Human male genital tract immunity and experimental models

Mucosal Immunology, Two-Volume Set

Volumn , Issue , 2005, Pages 1647-1659

  Anderson, Deborah J ^a   Pudney, Jeffrey ^a  

^a BRIGHAM AND WOMEN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 24744441806     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-012491543-5/50100-5     Document Type: Chapter

References (126)

1. Aitken R.J. Immunocontraceptive vaccines for human use. J. Reprod. Immunol. 2002, 57:273-287.
2. Alexander N.J. Development of immunocontraceptives: Fact, fear and fantasy. Reproductive Immunology 1996, 433-442. Blackwell Science, Cambridge, MA. R.A. Bronson, N.H. Alexander, D. Anderson (Eds.).
3. Alexander N.J., Anderson D.J. Immunology of semen. Fert. Steril. 1987, 47:192-205.
4. Anderson D.J. The importance of mucosal immunology to problems in human reproduction. J. Reprod. Immunol. 1996, 31:3-19.
5. Anderson D.J. The effect of genital tract infection and inflammation on male infertility. Infertility in the Male 1996, 326-335. Mosby, St. Louis. 3rd ed. L. Lipshultz, S. Howard (Eds.).
6. Anderson D.J., O'Brien T.R., Politch J.A., Martinez A., Seage G.R., Padian N.R., Horsburgh C.R., Mayer K.H. Effects of disease stage and zidovudine therapy on the detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in semen. JAMA 1992, 267:2769.
7. Anderson D.J., Politch J.A., Tucker L.D., Fichorova R., Haimovici R.F., Tuomala R.E., Mayer K.H. Quantitation of mediators of inflammation and immunity in genital tract secretions and their relevance to HIV type 1 transmission. AIDS Res. Hum. Retro. 1998, 14:1-7.
8. Anderson D.J., Pudney J. Mucosal immune defense against HIV-1 in the male urogenital tract. Vac. Res. 1992, 1:143-150.
9. Belec L., Georges A.J., Steenman G., Martin P.M.V. Antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus in the semen of heterosexual men. J. Infect. Dis. 1989, 159:324-327.
10. Bellgrau D., Gold D., Selawry H., Moore F., Franzusoff P., Duke P.C. The role for CD85 ligand in preventing graft rejection. Nature 1995, 377:630-636.
11. Bene M.C., Studer A., Faure G. Immunoglobulin-producing cells in human prostate. Prostate 1988, 12:113-117.
12. Bergh A. Effect of cryptorchidism on the morphology of testicular macrophages; Evidence for a Leydig cell-macrophage interaction in the rat testis. Int. J. Androl. 1985, 8:89-96.
13. Bergh A. Treatment with hCG increases the size of Leydig cells and testicular macrophages in unilaterally cryptorchid rats. Int. J. Androl. 1987, 10:765-772.
14. Bladergroen B.A., Strik M.C., Bovenschen N., Van Berkum O., Scheffer G.L., Meijer C.J., Hack C.E., Kummer J.A. The granzyme B inhibitor, protease inhibitor 9, is mainly expressed by dendritic cells and at immune-privileged sites. J. Immunol. 2001, 166:3218-3225.
15. Blumberg R.S., Yockey C.E., Gross G.G., Ebert E.C., Balk S.P. Human intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes are derived from a limited number of T-cell clones that utilize multiple VBT cell receptor genes. J. Immunol. 1993, 150:5146-5153.
16. Brandtzaeg P., Cristiansen E., Muller F., Purvis K. Humoral immune response patterns of human mucosae, including the reproductive tracts. Local Immunity in Reproductive Tract Tissues 1993, 97-130. Oxford University Press, New York. P.D. Griffin, P.M. Johnson (Eds.).
17. Brenner M.B. Adhesion between epithelial cells and T lymphocytes mediated by E-cadherin and the αEβ7 integrin. Nature 1996, 372:190-193.
18. Calkins J.H., Guo H., Sigel M.M., Lin T. Differential effects of recombinant interleukin-1a and b on Leydig cell function. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 1990, 167:548-553.
19. Calkins J.H., Siegel M.M., Nankin H.R., Lin T. Interleukin-1 inhibits Leydig cell steroidogenesis in primary culture. Endocrinology 1988, 123:1605-1610.
20. Cepek K.L., Shaw S.K., Parker C.M., Russell G.J., Morrow J.S., Rimm D.L., Brenner M.B. Adhesion between epithelial cells and T-lymphocytes mediated by E-cadherin and the alpha E beta 7 integrin. Nature 1996, 372:190-193.
