Low electron density diagnostics: Development of optical emission spectroscopic techniques and some applications to microwave induced plasmas

Spectrochimica Acta - Part B Atomic Spectroscopy

Volumn 59, Issue 5, 2004, Pages 591-605

  Ivkovic M ^a   Jovicevic S ^a   Konjevic N ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BELGRADE   (Serbia)

Author keywords

Electron density diagnostics; Microwave induced plasmas; Optical emission spectroscopy

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE; CARRIER CONCENTRATION; HELIUM; HYDROGEN; MICROWAVES; OPTICAL SYSTEMS; PLASMA THEORY; QUANTUM THEORY; SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS;

BOLTZMANN PLOTS; LOCAL THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM (LTE); MICROWAVE-INDUCED PLASMAS (MIP); OPTICAL EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY (OES);

LIGHT EMISSION;

EID: 2442570623     PISSN: 05848547     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.sab.2004.02.005     Document Type: Review

References (83)

1. Jin Q., Duan Y., Olivares J.A. Development and investigation of microwave plasma techniques in analytical atomic spectrometry. Spectrochim. Acta Part B. 52:1997;131-161.
2. Locchte-Holtgreven W. Plasma Diagnostics. 1995;American Institute of Physics, New York.
3. Ropke J., Davies P.B., Kaning M., Lavrov B.P. Diagnostics of non-equilibrium molecular plasmas using emission and absorption spectroscopy. Hippler R., Pfau S., Schmidt M., Schonbach K.H. Low Temperature Plasma Physics - Fundamental Aspects and Applications. 2001;173-198 Wiley-VCH, Berlin, N.Y. Toronto.
4. Griem H.R. Plasma Spectroscopy. 1964;Academic Press, New York.
5. W. Demtröder, Laser spectroscopy: basic concepts and instrumentation, Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1998, ISBN 3-540-57171-X.
6. Warner K., Hieftje G.M. Thomson scattering from analytical plasmas. Spectrochim. Acta Part B. 57:2002;201-241.
7. Laux C.O., Spence T.G., Kruger C.H., Zare R.N. Optical diagnostics of atmosperic pressure air plasmas. Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 12:2003;125-138.
8. Griem H. Principles of Plasma Spectroscopy. 1997;Cambridge University Press.
9. Drawin H.W. Validity conditions for local thermodynamic equilibrium. Rompe R., Steenbeck. Progress in Plasmas and Gas Electronics. 1975;Akademie Verlag, Berlin.
10. Jovicevic S., Ivkovic M., Pavlovic Z., Konjevic N. Parametric study of an atmospheric pressure microwave-induced plasma of the mini MIP torch - I. Two-dimensional spatially resolved electron number density measurements. Spectrochim. Acta Part B. 55:2000;1879-1893.
11. Jovicevic S., Ivkovic M., Konjevic N. Parametric study of an atmospheric pressure microwave induced plasma of the mini MIP torch - II. Two-dimensional spatially resolved excitation temperature measurements. Spectrochim. Acta Part B. 56:2001;2419-2428.
12. Inglis D., Teller E. Ionic depression of series limits. Astrophys. J. 90:1939;439-448.
13. Vidal C.R. Determination of electron density from line merging. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer. 6:1966;461-477.
14. M. Ivkovic, S. Jovicevic and N. Konjevic, Old 'new' method for low electron density plasma diagnostics, IV International Conference on Plasma Physics and Plasma Technology, Minsk, Belarus, ISBN 5-85389-039-5, 15-19 Sept. 2003, pp. 392-395.
15. Marinkovic M., Vickers T. Free atom production in a stabilized d.c. arc device for atomic absorption spectrometry. J. Appl. Spectrosc. 25:1971;319-324.
16. Kuzmanovic M.M., Pavlovic M.S., Savovic J.J., Marinkovic M. Temporal responses of spectral line intensities emitted by d.c. arc plasma with aerosol supply studied by power interruption technique. Spectrochim. Acta Part B. 58:2003;239-248.
