The mobility of English tenant farmers, c. 1700-1850

Agricultural History Review

Volumn 51, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 173-189

  Stead, David R ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 2442544625     PISSN: 00021490     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (89)

1. A. Offer, 'Farm tenure and land values in England, c. 1750-1950', EcHR 44 (1991), p. 10. Compare R. C. Allen, Enclosure and the yeoman: the agricultural development of the south Midlands, 1450-1850 (1992), pp. 181, 209; J. V. Beckett, 'Landownership and estate management', in G. E. Mingay (ed.), The agrarian history of England and Wales (hereafter Agrarian History), VI, 1750-1850 (1989), p. 616; C. Clay, 'Landlords and estate management in England', in J. Thirsk (ed.), Agrarian History, V (ii) (1985), pp. 210, 213; L. Davidoff and C. Hall, Family fortunes: men and women of the English middle class, 1780-1850 (1987), pp. 254-5; G. E. Mingay, English landed society in the eighteenth century (1963), pp. 170-1; M. E. Turner, J. V. Beckett and B. Afton, Farm production in England, 1700-1914 (2001), pp. 32, 41.
2. A. Offer, 'Farm tenure and land values in England, c. 1750-1950', EcHR 44 (1991), p. 10. Compare R. C. Allen, Enclosure and the yeoman: the agricultural development of the south Midlands, 1450-1850 (1992), pp. 181, 209; J. V. Beckett, 'Landownership and estate management', in G. E. Mingay (ed.), The agrarian history of England and Wales (hereafter Agrarian History), VI, 1750-1850 (1989), p. 616; C. Clay, 'Landlords and estate management in England', in J. Thirsk (ed.), Agrarian History, V (ii) (1985), pp. 210, 213; L. Davidoff and C. Hall, Family fortunes: men and women of the English middle class, 1780-1850 (1987), pp. 254-5; G. E. Mingay, English landed society in the eighteenth century (1963), pp. 170-1; M. E. Turner, J. V. Beckett and B. Afton, Farm production in England, 1700-1914 (2001), pp. 32, 41.
3. A. Offer, 'Farm tenure and land values in England, c. 1750-1950', EcHR 44 (1991), p. 10. Compare R. C. Allen, Enclosure and the yeoman: the agricultural development of the south Midlands, 1450-1850 (1992), pp. 181, 209; J. V. Beckett, 'Landownership and estate management', in G. E. Mingay (ed.), The agrarian history of England and Wales (hereafter Agrarian History), VI, 1750-1850 (1989), p. 616; C. Clay, 'Landlords and estate management in England', in J. Thirsk (ed.), Agrarian History, V (ii) (1985), pp. 210, 213; L. Davidoff and C. Hall, Family fortunes: men and women of the English middle class, 1780-1850 (1987), pp. 254-5; G. E. Mingay, English landed society in the eighteenth century (1963), pp. 170-1; M. E. Turner, J. V. Beckett and B. Afton, Farm production in England, 1700-1914 (2001), pp. 32, 41.
4. A. Offer, 'Farm tenure and land values in England, c. 1750-1950', EcHR 44 (1991), p. 10. Compare R. C. Allen, Enclosure and the yeoman: the agricultural development of the south Midlands, 1450-1850 (1992), pp. 181, 209; J. V. Beckett, 'Landownership and estate management', in G. E. Mingay (ed.), The agrarian history of England and Wales (hereafter Agrarian History), VI, 1750-1850 (1989), p. 616; C. Clay, 'Landlords and estate management in England', in J. Thirsk (ed.), Agrarian History, V (ii) (1985), pp. 210, 213; L. Davidoff and C. Hall, Family fortunes: men and women of the English middle class, 1780-1850 (1987), pp. 254-5; G. E. Mingay, English landed society in the eighteenth century (1963), pp. 170-1; M. E. Turner, J. V. Beckett and B. Afton, Farm production in England, 1700-1914 (2001), pp. 32, 41.
5. A. Offer, 'Farm tenure and land values in England, c. 1750-1950', EcHR 44 (1991), p. 10. Compare R. C. Allen, Enclosure and the yeoman: the agricultural development of the south Midlands, 1450-1850 (1992), pp. 181, 209; J. V. Beckett, 'Landownership and estate management', in G. E. Mingay (ed.), The agrarian history of England and Wales (hereafter Agrarian History), VI, 1750-1850 (1989), p. 616; C. Clay, 'Landlords and estate management in England', in J. Thirsk (ed.), Agrarian History, V (ii) (1985), pp. 210, 213; L. Davidoff and C. Hall, Family fortunes: men and women of the English middle class, 1780-1850 (1987), pp. 254-5; G. E. Mingay, English landed society in the eighteenth century (1963), pp. 170-1; M. E. Turner, J. V. Beckett and B. Afton, Farm production in England, 1700-1914 (2001), pp. 32, 41.
6. A. Offer, 'Farm tenure and land values in England, c. 1750-1950', EcHR 44 (1991), p. 10. Compare R. C. Allen, Enclosure and the yeoman: the agricultural development of the south Midlands, 1450-1850 (1992), pp. 181, 209; J. V. Beckett, 'Landownership and estate management', in G. E. Mingay (ed.), The agrarian history of England and Wales (hereafter Agrarian History), VI, 1750-1850 (1989), p. 616; C. Clay, 'Landlords and estate management in England', in J. Thirsk (ed.), Agrarian History, V (ii) (1985), pp. 210, 213; L. Davidoff and C. Hall, Family fortunes: men and women of the English middle class, 1780-1850 (1987), pp. 254-5; G. E. Mingay, English landed society in the eighteenth century (1963), pp. 170-1; M. E. Turner, J. V. Beckett and B. Afton, Farm production in England, 1700-1914 (2001), pp. 32, 41.
7. A. Offer, 'Farm tenure and land values in England, c. 1750-1950', EcHR 44 (1991), p. 10. Compare R. C. Allen, Enclosure and the yeoman: the agricultural development of the south Midlands, 1450-1850 (1992), pp. 181, 209; J. V. Beckett, 'Landownership and estate management', in G. E. Mingay (ed.), The agrarian history of England and Wales (hereafter Agrarian History), VI, 1750-1850 (1989), p. 616; C. Clay, 'Landlords and estate management in England', in J. Thirsk (ed.), Agrarian History, V (ii) (1985), pp. 210, 213; L. Davidoff and C. Hall, Family fortunes: men and women of the English middle class, 1780-1850 (1987), pp. 254-5; G. E. Mingay, English landed society in the eighteenth century (1963), pp. 170-1; M. E. Turner, J. V. Beckett and B. Afton, Farm production in England, 1700-1914 (2001), pp. 32, 41.