21. Cerf-Bensussan N., Jarry A., Brousse N., Lisowska-Grospierre B., Guy-Grand D., Griscelli C. A monoclonal antibody (HML-1) defining a novel membrane molecule present on human intestinal lymphocytes. Eus. J. Immunol. 1987, 17:1279-1285.
22. Christensen A.K., Gillim S.W. The correlation of fine structure and function in steroid-secreting cells, with emphasis on those of the gonads. The Gonads 1969, 415-488. Appleton Century-Croft, New York. K.W. Mckerns (Ed.).
23. Cohen P.E., Chisholm O., Arceci R.J., Stanley E.R., Pollard J.W. Absence of colony stimulating factor-1 in osteopetrotic (csfmop/csfmop) mice results in male fertility defect. Biol. Reprod. 1996, 55:310-317.
24. Cohen P.E., Pollard J.W. Use of osteopetrotic mouse for studying macrophages in the reproductive tract. Immunobiology of Reproduction 1994, 104-122. Springer-Verlag, New York. J.S. Hunt (Ed.).
25. Com E., Bourgeon F., Evrard B., Ganz T., Colleu D., Jegou B., Pineau C. Expression of antimicrobial defensins in the male reproductive tract of rats, mice and humans. Biol. Reprod. 2003, 68:95-104.
26. Connell C.J., Christensen A.K. The ultrastructure of the canine testicular interstitial tissue. Bio. Reprod. 1975, 12:368-382.
27. Daugaard G., Petersen H.D., Abilgaard U., Marcossen H., Wallach M., Jess P., Hjort T., Johnsen S.G. Sequelae to genital trauma in torture victims. Arch. Androl. 1983, 10:245-248.
28. Diemer T., Hales D.B., Weidner W. Immune-endocrine interactions and Leydig cell function: The role of cytokines. Andrologia 2003, 35:55-63.
29. Doble A., Walker M.M., Harris J.R., Taylor-Robinson D., Witherow R.O.N. Intraprostatic antibody deposition in chronic abacterial prostatitis. Brit. J. Urol. 1990, 65:598-605.
30. Dym M., Fawcett D.W. The blood-testis barrier in the rat and the physiological compartmentation of the seminiferous epithelium. Biol. Reprod. 1970, 3:308-320.
31. El-Alfi O.S., Bassili F. Immunological aspermatogenesis in man. I. Blastoid transformation of lymphocytes in response to seminal antigen in cases of non-obstructive azoospermia. J. Reprod. Fertil. 1970, 21:23-28.
32. El-Demiry M.I.M., Hargreave T.B., Busuttil A., Elton R.E., James K., Chisholm G.D. Immunocompetent cells in human testis in health and disease. Fert. Ster. 1987, 48:470-479.
33. El-Demiry M.I.M., Hargreave T.R., Busuttil A., James K., Ritchie A.W.S., Chisholm G.D. Lymphocyte sub-populations in the male genital tract. Brit. J. Urol. 1984, 57:768-774.
34. El-Demiry M.I.M., James K. Lymphocyte subsets and macrophages in the male genital tract in health and disease. Euro. J. Urol. 1988, 16:226-235.
35. Focacci M., Quayle A.J., Politch J.A., Anderson D.J. Optimized assay for antisperm cell-mediated immunity. Human Reprod. 1997, 12:39-44.
36. Fowler J.E., Mariano M. Immunologic response of the prostate to bacteriuria and bacterial prostatitis. II Antigen specific immunoglobulin in prostatic fluid. J. Urol. 1982, 128:165-170.
37. Fowler J.E., Mariano M. Immunoglobulin in seminal fluid of fertile, infertile, vasectomy and vasectomy reversal patients. J. Urol. 1983, 129:869-872.
38. Friberg J. Immunoglobulin concentration in serum and seminal fluid from men with and without sperm agglutinating antibodies. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1980, 136:671-675.
39. Gondos B., Rao A., Ramachandron J. Effects of antiserum to luteinizing hormone on the structure and function of rat Leydig cells. J. Endocr. 1980, 87:265-270.
40. Grossman C.J. Interaction between the gonadal steroids and the immune system. Science 1985, 227:257-261.
41. Haas G.G., Bronson R.A., D'Cruz O.J., Fusi F.M. Antisperm antibodies and infertility. Reproductive Immunology 1996, Blackwell Science, Cambridge, MA. R.A. Bronson, N.J. Alexander, D.J. Anderson (Eds.).