17. Vidal C.R., Cooper J., Smith E.W. Hydrogen Stark-broadening tables. Astrophys. J. 25:(214):1973;37-136.
18. Wiese W.L., Kelleher D.E., Paquette D.R. Detailed study of the Stark broadening of Balmer lines in a high density plasmas. Phys. Rev. A6:1972;1132-1153.
19. Kelleher D.E., Wiese W.L. Observation of ion motion in hydrogen Stark profiles. Phys. Rev. Lett. 31:1973;1431-1434.
20. Goode S.R., Deavor J.P. Determination of electron density in an atomic plasma by least-squares fit to the Stark profile. Spectrochim. Acta Part B. 39:1984;813-818.
21. Chan S.-K., Montaser A. Determination of electron number densities via Stark broadening with an improved algorithm. Spectrochim. Acta Part B. 44:1989;175-184.
22. Kuraica M., Konjevic N., Platiša M., Pantelic D. Plasma diagnostics of the Grimm-type glow discharge. Spectrochim. Acta Part B. 47B:1992;1173-1186.
23. Zhang H., Hsiech C., Izshi I., Zeng Z., Montaser A. Revised, fast, flexible algorithms for determination of electron number densities in plasma discharges. Spectrochim. Acta Part B. 49:1994;817-828.
24. Starn T.K., Sesi N.N., Horner J.A., Hieftje G.M. A LabVIEW program for determining electron number density from Stark broadening measurements of the hydrogen-beta line. Spectrochim. Acta Part B. 50B:1995;1147-1158.
25. Stehlé C., Hutcheon R. Extensive tabulations of Stark broadened hydrogen line profiles. Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser. 140:1999;93-97.
26. Gigosos M.A., Cardeñoso V. New plasma diagnosis tables of hydrogen Stark broadening including ion dynamics. J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 29:1996;4795-4838.
27. Zikic R., Gigosos M.A., Ivkovic M., Gonzalez M.A., Konjevic N. A program for the evaluation of electron number density from experimental hydrogen Balmer beta line profiles. Spectrochim. Acta Part B. 57:2002;987-998.
28. Acon B.W., Stehlé C., Zhang H., Montaser A. Stark-broadened hydrogen line profiles predicted by the model microfield method for calculating electron number densities. Spectrochim. Acta Part B. 56:2001;527-539.
29. Luders V.G. Der Starkeffekt des Wasserstoffs bei kleinen Feldsärken. Annalen der Physik. 6:1951;301-321.
30. Vidal C.R. Die Druckverbreiterung der Balmer-Linen und der diffusen Linien des Heliums. Z. Naturforschg. 19a:1964;947-967.
31. C.R. Vidal, Stark broadening of the Pashen lines, Proceedings of the 7th International Conference Phenomena in Ionized Gases, Gradjevinska knjiga Publishing, Belgrade (1965) pp. 168-173.
32. Schlütter H. Untersuchungen an Balmer-Spektren bei einer hochfrequenzentladung. Z. Naturforschg. 16a:1962;972-984.
33. Bengtson R.D., Tannich J.D., Kepple P. Comparison between measured and theoretical Stark-broadened profiles H6-H12 emitted from a low-density plasma. Phys. Rev. A. 1:1970;532-533.
34. Welch B.L., Griem H.R., Terry J., Kurz C., LaBombard B., Lipschultz B., Marmar E., McCracken G. Density measurements in the edge, divertor and X-point regions of Alcator C-Mod from Balmer series emission. Phys. Plasmas. 2:1995;4246-4251.
35. Barnard A.J., Cooper J., Smith E.W. The broadening of He I lines including ion dynamic corrections, with application to λ4471 Å J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer. 14:1974;1025-1077.
36. Barnard A.J., Cooper J., Smith E.W. Stark broadening tables for He I λ4922 Å J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer. 15:1975;429-437.
37. Richter H., Piel A. Variation of the ion dynamics parameter in Stark-broadened helium lines. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer. 33:1985;615-626.
38. Schöning T. Stark broadening of He I lines. J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 27:1994;4501-4511.