8. Offer, 'Farm tenure', p. 10. The 1850-1914 survey is G. E. Mingay, 'The farmer', in E. J. T. Collins (ed.), Agrarian History, VII (2000), pp. 767-78.
9. Offer, 'Farm tenure', p. 10. The 1850-1914 survey is G. E. Mingay, 'The farmer', in E. J. T. Collins (ed.), Agrarian History, VII (2000), pp. 767-78.
10. J. Farey, General view of the agriculture and minerals of Derbyshire (3 vols, 1811-7), III, pp. 633-4; Allen, Enclosure and the yeoman, pp. 181-2; F. M. L. Thompson, English landed society in the nineteenth century (1963), pp. 200-4.
11. J. Farey, General view of the agriculture and minerals of Derbyshire (3 vols, 1811-7), III, pp. 633-4; Allen, Enclosure and the yeoman, pp. 181-2; F. M. L. Thompson, English landed society in the nineteenth century (1963), pp. 200-4.
12. J. Farey, General view of the agriculture and minerals of Derbyshire (3 vols, 1811-7), III, pp. 633-4; Allen, Enclosure and the yeoman, pp. 181-2; F. M. L. Thompson, English landed society in the nineteenth century (1963), pp. 200-4.
13. Offer, 'Farm tenure', p. 12.
14. P. Klemperer, 'Auctions with almost common values: the "Wallet Game" and its applications', European Economic Rev. 42 (1998), pp. 757-69; id., 'Auction theory: a guide to the literature', J. Economic Surveys 13 (1999), pp. 236-7.
15. P. Klemperer, 'Auctions with almost common values: the "Wallet Game" and its applications', European Economic Rev. 42 (1998), pp. 757-69; id., 'Auction theory: a guide to the literature', J. Economic Surveys 13 (1999), pp. 236-7.
16. Offer, 'Farm tenure', pp. 10-12.
17. See, for instance, Bedfordshire and Luton Archives and Record Service (hereafter BLARS), R23/4574/1-2, letter from Mr Bennett, 18 June 1842.
18. E.g. G. E. Mingay, 'The size of farms in the eighteenth century', EcHR 14 (1962), pp. 473-7; K. Wrightson, Earthly necessities: economic lives in early modern Britain (2000), pp. 284-6.
19. E.g. G. E. Mingay, 'The size of farms in the eighteenth century', EcHR 14 (1962), pp. 473-7; K. Wrightson, Earthly necessities: economic lives in early modern Britain (2000), pp. 284-6.
20. PRO, IR/18/12734, tithe file, 1841.
21. Quote from J. Caird, English agriculture in 1850-51 (1852, repr. 1968), p. 347. See also ibid., pp. 2, 333-4; Bodleian Library, Oxford (hereafter Bodl.), MS. dd Harcourt C/266, estate survey, 1871, fos 71, 76; Buckinghamshire RO, D/DR/8/16/1, Rev. T. Townson to W. Drake, 2 May 1753; Hertfordshire Archives and Local Studies, 6/170, declaration by T. Harknett, 1851; T. Batchelor, General view of the agriculture of the county of Bedford (1808), p. 43; R. W. Dickson and W. Stevenson, General view of the agriculture of Lancashire (1815), pp. 127, 139-40; R. Lowe, General view of the agriculture of the county of Nottingham (1798), p. 16; W. Mavor, General view of the agriculture of Berkshire (1808), p. 90; W. Pitt, A general view of the agriculture of the county of Leicester (1809), pp. 31, 82-3; H. E. Strickland, A general view of the agriculture of the East Riding of Yorkshire (1812), pp. 72-3; T. W. Beastall, A north country estate: the Lumleys and Saundersons as landowners, 1600-1900 (1974), pp. 103, 133; Clay in Agrarian History V (ii), p. 213; D. R. Hainsworth and C. Walker (eds), The correspondence of Lord Fitzwilliam of Milton and Francis Guybon, his steward, 1697-1709 (Northamptonshire Rec. Soc. 36, 1990), pp. 131, 276; S. Matthews, 'The cattle plague in Cheshire, 1865-1866', Northern Hist. 38 (2001), p. 117; J. Wake and D. C. Webster (eds), The letters of Daniel Eaton to the third Earl of Cardigan, 1725-1732 (Northamptonshire Rec. Soc. 24, 1971), p. 99.
22. Quote from J. Caird, English agriculture in 1850-51 (1852, repr. 1968), p. 347. See also ibid., pp. 2, 333-4; Bodleian Library, Oxford (hereafter Bodl.), MS. dd Harcourt C/266, estate survey, 1871, fos 71, 76; Buckinghamshire RO, D/DR/8/16/1, Rev. T. Townson to W. Drake, 2 May 1753; Hertfordshire Archives and Local Studies, 6/170, declaration by T. Harknett, 1851; T. Batchelor, General view of the agriculture of the county of Bedford (1808), p. 43; R. W. Dickson and W. Stevenson, General view of the agriculture of Lancashire (1815), pp. 127, 139-40; R. Lowe, General view of the agriculture of the county of Nottingham (1798), p. 16; W. Mavor, General view of the agriculture of Berkshire (1808), p. 90; W. Pitt, A general view of the agriculture of the county of Leicester (1809), pp. 31, 82-3; H. E. Strickland, A general view of the agriculture of the East Riding of Yorkshire (1812), pp. 72-3; T. W. Beastall, A north country estate: the Lumleys and Saundersons as landowners, 1600-1900 (1974), pp. 103, 133; Clay in Agrarian History V (ii), p. 213; D. R. Hainsworth and C. Walker (eds), The correspondence of Lord Fitzwilliam of Milton and Francis Guybon, his steward, 1697-1709 (Northamptonshire Rec. Soc. 36, 1990), pp. 131, 276; S. Matthews, 'The cattle plague in Cheshire, 1865-1866', Northern Hist. 38 (2001), p. 117; J. Wake and D. C. Webster (eds), The letters of Daniel Eaton to the third Earl of Cardigan, 1725-1732 (Northamptonshire Rec. Soc. 24, 1971), p. 99.