42. Haimovici F., Fichorova R., Anderson D.J. Immunoglobulin levels in male preejaculatory fluid as compared with other mucosal secretions. J. Reprod Immunol. 1998, (In press).
43. Hales D.B. Interleukin-1 inhibits Leydig cell steroidogenesis primarily by decreasing 17a-hydroxylase/C17-C20 lyase cytochrome P450 expression. Endocrinology 1992, 131:2165-2172.
44. Hales D.B. Testicular macrophage modulation of Leydig cell steroidogenisis. J. Reprod. Immunol. 2002, 57:3-18.
45. Haneberg B., Kendall D., Amerongen H.M., Apter F.M., Neutra M.R. Induction of specific immunoglobulin A in the small intestine, colon, rectum, and vagina measured by a new method for collection of secretions from local mucosal surfaces. Infect. Immunol. 1994, 62:15-23.
46. Head J.R., Neaves W.B., Billingham R.E. Immune privilege in the testis. I. Basic parameters of allograft survival. Transplantation 1983, 36:423-431.
47. Hedger M.P. Macrophages and the immune responsiveness to the testis. J. Reprod. Immunol. 2002, 57:19-34.
48. Hermo L., Lalli M. Monocytes and mast cells in the limiting membrane of human seminiferous tubules. Biol. Reprod. 1978, 14:92-100.
49. Hoefsmit E.C. Macrophages, Langerhans cells, interdigitating and dendritic accessory cells: A summary. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 1982, 149:463-468.
50. Husband A.J., Clifton V.L. Role of intestinal immunization in urinary tract defense. Immunol. Cell Biol. 1989, 67:371-376.
51. Jarow J.P., Kirkland J.A., Assimos D.G. Association of antisperm antibodies with chronic nonbacterial prostatis. Urology 1990, 36:154-156.
52. Johnson M.H., Setchell B.P. Protein and immunoglobulin content of rete testis fluid of rams. J. Reprod. Fertil. 1968, 17:403-406.
53. Kearns D.H., O'Reilly R.J., Lee L., Welch B.G. Secretory IgA antibodies in the urethral exudate of men with uncomplicated urethritis due to Neissaria gonorrhoeae. J. Infect. Dis. 1973, 127:98-101.
54. Khan S.A., Khan S.J., Dorrington J.K. Interleukin-1 stimulates deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in immature rat Leydig cells in vitro. Endocrinology 1992, 131:1853-1857.
55. Khan S.A., Teerds K., Dorrington J. Growth factor requirements for DNA synthesis by Leydig cells from the immature rat. Biol. Reprod. 1992, 46:335-341.
56. King P.D., Katz D.R. Mechanisms of dendritic cell function. Immunol. Today 1990, 11:206-211.
57. Kimmel S.G., Ohbatake M., Kushida M., Merguerian P., Clarke I.D., Kim P.C.W. Murine xenogenetic immune response to the human testis: A presumed immune-privileged tissue. Transplantation 2000, 69:1075-1084.
58. Koide S.S., Wang L., Kamada M. Antisperm antibodies associated with infertility: Properties and encoding genes to target antigens. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 2000, 224:123-132.
59. Kojima H., Wang S.-P., Kuo C.-C., Grayston J.T. Local antibody in semen for rapid diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis epididymitis. J. Urol. 1988, 140:528-531.
60. Lehner T., Bergmeier L.A., Panagiotidi C., Tao L., Brookes R., Klavinskis L.S., Walker P., Walker J., Ward R.G., Hussain L., Gearring A.J.H., Adams S. Induction of mucosal and systemic immunity to a recombinant simian immunodeficiency viral protein. Science 1992, 258:1365-1369.
61. Lehner T., Bergmeier L.A., Tao L., Panagiotidi C., Klavinskis L.S., Hussain L., Ward R.G., Meyers N., Adams S.E., Gearing A.J.H., Brookes R. Targeted lymph node immunization with simian immunodeficiency virus p27 antigen to elicit genital, rectal, and urinary immune responses in nonhuman primates. J. Immunol. 1994, 153:1858-1868.
62. Lehner T., Wang Y., Crancege M., Bermeier L.A., Mitchell E., Tao L., Hall G., Dennis M., Cook N., Brookes R., Klavinski L., Janes I., Doyle C., Ward R. Protective mucosal immunity elicited by targeted iliac lymph node immunization with a subunit SIV envelope and core vaccine in macaques. Nat. Med. 1996, 2:767-775.