39. Czernichowski A., Chapelle J. Use of 447 nm He I line to determine electron concentration. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer. 33:1985;427-435.
40. Mijatovic Z., Kobilarov R., Djurovic S., Stevanov M. Use of He(I) 447.1 nm line with forbidden component for electron density determination in plasmas. Appl. Spectrosc. 51:1997;396-400.
41. Uzelac N.I., Konjevic N. Stark broadening of the He I 4471 Å line and its forbidden component in dense cool plasma. Phys. Rev. A. 33:1986;1349-1355.
42. C.E. Moore, Atomic Energy Levels, vol. I, II and III, NSRDS-NBS 35, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1971.
43. Pérez C., de la Rosa I., Aparicio J.A., Mar S., Gigosos M.A. Calibration of the Stark-broadening parameters of two HeI lines with forbidden components. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 35:1996;4073-4076.
44. A,r (x). J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer. 50:1993;329-335.
45. Nikolic D., Mijatovic Z., Djurovic S., Kobilarov R., Konjevic N. Deconvolution of plasma broadened non-hydrogenic neutral atom lines. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer. 70:2001;67-74.
46. Davies J.T., Vaughan J.M. A new tabulation of the Voigt profile. Astro. Phys. J. 137:1963;1302-1305.
47. Konjevic N. Plasma broadening and shifting of non-hydrogenic spectral lines: present status and applications. Phys. Rep. 316:1999;339-401.
48. Griem H.R. Spectral Line Broadening by Plasmas. 1974;Academic Press, New York.
49. Konjevic N., Roberts J.R. A critical review of the Stark width and shifts of spectral lines from non-hydrogenic atoms. J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data. 5:1976;209-257.
50. Konjevic N., Wiese W.L. Experimental Stark widths and shifts for non-hydrogenic spectral lines of ionized atoms (A critical review and tabulation of selected data). J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data. 5:1976;259-308.
51. Konjevic N., Dimitrijevic M.S., Wiese W.L. Experimental Strak widths and shifts for spectral lines of neutral atoms (A critical review of selected data for the period 1976 to 1982). J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data. 13:1984;619-647.
52. Konjevic N., Dimitrijevic M.S., Wiese W.L. Experimental Strak widths and shifts for spectral lines of positive ions (A critical review of selected data for the period 1976 to 1982). J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data. 13:1984;649-686.
53. Konjevic N., Wiese W.L. Experimental Stark widths and shifts for spectral lines of neutral and ionized atoms (A critical review of selected data for the period through 1983 to 1988). J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data. 19:1990;1307-1385.
54. Konjevic N., Lesage A., Fuhr J.R., Wiese W.L. Experimental Stark widths and shifts for spectral lines of neutral and ionized atoms (A critical review of selected data for the period through 1989 to 2000). J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data. 31:2002;819-929.
55. Kelleher D.E. Stark broadening of visible neutral helium lines in a plasma. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer. 25:1981;191-220.
56. Kobilarov R., Konjevic N., Popovic M.V. Influence of ion dynamics on the width and shift of isolated HeI lines in plasmas. Phys. Rev. A. 40:1989;3871-3879.
57. Mijatovic Z., Konjevic N., Ivkovic M., Kobilarov R. Influence of ion dynamics on the width and shift of isolated HeI lines in plasmas II. Phys. Rev. E51:1995;4891-4896.
58. Mijatovic Z. Influence of ion-dynamics effect on the shape of neutral atoms spectral lines. J. Appl. Spectrosc. 63:1996;836-844.
59. Griem, Beranger M., Kolb A.C., Oertel G. Stark broadening of neutral helium lines in a plasma. Phys. Rev. 125:1962;177-195.