23. Quote from J. Caird, English agriculture in 1850-51 (1852, repr. 1968), p. 347. See also ibid., pp. 2, 333-4; Bodleian Library, Oxford (hereafter Bodl.), MS. dd Harcourt C/266, estate survey, 1871, fos 71, 76; Buckinghamshire RO, D/DR/8/16/1, Rev. T. Townson to W. Drake, 2 May 1753; Hertfordshire Archives and Local Studies, 6/170, declaration by T. Harknett, 1851; T. Batchelor, General view of the agriculture of the county of Bedford (1808), p. 43; R. W. Dickson and W. Stevenson, General view of the agriculture of Lancashire (1815), pp. 127, 139-40; R. Lowe, General view of the agriculture of the county of Nottingham (1798), p. 16; W. Mavor, General view of the agriculture of Berkshire (1808), p. 90; W. Pitt, A general view of the agriculture of the county of Leicester (1809), pp. 31, 82-3; H. E. Strickland, A general view of the agriculture of the East Riding of Yorkshire (1812), pp. 72-3; T. W. Beastall, A north country estate: the Lumleys and Saundersons as landowners, 1600-1900 (1974), pp. 103, 133; Clay in Agrarian History V (ii), p. 213; D. R. Hainsworth and C. Walker (eds), The correspondence of Lord Fitzwilliam of Milton and Francis Guybon, his steward, 1697-1709 (Northamptonshire Rec. Soc. 36, 1990), pp. 131, 276; S. Matthews, 'The cattle plague in Cheshire, 1865-1866', Northern Hist. 38 (2001), p. 117; J. Wake and D. C. Webster (eds), The letters of Daniel Eaton to the third Earl of Cardigan, 1725-1732 (Northamptonshire Rec. Soc. 24, 1971), p. 99.
24. Quote from J. Caird, English agriculture in 1850-51 (1852, repr. 1968), p. 347. See also ibid., pp. 2, 333-4; Bodleian Library, Oxford (hereafter Bodl.), MS. dd Harcourt C/266, estate survey, 1871, fos 71, 76; Buckinghamshire RO, D/DR/8/16/1, Rev. T. Townson to W. Drake, 2 May 1753; Hertfordshire Archives and Local Studies, 6/170, declaration by T. Harknett, 1851; T. Batchelor, General view of the agriculture of the county of Bedford (1808), p. 43; R. W. Dickson and W. Stevenson, General view of the agriculture of Lancashire (1815), pp. 127, 139-40; R. Lowe, General view of the agriculture of the county of Nottingham (1798), p. 16; W. Mavor, General view of the agriculture of Berkshire (1808), p. 90; W. Pitt, A general view of the agriculture of the county of Leicester (1809), pp. 31, 82-3; H. E. Strickland, A general view of the agriculture of the East Riding of Yorkshire (1812), pp. 72-3; T. W. Beastall, A north country estate: the Lumleys and Saundersons as landowners, 1600-1900 (1974), pp. 103, 133; Clay in Agrarian History V (ii), p. 213; D. R. Hainsworth and C. Walker (eds), The correspondence of Lord Fitzwilliam of Milton and Francis Guybon, his steward, 1697-1709 (Northamptonshire Rec. Soc. 36, 1990), pp. 131, 276; S. Matthews, 'The cattle plague in Cheshire, 1865-1866', Northern Hist. 38 (2001), p. 117; J. Wake and D. C. Webster (eds), The letters of Daniel Eaton to the third Earl of Cardigan, 1725-1732 (Northamptonshire Rec. Soc. 24, 1971), p. 99.
25. Quote from J. Caird, English agriculture in 1850-51 (1852, repr. 1968), p. 347. See also ibid., pp. 2, 333-4; Bodleian Library, Oxford (hereafter Bodl.), MS. dd Harcourt C/266, estate survey, 1871, fos 71, 76; Buckinghamshire RO, D/DR/8/16/1, Rev. T. Townson to W. Drake, 2 May 1753; Hertfordshire Archives and Local Studies, 6/170, declaration by T. Harknett, 1851; T. Batchelor, General view of the agriculture of the county of Bedford (1808), p. 43; R. W. Dickson and W. Stevenson, General view of the agriculture of Lancashire (1815), pp. 127, 139-40; R. Lowe, General view of the agriculture of the county of Nottingham (1798), p. 16; W. Mavor, General view of the agriculture of Berkshire (1808), p. 90; W. Pitt, A general view of the agriculture of the county of Leicester (1809), pp. 31, 82-3; H. E. Strickland, A general view of the agriculture of the East Riding of Yorkshire (1812), pp. 72-3; T. W. Beastall, A north country estate: the Lumleys and Saundersons as landowners, 1600-1900 (1974), pp. 103, 133; Clay in Agrarian History V (ii), p. 213; D. R. Hainsworth and C. Walker (eds), The correspondence of Lord Fitzwilliam of Milton and Francis Guybon, his steward, 1697-1709 (Northamptonshire Rec. Soc. 36, 1990), pp. 131, 276; S. Matthews, 'The cattle plague in Cheshire, 1865-1866', Northern Hist. 38 (2001), p. 117; J. Wake and D. C. Webster (eds), The letters of Daniel Eaton to the third Earl of Cardigan, 1725-1732 (Northamptonshire Rec. Soc. 24, 1971), p. 99.
26. Quote from J. Caird, English agriculture in 1850-51 (1852, repr. 1968), p. 347. See also ibid., pp. 2, 333-4; Bodleian Library, Oxford (hereafter Bodl.), MS. dd Harcourt C/266, estate survey, 1871, fos 71, 76; Buckinghamshire RO, D/DR/8/16/1, Rev. T. Townson to W. Drake, 2 May 1753; Hertfordshire Archives and Local Studies, 6/170, declaration by T. Harknett, 1851; T. Batchelor, General view of the agriculture of the county of Bedford (1808), p. 43; R. W. Dickson and W. Stevenson, General view of the agriculture of Lancashire (1815), pp. 127, 139-40; R. Lowe, General view of the agriculture of the county of Nottingham (1798), p. 16; W. Mavor, General view of the agriculture of Berkshire (1808), p. 90; W. Pitt, A general view of the agriculture of the county of Leicester (1809), pp. 31, 82-3; H. E. Strickland, A general view of the agriculture of the East Riding of Yorkshire (1812), pp. 72-3; T. W. Beastall, A north country estate: the Lumleys and Saundersons as landowners, 1600-1900 (1974), pp. 103, 133; Clay in Agrarian History V (ii), p. 213; D. R. Hainsworth and C. Walker (eds), The correspondence of Lord Fitzwilliam of Milton and Francis Guybon, his steward, 1697-1709 (Northamptonshire Rec. Soc. 36, 1990), pp. 131, 276; S. Matthews, 'The cattle plague in Cheshire, 1865-1866', Northern Hist. 38 (2001), p. 117; J. Wake and D. C. Webster (eds), The letters of Daniel Eaton to the third Earl of Cardigan, 1725-1732 (Northamptonshire Rec. Soc. 24, 1971), p. 99.