63. Li P., Chan H.C., He B., So S.C., Chung Y.W., Shang Q., Zhang Y.D., Zhang Y.L. An antimicrobial peptide gene found in the male reproductive system of rats. Science 2001, 291:1783-1785.
64. Linnet L., Fogh-Anderson P. Vasovasostomy: Sperm agglutinins in operatively obtained epididymal fluid and in seminal plasma before and after operation. J. Clin. Lab. Immunol. 1979, 2:245.
65. Mauduit C., Hartmann D.J., Chauvin M.A., Revol A., Morera A.M., Benahamed M. Tumor necrosis α factor inhibits gonadotropin action in cultured porcine Leydig cells' site(s) of action. Endocrinology 1991, 129:2933-2940.
66. Mayer K.H., Anderson D.J. Heterosexual HIV transmission. Infect. Agents Dis. 1995, 4:273.
67. McDonald S.W. Cellular responses to vasectomy. Int. Rev. Cytol. 2000, 199:295-339.
68. McLachlan R.I. Basis, diagnosis and treatment of immunological infertility in men. J. Reprod. Immunol. 2002, 87:35-45.
69. McMillan A., McNeillage G., Young H. Antibodies to Neisseria gonorrhoeae: A study of the urethral exudates of 232 men. J. Infect. Dis. 1979, 160:89-95.
70. McMillan A., McNeillage G., Young H., Bain S. Serum immunoglobulin response in uncomplicated gonorrhea. Br. J. Vener. Dis. 1979, 55:5.
71. Mestecky J., Eldridge J.H. Targeting and controlled release of antigens for the effective induction of secretory antibody responses. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 1991, 3:492-495.
72. Migliari R., Riva A., Lantini M.S., Melis M., Usai E. Diffuse lymphoid tissue associated with the human bulbourethral gland. An immunohistologic characterization. J. Androl. 1992, 13:337-341.
73. Miller C.J., Vogel P., Alexander N.J., Dandelar S., Hendrickx A.G., Marx P.A. Pathology and localization of simian immunodeficiency virus in the reproductive tract of chronically infected male Rhesus macaques. Lab. Invest. 1994, 70:255-262.
74. Miller S.C., Bowman B.M., Rowland H.G. Structure, cytochemistry, endocytic activity, and immunoglobulin (Fc) receptors of rat testicular interstitial tissue macrophages. Am. J. Anat. 1983, 168:1-13.
75. Mowat A.D. The regulation of immune responses of dietary protein antigens. Immunol. Today 1987, 8:93-98.
76. Musey L., Ding Y., Cao J., Lee J., Galloway C., Yuen A., Jerome K.R., McElrath M.J. Ontogeny and specificities of mucosal and blood human deficiency virus type 1-specific CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes. J. Virol. 2003, 77:291-300.
77. Nes W.D., Lukyanenko Y.O., Jia Z.H., Quideau S., Howald W.N., Pratum T.K., West R.R., Hutson J.C. Identification of the lipophilic factor produced by macrophages that stimulates steriodogenesis. Endocrinology 2000, 141:953-958.
78. Ogra P.L., Ogra S.S. Local antibody response to poliovaccine in the human female genital tract. J. Immunol. 1973, 110:1307-1311.
79. Olsen N.J., Kovacs W.J. Gonadal steroids and immunity. Endocr. Rev. 1996, 17:369-386.
80. Orth J., Christensen A.K. Localization of 125 1-labeled FSH in the testes of hypophysectomized rats by autoradiography at the light and electron microscope levels. Endocrinology 1977, 101:262-278.
81. Parker C.M., Cepek K.L., Russell G.J., Shaw S.K., Posnett D.N., Schwarting R., Brenner M.B. A famility of B7 integrins on human mucosal lymphocytes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1992, 89:1924-1928.
82. Parr M.B., Kepple L., McDermott M.R., Drew M.D., Bozzola J.J., Parr E.L. A mouse model for studies of mucosal immunity to vaginal infection by Herpes simplex virus type 2. Lab. Invest. 1994, 70:369-380.
83. Parr M.B., Parr E.L. Immunohistochemical localization of secretory component and immunoglobulin A in the urogenital tract of the male rodent. J. Reprod. Fert. 1989, 85:115-124.
84. Parr M.B., Ren H.P., Russell L.D., Prins G.S., Parr E.L. Urethral glands of the male mouse contain secretory component and immunoglobulin A plasma cells and are targets of testosterone. Boil. Reprod. 1992, 47:1031-1039.