60. Griem H.R. Stark broadening of isolated spectral lines from heavy elements in a plasmas. Phys. Rev. 128:1962;515-523.
61. Dimitrijevic M.S., Konjevic N. Stark broadening of isolated spectral lines of heavy elements in plasmas. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer. 30:1983;45-54.
62. Sahal-Bréchot S. Impact theory of the broadening and shift of spectral lines due to electrons and ions in a plasma. Astron. Astrophys. 1:1969;91-123.
63. Sahal-Bréchot S. Impact theory of the broadening and shift of spectral lines due to electrons and ions in a plasma (continued). Astron. Astrophys. 2:1969;322-354.
64. Dimitrijevic M.S. A program to provide Stark-broadening data for stellar and laboratory plasma investigations. J. Appl. Spectrosc. 63:1996;684-689.
65. Seaton M.J. Atomic data for opacity calculations: I. General description. J. Phys. B. 20:1987;6363-6378.
66. Seaton M.J. Atomic data for opacity calculations: VIII; Line-profile measurements for 42 transitions in Li-like and Be-like ions. J. Phys. B. 21:1988;3033-3054.
67. Griem H.R. Semiempirical formulas for the electron-impact widths and shifts of isolated ion lines in plasmas. Phys. Rev. 165:1968;258-266.
68. Dimitrijevic M.S., Konjevic N. Stark widths of doubly - and triply-ionized atom lines. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer. 24:1980;451-459.
69. Dimitrijevic M.S., Kršljanin V. Electron-impact shifts of ion lines: modified semiempirical approach. Astron. Astrophys. 165:1986;269-274.
70. Dimitrijevic M.S., Konjevic N. Simple estimates for Stark broadening of ion lines in stellar plasmas. Astron. Astrophys. 172:1987;345-349.
71. M.S. Dimitrijevic, N. Konjevic, in: B. Wende, W. de Gruyter, (Ed.) Spectral Line Shapes, Berlin, 1981, pp. 211-239.
72. Eddy T.L. Electron temperature determination in LTE and NON-LTE plasmas. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer. 33:1985;197-211.
73. van der Sijde B., van der Mullen J.A.M. Temperature determination in non-LTE plasmas. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer. 44:1990;39-46.
74. Behringer K., Fantz U. Spectroscopic diagnostics of glow discharge plasmas with non-Maxwellian electron energy distributions. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 27:1994;2128-2135.
75. Popa S.D. Influence of pressure on spectral intensities in flowing nitrogen glow discharge. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 29:1996;416-418.
76. R.J. Exton, R. Jeffrey Balla, G.C. Hering, S. Popovic, L. Vuškovic, Volumetric near-field microwave plasma generation, 34th AIAA Plasmadynamics and Lasers Conference, 23-26 Jun 2003, Orlando, Florida, USA, paper 4181.
77. Bogaerts A., Gijbels R. Effects of adding hydrogen to an argon glow discharge: overview of relevant processes and some qualitative explanations. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 15:2000;441-449.
78. Bogaerts A., Gijbels R. Effect of small amounts of hydrogen added to argon glow discharges: Hybrid Monte Carlo-fluid model. Phys. Rev. E. 65:2002;56.
79. 010 cavity for an atmospheric pressure microwave induced plasmas. Spectrochim. Acta Part B. 33:1978;545-549.
80. Beenakker C.I.M. A cavity for microwave-induced plasmas operated in helium and argon at atmospheric pressure. Spectrohim. Acta Part B. 31:1976;483-486.
81. Delcroix J.L., Ferreira C.M., Ricard A. Bekefi G. Principles of Laser Plasmas. 1976;159-233 John Wiley and Sons, New York.
82. Lavrov B.P., Melnikov A.S. Excitation transfer from Ar* to H2 in a gas-discharge plasma. Opt. Spectrosc. 85:1998;666-671.
83. Hezberg G. Molecular Spectra and Molecular Structure-I. Spectra of Diatomic Molecules. 1950;Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York.