27. Quote from J. Caird, English agriculture in 1850-51 (1852, repr. 1968), p. 347. See also ibid., pp. 2, 333-4; Bodleian Library, Oxford (hereafter Bodl.), MS. dd Harcourt C/266, estate survey, 1871, fos 71, 76; Buckinghamshire RO, D/DR/8/16/1, Rev. T. Townson to W. Drake, 2 May 1753; Hertfordshire Archives and Local Studies, 6/170, declaration by T. Harknett, 1851; T. Batchelor, General view of the agriculture of the county of Bedford (1808), p. 43; R. W. Dickson and W. Stevenson, General view of the agriculture of Lancashire (1815), pp. 127, 139-40; R. Lowe, General view of the agriculture of the county of Nottingham (1798), p. 16; W. Mavor, General view of the agriculture of Berkshire (1808), p. 90; W. Pitt, A general view of the agriculture of the county of Leicester (1809), pp. 31, 82-3; H. E. Strickland, A general view of the agriculture of the East Riding of Yorkshire (1812), pp. 72-3; T. W. Beastall, A north country estate: the Lumleys and Saundersons as landowners, 1600-1900 (1974), pp. 103, 133; Clay in Agrarian History V (ii), p. 213; D. R. Hainsworth and C. Walker (eds), The correspondence of Lord Fitzwilliam of Milton and Francis Guybon, his steward, 1697-1709 (Northamptonshire Rec. Soc. 36, 1990), pp. 131, 276; S. Matthews, 'The cattle plague in Cheshire, 1865-1866', Northern Hist. 38 (2001), p. 117; J. Wake and D. C. Webster (eds), The letters of Daniel Eaton to the third Earl of Cardigan, 1725-1732 (Northamptonshire Rec. Soc. 24, 1971), p. 99.
28. Quote from J. Caird, English agriculture in 1850-51 (1852, repr. 1968), p. 347. See also ibid., pp. 2, 333-4; Bodleian Library, Oxford (hereafter Bodl.), MS. dd Harcourt C/266, estate survey, 1871, fos 71, 76; Buckinghamshire RO, D/DR/8/16/1, Rev. T. Townson to W. Drake, 2 May 1753; Hertfordshire Archives and Local Studies, 6/170, declaration by T. Harknett, 1851; T. Batchelor, General view of the agriculture of the county of Bedford (1808), p. 43; R. W. Dickson and W. Stevenson, General view of the agriculture of Lancashire (1815), pp. 127, 139-40; R. Lowe, General view of the agriculture of the county of Nottingham (1798), p. 16; W. Mavor, General view of the agriculture of Berkshire (1808), p. 90; W. Pitt, A general view of the agriculture of the county of Leicester (1809), pp. 31, 82-3; H. E. Strickland, A general view of the agriculture of the East Riding of Yorkshire (1812), pp. 72-3; T. W. Beastall, A north country estate: the Lumleys and Saundersons as landowners, 1600-1900 (1974), pp. 103, 133; Clay in Agrarian History V (ii), p. 213; D. R. Hainsworth and C. Walker (eds), The correspondence of Lord Fitzwilliam of Milton and Francis Guybon, his steward, 1697-1709 (Northamptonshire Rec. Soc. 36, 1990), pp. 131, 276; S. Matthews, 'The cattle plague in Cheshire, 1865-1866', Northern Hist. 38 (2001), p. 117; J. Wake and D. C. Webster (eds), The letters of Daniel Eaton to the third Earl of Cardigan, 1725-1732 (Northamptonshire Rec. Soc. 24, 1971), p. 99.
29. Quote from J. Caird, English agriculture in 1850-51 (1852, repr. 1968), p. 347. See also ibid., pp. 2, 333-4; Bodleian Library, Oxford (hereafter Bodl.), MS. dd Harcourt C/266, estate survey, 1871, fos 71, 76; Buckinghamshire RO, D/DR/8/16/1, Rev. T. Townson to W. Drake, 2 May 1753; Hertfordshire Archives and Local Studies, 6/170, declaration by T. Harknett, 1851; T. Batchelor, General view of the agriculture of the county of Bedford (1808), p. 43; R. W. Dickson and W. Stevenson, General view of the agriculture of Lancashire (1815), pp. 127, 139-40; R. Lowe, General view of the agriculture of the county of Nottingham (1798), p. 16; W. Mavor, General view of the agriculture of Berkshire (1808), p. 90; W. Pitt, A general view of the agriculture of the county of Leicester (1809), pp. 31, 82-3; H. E. Strickland, A general view of the agriculture of the East Riding of Yorkshire (1812), pp. 72-3; T. W. Beastall, A north country estate: the Lumleys and Saundersons as landowners, 1600-1900 (1974), pp. 103, 133; Clay in Agrarian History V (ii), p. 213; D. R. Hainsworth and C. Walker (eds), The correspondence of Lord Fitzwilliam of Milton and Francis Guybon, his steward, 1697-1709 (Northamptonshire Rec. Soc. 36, 1990), pp. 131, 276; S. Matthews, 'The cattle plague in Cheshire, 1865-1866', Northern Hist. 38 (2001), p. 117; J. Wake and D. C. Webster (eds), The letters of Daniel Eaton to the third Earl of Cardigan, 1725-1732 (Northamptonshire Rec. Soc. 24, 1971), p. 99.