85. Pate M.S., Hedges S.R., Sibley D.A., Russell M.W., Hook E.W., Mestecky J. Urethral cytokine and immune responses in Chlamydia trichomatis-infected males. Infect. Immun. 2001, 69:7178-7181.
86. Polidori R., Ambrogi F., Izzo P.L., Mariani M., Grassi B., Menchini Fabris G.E. Cell mediated immunity in male fertility. Immunological infertility in man. Andrologia 1980, 12:141-145.
87. Pollanen P., Niemi M. Immunohistochemical identification of macrophages, lymphoid cells, and HLA antigens in the human testis. Int. J. Androl. 1987, 10:37-47.
88. Pollanen P., Von Euler M., Soder O. Testicular immunoregulator factors. J. Reprod. Immunol. 1990, 18:51-76.
89. Pudney J. Fine structural changes in Sertoli and Leydig cells during the reproductive cycle of the ground squirrel Citellus lateralis. J. Reprod. Fert. 1986, 77:37-49.
90. Pudney J., Anderson D. Orchitis and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infected cells in reproductive tissues from men with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Am. J. Pathol. 1991, 139:149-160.
91. Pudney J., Anderson D.J. Immunity in the human male reproductive tract. Immunobiology of Reproduction 1994, 14-22. Springer-Verlag, New York. J.S. Hunt (Ed.).
92. Pudney J., Anderson D.J. Immunobiology of the human penile urethra. Am. J. Pathol. 1995, 147:155-165.
93. Pudney J., Quayle A.J. Hormonal regulation of mucosal immunity in the male reproductive tract. Mucosal Immunology Update 1995, 3:1.
94. Pudney J.A., Anderson D.J. Organization of immunocompetent cells and their function in the male reproductive tract. Local Immunity in Reproductive Tract Tissues 1993, 131-136. Oxford University Press, Oxford. P.D. Griffin, P.M. Johnson (Eds.).
95. Quayle A.J., Coston W.P., Trocha A., Kalams S., Mayer K.H., Anderson D.J. Detection of HIV specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in semen of asymptomatic HIV positive individuals. J. Immunol. 1998, 16:4406-4410.
96. Quayle A.J., Porter E., Nussbaum A.A., Wang Y.M., Brabec C., Yip K.P., Mok S. Gene expression, immunolocalization and secretion of human defensin-5 in the human female reproductive tract. Am. J. Pathol. 1998, 152:1247-1258.
97. Quayle A.J., Pudney J., Munoz D.E., Anderson D.J. Characterization of T lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells in the murine male urethra. Biol. Reprod. 1994, 51:809-820.
98. Quayle A.J., Xu C., Mayer K.H., Anderson D.J. T lymphocytes and macrophages but not motile spermatozoa, are a significant source of human immunodeficiency virus in semen. J. Infect. Dis. 1997, 176:960-968.
99. Rapaport F.T., Sampath A., Kano K., McClusky R.T., Milgram F. Immunological sequelae of experimental thermal injury to the testis. Surg. Forum 1969, 20:503-505.
100. Rassmussen S.J., Eckmann L., Quayle A.J., Shen L., Zhang Y.X., Anderson D.J., Fierer J., Stephen R.S., Kaguoff M.F. Secretion of proinflammatory cytokines by epithelial cells in response to chlamydia infection suggests a central role for epithelial cells in chlamydial pathogenesis. J. Clin. Immunol. 1997, 99:77-87.
101. Riccioli A., Salvati L., D'Alessio A., Starace D., Giampietri C., De Cesaris P., Filippini A., Ziparo E. The Fas System in the seminiferous eithelium and its possible extra-testicular role. Andrologia 2003, 35:64-70.
102. Ritchie A.W.S., Hargreave T.B., James K., Chisholm G.D. Intra-epithelial lymphocytes in the normal epididymis. A mechanism for tolerance to sperm auto-antigens. Brit. J. Urol. 1984, 56:79-83.
103. River D., Rivest S. Effect of stress on the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis: peripheral and central mechanisms. Biol. Reprod. 1991, 45:523-532.
104. Romani N., Koide S., Crowley M., Witner-Pack M., Livingston A.M., Fatherman C.G., Inaba K., Steinman R.M. Presentation of exogenous protein antigens by dendritic cells to T cell clones. Intact protein is presented best by immature epidermal Langerhans' cells. J. Exp. Med. 1989, 69:1169-1178.
