud-Gaubert M, et al. Interstitial lung disease associated with amyopathic dermatomyositis, dermatomyositis and polymyositis. Eur Respir J 2003; 22:245-250.
55. Dheda K, Lalloo UG, Cassim B, Mody GM. Experience with azathioprine with systemic sclerosis associated interstitial lung disease. Clin Rheumatol 2004; 23:306-309.
56. Airo P, Danieli E, Parrinello G, et al. Intravenous cyclophosphamide therapy for systemic sclerosis: a single-center experience and review of the literature with pooled analysis of lung function test results. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2004; 22:573-578.
57. Fujisawa T, Suda T, Nakamura Y, et al. Differences in clinical features and prognosis of interstitial lung diseases between polymyositis and dermatomyositis. J Rheumatol 2005; 32:58-64. This article showed that ILD associated with dermatomyositis is more severe and less responsive to glucocorticoids than polymyositis.
58. Bartunkova J, Tesar V, Sediva A. Diagnostic and pathogenetic role of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies. Clin Immunol 2003; 106:73-82.
59. Russell KA, Wiegert A, Schroeder DR, et al. Detection of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies under actual clinical testing conditions. Clin Immunol 2002; 103:196-203.
60. Csernok E, Holle J, Hellmich B, et al. Evaluation of capture ELISA for detection of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies directed against proteinase 3 in Wegener's granulomatosis: first results from a multicenter study. Rheumatol 2004; 43:174-180. This study showed that capture ELISA has better efficacy in the detection of ANCA than UF and conventional ELISA.
61. Flores-Suarez LF, Cabiedes J, Villa AR, et al. Prevalence of antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies in patients with tuberculosis. Rheumatol 2003; 42:223-229.
62. Teixeira L, Mahr A, Jaureguy F, et al. Low seroprevalence and poor specificity of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in tuberculosis. Rheumatol 2005; 44:247-250.
63. Pradhan VD, Badakere SS, Ghosh K, Pawar AR. Spectrum of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis overlaps with that of Wegener's granulomatosis. Indian J Med Sci 2004; 58:283-288. This article from a high-prevalence country for tuberculosis showed a high sero-positivity of ANCA in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.
64. Abdel-Salaam B, Iking-Konert C, Schneider M, et al. Autoantibodies to neutrophil cytoplasmic antigens do not bind to polymorphonuclear neutrophils in blood. Kidney Int 2004; 66:1009-1017. This article questions the role of ANCA in the pathogenesis of small vessel vasculitis.
65. Heeringa P, Tervaert JWC. Pathophysiology of ANCA-associated vasculitis: are ANCA really pathogenic? Kidney Int 2004; 65:1564-1567. This interesting review discusses the currently available experimental and clinical evidence and argues for the role of ANCA in the pathogenesis of ANCA-associated vasculitis.
66. Neumann I, Mirzaei S, Birck R, et al. Expression of somatostatin receptors in inflammatory lesions and diagnostic value of somatostatin receptor scintigraphy in patients with ANCA-associated small vessel vasculitis. Rheumatol 2004; 43:195-201. This article demonstrates the role of a new diagnostic modality in the management of ANCA-associated vasculitis.
67. Slart RH, Jager PL, Poot L, et al. Clinical value of gallium-67 scintigraphy in assessment of disease activity in Wegener's granulomatosis. Ann Rheum Dis 2003; 62:659-662.
68. Homma S, Matsushita H, Nakata K. Pulmonary fibrosis in myeloperoxidase anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies associated vasculitides. Respirology 2004; 9:190-196. This is an interesting article on the presentation of MPO-ANCA vasculitis as pulmonary interstitial fibrosis.
69. Eschun GM, Mink SN, Sharma S. Pulmonary interstitial fibrosis as a presenting manifestation in perinuclear antinuclear cytoplasmic antibody microscopic polyangiitis. Chest 2003; 123:297-301.
70. Pankhurst T, Savage CO, Gordon C, Harper L. Malignancy is increased in ANCA-associated vasculitis. Rheumatol 2004; 43:1532-1535.
71. Jayne D, Rasmussen N, Andrassy K, et al. A randomized trial of maintenance therapy for vasculitis associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies. N Engl J Med 2003; 349:36-44.
72. Wegener's granulomatosis Etanercept trial research group (WGET). Etanercept versus standard therapy for Wegener's granulomatosis. N Engl J Med 2005; 352:351-361. This study showed that tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors are not more effective than standard therapy in maintaining remission in WG.
73. Langford CA, Talard-Williams C, Sneller MC. Mycophenolate mofetil for remission maintenance in the treatment of Wegener's granulomatosis. Arthritis Rheum 2004; 51:278-283.
74. Danieli MG, Cappelli M, Malcangi G, et al. Long term effectiveness of intravenous immunoglobulin in Churg-Strauss syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis 2004; 63:1649-1654.
75. Schmitt WH, Hagen EC, Neumann I, et al. Treatment of refractory Wegener's granulomatosis with anti-thymocyte globulin: an open label study in 15 patients. Kidney Int 2004; 65:1440-1448.