30. Quote from J. Caird, English agriculture in 1850-51 (1852, repr. 1968), p. 347. See also ibid., pp. 2, 333-4; Bodleian Library, Oxford (hereafter Bodl.), MS. dd Harcourt C/266, estate survey, 1871, fos 71, 76; Buckinghamshire RO, D/DR/8/16/1, Rev. T. Townson to W. Drake, 2 May 1753; Hertfordshire Archives and Local Studies, 6/170, declaration by T. Harknett, 1851; T. Batchelor, General view of the agriculture of the county of Bedford (1808), p. 43; R. W. Dickson and W. Stevenson, General view of the agriculture of Lancashire (1815), pp. 127, 139-40; R. Lowe, General view of the agriculture of the county of Nottingham (1798), p. 16; W. Mavor, General view of the agriculture of Berkshire (1808), p. 90; W. Pitt, A general view of the agriculture of the county of Leicester (1809), pp. 31, 82-3; H. E. Strickland, A general view of the agriculture of the East Riding of Yorkshire (1812), pp. 72-3; T. W. Beastall, A north country estate: the Lumleys and Saundersons as landowners, 1600-1900 (1974), pp. 103, 133; Clay in Agrarian History V (ii), p. 213; D. R. Hainsworth and C. Walker (eds), The correspondence of Lord Fitzwilliam of Milton and Francis Guybon, his steward, 1697-1709 (Northamptonshire Rec. Soc. 36, 1990), pp. 131, 276; S. Matthews, 'The cattle plague in Cheshire, 1865-1866', Northern Hist. 38 (2001), p. 117; J. Wake and D. C. Webster (eds), The letters of Daniel Eaton to the third Earl of Cardigan, 1725-1732 (Northamptonshire Rec. Soc. 24, 1971), p. 99.
31. Quote from J. Caird, English agriculture in 1850-51 (1852, repr. 1968), p. 347. See also ibid., pp. 2, 333-4; Bodleian Library, Oxford (hereafter Bodl.), MS. dd Harcourt C/266, estate survey, 1871, fos 71, 76; Buckinghamshire RO, D/DR/8/16/1, Rev. T. Townson to W. Drake, 2 May 1753; Hertfordshire Archives and Local Studies, 6/170, declaration by T. Harknett, 1851; T. Batchelor, General view of the agriculture of the county of Bedford (1808), p. 43; R. W. Dickson and W. Stevenson, General view of the agriculture of Lancashire (1815), pp. 127, 139-40; R. Lowe, General view of the agriculture of the county of Nottingham (1798), p. 16; W. Mavor, General view of the agriculture of Berkshire (1808), p. 90; W. Pitt, A general view of the agriculture of the county of Leicester (1809), pp. 31, 82-3; H. E. Strickland, A general view of the agriculture of the East Riding of Yorkshire (1812), pp. 72-3; T. W. Beastall, A north country estate: the Lumleys and Saundersons as landowners, 1600-1900 (1974), pp. 103, 133; Clay in Agrarian History V (ii), p. 213; D. R. Hainsworth and C. Walker (eds), The correspondence of Lord Fitzwilliam of Milton and Francis Guybon, his steward, 1697-1709 (Northamptonshire Rec. Soc. 36, 1990), pp. 131, 276; S. Matthews, 'The cattle plague in Cheshire, 1865-1866', Northern Hist. 38 (2001), p. 117; J. Wake and D. C. Webster (eds), The letters of Daniel Eaton to the third Earl of Cardigan, 1725-1732 (Northamptonshire Rec. Soc. 24, 1971), p. 99.
32. Quote from J. Caird, English agriculture in 1850-51 (1852, repr. 1968), p. 347. See also ibid., pp. 2, 333-4; Bodleian Library, Oxford (hereafter Bodl.), MS. dd Harcourt C/266, estate survey, 1871, fos 71, 76; Buckinghamshire RO, D/DR/8/16/1, Rev. T. Townson to W. Drake, 2 May 1753; Hertfordshire Archives and Local Studies, 6/170, declaration by T. Harknett, 1851; T. Batchelor, General view of the agriculture of the county of Bedford (1808), p. 43; R. W. Dickson and W. Stevenson, General view of the agriculture of Lancashire (1815), pp. 127, 139-40; R. Lowe, General view of the agriculture of the county of Nottingham (1798), p. 16; W. Mavor, General view of the agriculture of Berkshire (1808), p. 90; W. Pitt, A general view of the agriculture of the county of Leicester (1809), pp. 31, 82-3; H. E. Strickland, A general view of the agriculture of the East Riding of Yorkshire (1812), pp. 72-3; T. W. Beastall, A north country estate: the Lumleys and Saundersons as landowners, 1600-1900 (1974), pp. 103, 133; Clay in Agrarian History V (ii), p. 213; D. R. Hainsworth and C. Walker (eds), The correspondence of Lord Fitzwilliam of Milton and Francis Guybon, his steward, 1697-1709 (Northamptonshire Rec. Soc. 36, 1990), pp. 131, 276; S. Matthews, 'The cattle plague in Cheshire, 1865-1866', Northern Hist. 38 (2001), p. 117; J. Wake and D. C. Webster (eds), The letters of Daniel Eaton to the third Earl of Cardigan, 1725-1732 (Northamptonshire Rec. Soc. 24, 1971), p. 99.
33. Quote from J. Caird, English agriculture in 1850-51 (1852, repr. 1968), p. 347. See also ibid., pp. 2, 333-4; Bodleian Library, Oxford (hereafter Bodl.), MS. dd Harcourt C/266, estate survey, 1871, fos 71, 76; Buckinghamshire RO, D/DR/8/16/1, Rev. T. Townson to W. Drake, 2 May 1753; Hertfordshire Archives and Local Studies, 6/170, declaration by T. Harknett, 1851; T. Batchelor, General view of the agriculture of the county of Bedford (1808), p. 43; R. W. Dickson and W. Stevenson, General view of the agriculture of Lancashire (1815), pp. 127, 139-40; R. Lowe, General view of the agriculture of the county of Nottingham (1798), p. 16; W. Mavor, General view of the agriculture of Berkshire (1808), p. 90; W. Pitt, A general view of the agriculture of the county of Leicester (1809), pp. 31, 82-3; H. E. Strickland, A general view of the agriculture of the East Riding of Yorkshire (1812), pp. 72-3; T. W. Beastall, A north country estate: the Lumleys and Saundersons as landowners, 1600-1900 (1974), pp. 103, 133; Clay in Agrarian History V (ii), p. 213; D. R. Hainsworth and C. Walker (eds), The correspondence of Lord Fitzwilliam of Milton and Francis Guybon, his steward, 1697-1709 (Northamptonshire Rec. Soc. 36, 1990), pp. 131, 276; S. Matthews, 'The cattle plague in Cheshire, 1865-1866', Northern Hist. 38 (2001), p. 117; J. Wake and D. C. Webster (eds), The letters of Daniel Eaton to the third Earl of Cardigan, 1725-1732 (Northamptonshire Rec. Soc. 24, 1971), p. 99.