105. Rumke P. The origin of immunoglobulins in semen. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 1974, 17:287-297.
106. Russell G.J., Nagler-Anderson C., Anderson P., Bhan A.K. Cytotoxic potential of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs). Presence of TIA-1 the cytolytic granule-associated protein in human IELs in normal and diseased intestine. Am. J. Pathol. 1993, 143:350-354.
107. Shortliffe L.M.D., Wehner N., Stamey T.A. The detection of local prostatic immunologic response to bacterial prostatitis. J. Urol. 1981, 125:509-515.
108. Soffer Y., Ron-El R., Golan A., et al. Male genital mycoplasmas and chlamydia trachomatis culture; its relationship with accessory gland function, sperm quality, and autoimmunity. Fertil. Steril. 1990, 53:331-336.
109. Steinman R.M. Dendritic cells. Transplantation 1981, 31:151-155.
110. Stern J.E., Gardner S., Quirk D., Wira C.R. Secretory immune system of the male reproductive tract: effects of dihydrotestosterone and estradiol on IgA and secretory component levels. J. Reprod. Immunol. 1997, 22:73-85.
111. Streilein J.W. Unraveling immune privilege. Science 1995, 270:1158-1160.
112. Tauber P.F., Zaneveld L.J.D., Propping D., Schumacher G.F.B. Components of human split ejaculates. Spermatozoa, fructose, immunoglobulins, albumin, lactoferrin, transferrin and other plasma proteins. J. Reprod. Fert. 1975, 43:249-267.
113. Thapar M., Parr E.L., Parr M.B. Secretory immune responses in mouse vaginal fluid after pelvic, parenteral, or vaginal immunization. Immunology 1990, 70:121-125.
114. Tjokronegoro A., Sirisinha S. Quantitative analysis of immunoglobulins and albumin in secretions of female reproductive tract. Fert. Steril. 1975, 26:413-417.
115. Tung K.S.K. Autoimmune disease of the testis and ovary. Reproductive Immunology 1996, 433-442. Blackwell Science, Cambridge, MA. R.A. Bronson, N.J. Alexander, D. Anderson (Eds.).
116. Tung K.S.K., Yule T.O., Mahi-Brown C.A., Listrom M.B. Distribution of histopathology and Ia positive cells in actively induced and passively transferred experimental autoimmune orchitis. J. Immun. 1987, 138:752-759.
117. Tyler A., Tyler E.T., Denny P.D. Concepts and experiments in immunoreproduction. Fertil. Steril. 1967, 18:153-166.
118. Uehling D.T. Secretory IgA in seminal fluid. Fertil. Steril. 1971, 22:769-773.
119. Wahab-Wahlgren A., Holst M., Agele D., Sultana T., Parvinen M., Gustafsson K., Granholm T., Soder O. Constitutive production of interleukin-1α mRNA and protein in the developing rat testis. Int. J. Andol. 2000, 23:360-365.
120. Wishnow K.L., Wehner N., Stamey T.A. The diagnostic value of the immunologic response in bacterial and nonbacterial prostatitis. J. Urol. 1982, 127:689-694.
121. Witkin S.S., Sonnabend J. Immune response to spermatozoa in homosexual men. Fertil. Steril. 1983, 39:337-342.
122. Wolff H., Mayer K., Seage G., Politch J., Horsburgh C.R., Anderson D.J. A comparison of HIV-1 antibody classes, titers and specificities in paired semen and blood samples from HIV-1 seropositive men. J. AIDS 1992, 5:65-69.
123. Yamaguchi Y., Nagase T., Makita R., Fukuhara S., Tomita T., Tominaga T., Kurihara H., Ouchi Y. Identification of multiple novel epididymis-specific beta-defensin isoforms in humans and mice. J. Immunol. 2002, 169:2516-2523.
124. Yee J.B., Hutson J.C. Biochemical consequences of follicle-stimulating hormone binding to testicular macrophages in culture. Bio. Reprod. 1985, 32:872-879.
125. Yule T.D., Mahi-Brown C.A., Tung K.S.K. Role of testicular autoantigens and influence of lymphokines in testicular autoimmune disease. J. Reprod. Immunol. 1990, 18:89-103.
126. Yule T.D., Montoya G.D., Russell L.D., Williams T.M., Tung K.S.K. Autoantigenic germ cells exist outside the blood testis barrier. J. Immunol. 1988, 141:1161-1167.