34. Quote from J. Caird, English agriculture in 1850-51 (1852, repr. 1968), p. 347. See also ibid., pp. 2, 333-4; Bodleian Library, Oxford (hereafter Bodl.), MS. dd Harcourt C/266, estate survey, 1871, fos 71, 76; Buckinghamshire RO, D/DR/8/16/1, Rev. T. Townson to W. Drake, 2 May 1753; Hertfordshire Archives and Local Studies, 6/170, declaration by T. Harknett, 1851; T. Batchelor, General view of the agriculture of the county of Bedford (1808), p. 43; R. W. Dickson and W. Stevenson, General view of the agriculture of Lancashire (1815), pp. 127, 139-40; R. Lowe, General view of the agriculture of the county of Nottingham (1798), p. 16; W. Mavor, General view of the agriculture of Berkshire (1808), p. 90; W. Pitt, A general view of the agriculture of the county of Leicester (1809), pp. 31, 82-3; H. E. Strickland, A general view of the agriculture of the East Riding of Yorkshire (1812), pp. 72-3; T. W. Beastall, A north country estate: the Lumleys and Saundersons as landowners, 1600-1900 (1974), pp. 103, 133; Clay in Agrarian History V (ii), p. 213; D. R. Hainsworth and C. Walker (eds), The correspondence of Lord Fitzwilliam of Milton and Francis Guybon, his steward, 1697-1709 (Northamptonshire Rec. Soc. 36, 1990), pp. 131, 276; S. Matthews, 'The cattle plague in Cheshire, 1865-1866', Northern Hist. 38 (2001), p. 117; J. Wake and D. C. Webster (eds), The letters of Daniel Eaton to the third Earl of Cardigan, 1725-1732 (Northamptonshire Rec. Soc. 24, 1971), p. 99.
35. Quote from J. Caird, English agriculture in 1850-51 (1852, repr. 1968), p. 347. See also ibid., pp. 2, 333-4; Bodleian Library, Oxford (hereafter Bodl.), MS. dd Harcourt C/266, estate survey, 1871, fos 71, 76; Buckinghamshire RO, D/DR/8/16/1, Rev. T. Townson to W. Drake, 2 May 1753; Hertfordshire Archives and Local Studies, 6/170, declaration by T. Harknett, 1851; T. Batchelor, General view of the agriculture of the county of Bedford (1808), p. 43; R. W. Dickson and W. Stevenson, General view of the agriculture of Lancashire (1815), pp. 127, 139-40; R. Lowe, General view of the agriculture of the county of Nottingham (1798), p. 16; W. Mavor, General view of the agriculture of Berkshire (1808), p. 90; W. Pitt, A general view of the agriculture of the county of Leicester (1809), pp. 31, 82-3; H. E. Strickland, A general view of the agriculture of the East Riding of Yorkshire (1812), pp. 72-3; T. W. Beastall, A north country estate: the Lumleys and Saundersons as landowners, 1600-1900 (1974), pp. 103, 133; Clay in Agrarian History V (ii), p. 213; D. R. Hainsworth and C. Walker (eds), The correspondence of Lord Fitzwilliam of Milton and Francis Guybon, his steward, 1697-1709 (Northamptonshire Rec. Soc. 36, 1990), pp. 131, 276; S. Matthews, 'The cattle plague in Cheshire, 1865-1866', Northern Hist. 38 (2001), p. 117; J. Wake and D. C. Webster (eds), The letters of Daniel Eaton to the third Earl of Cardigan, 1725-1732 (Northamptonshire Rec. Soc. 24, 1971), p. 99.
36. Quote from J. Caird, English agriculture in 1850-51 (1852, repr. 1968), p. 347. See also ibid., pp. 2, 333-4; Bodleian Library, Oxford (hereafter Bodl.), MS. dd Harcourt C/266, estate survey, 1871, fos 71, 76; Buckinghamshire RO, D/DR/8/16/1, Rev. T. Townson to W. Drake, 2 May 1753; Hertfordshire Archives and Local Studies, 6/170, declaration by T. Harknett, 1851; T. Batchelor, General view of the agriculture of the county of Bedford (1808), p. 43; R. W. Dickson and W. Stevenson, General view of the agriculture of Lancashire (1815), pp. 127, 139-40; R. Lowe, General view of the agriculture of the county of Nottingham (1798), p. 16; W. Mavor, General view of the agriculture of Berkshire (1808), p. 90; W. Pitt, A general view of the agriculture of the county of Leicester (1809), pp. 31, 82-3; H. E. Strickland, A general view of the agriculture of the East Riding of Yorkshire (1812), pp. 72-3; T. W. Beastall, A north country estate: the Lumleys and Saundersons as landowners, 1600-1900 (1974), pp. 103, 133; Clay in Agrarian History V (ii), p. 213; D. R. Hainsworth and C. Walker (eds), The correspondence of Lord Fitzwilliam of Milton and Francis Guybon, his steward, 1697-1709 (Northamptonshire Rec. Soc. 36, 1990), pp. 131, 276; S. Matthews, 'The cattle plague in Cheshire, 1865-1866', Northern Hist. 38 (2001), p. 117; J. Wake and D. C. Webster (eds), The letters of Daniel Eaton to the third Earl of Cardigan, 1725-1732 (Northamptonshire Rec. Soc. 24, 1971), p. 99.
37. Christ Church Archives Oxford, MS Estates 72, fos 286-7, letter from J. Stratton, 6 Jan. 1852; Caird, English agriculture, pp. 131-2; J. Middleton, View of the agriculture of Middlesex (1798), p. 51; J. E. Crowther and P. A. Crowther (eds), The diary of Robert Sharp of South Cave: life in a Yorkshire village, 1812-1837 (British Academy Records of Social and Economic History, new ser. 26, 1997), pp. 107, 206; Wake and Webster (eds), Eaton letters, pp. 93, 101, 103, 126.
38. Christ Church Archives Oxford, MS Estates 72, fos 286-7, letter from J. Stratton, 6 Jan. 1852; Caird, English agriculture, pp. 131-2; J. Middleton, View of the agriculture of Middlesex (1798), p. 51; J. E. Crowther and P. A. Crowther (eds), The diary of Robert Sharp of South Cave: life in a Yorkshire village, 1812-1837 (British Academy Records of Social and Economic History, new ser. 26, 1997), pp. 107, 206; Wake and Webster (eds), Eaton letters, pp. 93, 101, 103, 126.
39. Christ Church Archives Oxford, MS Estates 72, fos 286-7, letter from J. Stratton, 6 Jan. 1852; Caird, English agriculture, pp. 131-2; J. Middleton, View of the agriculture of Middlesex (1798), p. 51; J. E. Crowther and P. A. Crowther (eds), The diary of Robert Sharp of South Cave: life in a Yorkshire village, 1812-1837 (British Academy Records of Social and Economic History, new ser. 26, 1997), pp. 107, 206; Wake and Webster (eds), Eaton letters, pp. 93, 101, 103, 126.
40. Christ Church Archives Oxford, MS Estates 72, fos 286-7, letter from J. Stratton, 6 Jan. 1852; Caird, English agriculture, pp. 131-2; J. Middleton, View of the agriculture of Middlesex (1798), p. 51; J. E. Crowther and P. A. Crowther (eds), The diary of Robert Sharp of South Cave: life in a Yorkshire village, 1812-1837 (British Academy Records of Social and Economic History, new ser. 26, 1997), pp. 107, 206; Wake and Webster (eds), Eaton letters, pp. 93, 101, 103, 126.
41. Christ Church Archives Oxford, MS Estates 72, fos 286-7, letter from J. Stratton, 6 Jan. 1852; Caird, English agriculture, pp. 131-2; J. Middleton, View of the agriculture of Middlesex (1798), p. 51; J. E. Crowther and P. A. Crowther (eds), The diary of Robert Sharp of South Cave: life in a Yorkshire village, 1812-1837 (British Academy Records of Social and Economic History, new ser. 26, 1997), pp. 107, 206; Wake and Webster (eds), Eaton letters, pp. 93, 101, 103, 126.
42. For an overview of these periods, see M. E. Turner, J. V. Beckett and B. Afton, Agricultural rent in England, 1690-1914 (1997), ch. 11.
43. See J. M. Neeson, Commoners: common right, enclosure and social change in England, 1700-1820 (1996), chs 7-8, and the studies cited in nn. 23-4 below.
44. Beastall, North country estate, p. 170.
45. Compare Turner et al, Agricultural rent, pp. 77-9.
46. F. M. L. Thompson, 'Agriculture since 1870', in VCH Wiltshire, IV (1959), p. 94, table 2; id., Landed society, pp. 202-3; S. Farrant, 'The management of four estates in the lower Ouse valley (Sussex) and agricultural change, 1840-1920', Southern Hist, 1 (1979), pp. 161-4.
47. F. M. L. Thompson, 'Agriculture since 1870', in VCH Wiltshire, IV (1959), p. 94, table 2; id., Landed society, pp. 202-3; S. Farrant, 'The management of four estates in the lower Ouse valley (Sussex) and agricultural change, 1840-1920', Southern Hist, 1 (1979), pp. 161-4.
48. F. M. L. Thompson, 'Agriculture since 1870', in VCH Wiltshire, IV (1959), p. 94, table 2; id., Landed society, pp. 202-3; S. Farrant, 'The management of four estates in the lower Ouse valley (Sussex) and agricultural change, 1840-1920', Southern Hist, 1 (1979), pp. 161-4.
49. Calculations from R. V. Saville, 'Gentry wealth on the Weald in the eighteenth century: the Fullers of Brightling Park', Sussex Arch. Coll. 121 (1983), pp. 132-6. No rent data was available for two farms.
50. B. Short, 'The turnover of tenants on the Ashburnham estate, 1830-1850', Sussex Arch. Coll. 113 (1976), pp. 157-74; Select Committee reports on the state of agriculture, BPP, 1833, V, pp. 608-17; 1836, VIII (i), pp. 140-56; 1837, V, pp. 176-81.
51. B. Short, 'The turnover of tenants on the Ashburnham estate, 1830-1850', Sussex Arch. Coll. 113 (1976), pp. 157-74; Select Committee reports on the state of agriculture, BPP, 1833, V, pp. 608-17; 1836, VIII (i), pp. 140-56; 1837, V, pp. 176-81.
52. B. Short, 'The turnover of tenants on the Ashburnham estate, 1830-1850', Sussex Arch. Coll. 113 (1976), pp. 157-74; Select Committee reports on the state of agriculture, BPP, 1833, V, pp. 608-17; 1836, VIII (i), pp. 140-56; 1837, V, pp. 176-81.
53. B. Short, 'The turnover of tenants on the Ashburnham estate, 1830-1850', Sussex Arch. Coll. 113 (1976), pp. 157-74; Select Committee reports on the state of agriculture, BPP, 1833, V, pp. 608-17; 1836, VIII (i), pp. 140-56; 1837, V, pp. 176-81.
54. Calculated using data from Short, 'Turnover', table 2, appendix.
55. R. A. C. Parker, Coke of Norfolk: a financial and agricultural study, 1707-1842 (1975), ch. 10; S. Wade Martins, A great estate at work. The Holkham estate and its inhabitants in the nineteenth century (1980), pp. 85-92, 112.
56. R. A. C. Parker, Coke of Norfolk: a financial and agricultural study, 1707-1842 (1975), ch. 10; S. Wade Martins, A great estate at work. The Holkham estate and its inhabitants in the nineteenth century (1980), pp. 85-92, 112.
57. Beastall, North country estate, pp. 41, 94-5, 100, 104, 128, 178.
58. Compare D. E. Ginter, A measure of wealth: the English land tax in historical analysis (1992); Neeson, Commoners, p. 228, app. A-B; L. Shaw-Taylor, 'Parliamentary enclosure and the emergence of an English agricultural proletariat', JEcH 61 (2001), pp. 643-4; M. E. Turner, 'Common property and property in common', AgHR 42 (1994), p. 162.
59. Compare D. E. Ginter, A measure of wealth: the English land tax in historical analysis (1992); Neeson, Commoners, p. 228, app. A-B; L. Shaw-Taylor, 'Parliamentary enclosure and the emergence of an English agricultural proletariat', JEcH 61 (2001), pp. 643-4; M. E. Turner, 'Common property and property in common', AgHR 42 (1994), p. 162.
60. Compare D. E. Ginter, A measure of wealth: the English land tax in historical analysis (1992); Neeson, Commoners, p. 228, app. A-B; L. Shaw-Taylor, 'Parliamentary enclosure and the emergence of an English agricultural proletariat', JEcH 61 (2001), pp. 643-4; M. E. Turner, 'Common property and property in common', AgHR 42 (1994), p. 162.
61. Compare D. E. Ginter, A measure of wealth: the English land tax in historical analysis (1992); Neeson, Commoners, p. 228, app. A-B; L. Shaw-Taylor, 'Parliamentary enclosure and the emergence of an English agricultural proletariat', JEcH 61 (2001), pp. 643-4; M. E. Turner, 'Common property and property in common', AgHR 42 (1994), p. 162.
62. J. R. Walton, 'The residential mobility of farmers and its relationship to the parliamentary enclosure movement in Oxfordshire', in A. D. M. Phillips and B. J. Turton (eds), Environment, man and economic change (1975), pp. 238-52; J. Broad, 'The fate of the Midland yeoman: tenants, copyholders, and freeholders as farmers in north Buckinghamshire, 1620-1800', Continuity and Change 14 (1999), pp. 327-31.
63. J. R. Walton, 'The residential mobility of farmers and its relationship to the parliamentary enclosure movement in Oxfordshire', in A. D. M. Phillips and B. J. Turton (eds), Environment, man and economic change (1975), pp. 238-52; J. Broad, 'The fate of the Midland yeoman: tenants, copyholders, and freeholders as farmers in north Buckinghamshire, 1620-1800', Continuity and Change 14 (1999), pp. 327-31.
64. M. E. Turner, 'Parliamentary enclosure and landownership change in Buckinghamshire', EcHR 28 (1975), p. 569; also J. D. Chambers, 'Enclosure and the small landowner', EcHR [first ser.] 10 (1940), pp. 126-7 and J. M. Martin, 'The small landowner and parliamentary enclosure in Warwickshire', EcHR 32 (1979), table 8, p. 343.
65. M. E. Turner, 'Parliamentary enclosure and landownership change in Buckinghamshire', EcHR 28 (1975), p. 569; also J. D. Chambers, 'Enclosure and the small landowner', EcHR [first ser.] 10 (1940), pp. 126-7 and J. M. Martin, 'The small landowner and parliamentary enclosure in Warwickshire', EcHR 32 (1979), table 8, p. 343.
66. M. E. Turner, 'Parliamentary enclosure and landownership change in Buckinghamshire', EcHR 28 (1975), p. 569; also J. D. Chambers, 'Enclosure and the small landowner', EcHR [first ser.] 10 (1940), pp. 126-7 and J. M. Martin, 'The small landowner and parliamentary enclosure in Warwickshire', EcHR 32 (1979), table 8, p. 343.
67. Broad, 'Midland yeoman', pp. 332-4.
68. Davidoff and Hall, Family fortunes, pp. 254, 287-9; I. Pinchbeck, Women workers and the industrial revolution, 1750-1850 (1930, repr. 1969), chs 1-2.
69. Davidoff and Hall, Family fortunes, pp. 254, 287-9; I. Pinchbeck, Women workers and the industrial revolution, 1750-1850 (1930, repr. 1969), chs 1-2.
70. Bodl., MS. dd Harcourt 6/37, estate particulars, 1814; C/267, C/270-7, tenancy agreements, various years.
71. Quote from Davidoff and Hall, Family fortunes, p. 253.
72. The sample comprised of Robert Bakewell, John Booth, Richard Booth, Thomas Booth, John Ellman, Richard Ellman, John Loudon, John Morton, Clare Read, William Torr, Jethro Tull and Arthur Young.
73. See M. Overton, Agricultural revolution in England. The transformation of the agrarian economy, 1500-1850 (1996), tables 4.10-4.13. In two cases the size rule was broken because a lengthy time-series could be easily transcribed. Six of the rentals series were used by Turner et al, Agricultural rent, app. 1.
74. See M. Overton, Agricultural revolution in England. The transformation of the agrarian economy, 1500-1850 (1996), tables 4.10-4.13. In two cases the size rule was broken because a lengthy time-series could be easily transcribed. Six of the rentals series were used by Turner et al, Agricultural rent, app. 1.
75. One observation is one year (new style to Lady Day) on one farm.
76. e.g. the c. 146-acres estimated for the south Midlands in c. 1800. Allen, Enclosure and the yeoman, table 4.4.
77. = (118-73)/118.
78. A twelve-year rack rent lease determinable every three years was treated as a three-year lease, and so forth.
79. Mean individual terms: 16, 15 and 16 years on small, open and institutionally owned farms respectively. Mean family terms: 37, 32 and 50 years respectively.
80. Mean individual terms: 19, 14 and 16 years in the 1697-1719, 1790-1815 and post-1815 groups respectively. Mean family terms: 45, 24 and 20 years respectively.
81. The mean lease length of the 1697-1719 group was 8 years (14 observations), falling to 3 years for the 1790-1815 group (26 observations). Only one lease was found for the post-1815 group. The small number of observations also precludes consideration of changes in the importance of widows over time, the hypothesis being that their role declined due to the alleged rise of 'separate spheres'.
82. BLARS, BS/1481/1-4, notices to quit, Aug. 1817; BS/1486-92, estate survey and rentals, 1807-25; WY/279, sale particulars, 1824.
83. Pitt, General view, Leicester, p. 343.
84. Beckett in Agrarian History, VI, pp. 546-64, and Turner et al, Agricultural rent, pp. 170-2, 214-5, provide overviews of the land market.
85. Beckett in Agrarian History, VI, pp. 546-64, and Turner et al, Agricultural rent, pp. 170-2, 214-5, provide overviews of the land market.
86. Farms classified using J. Burke, A genealogical and heraldic history of the landed gentry of Great Britain and Ireland (London, 1837-8); id., A general and heraldic dictionary of the peerage and baronetage of the United Kingdom (London, sixth edn, 1840); VCH, various vols. No information was found for two farms; the five institutional owners were excluded.
87. Farms classified using J. Burke, A genealogical and heraldic history of the landed gentry of Great Britain and Ireland (London, 1837-8); id., A general and heraldic dictionary of the peerage and baronetage of the United Kingdom (London, sixth edn, 1840); VCH, various vols. No information was found for two farms; the five institutional owners were excluded.
88. M. Havinden, Estate villages revisited: a second, updated edition of a study of the Oxfordshire (formerly Berkshire) villages of Ardington and Lockinge (1999), pp. 37-43, app. 1.
89. Owner given in parenthesis: all years are new style to Lady Day.