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A comprehensive survey of the Arabidopsis genome for genes encoding proteins that are related to the plastid phosphate translocator family. A surprising array of pseudogenes and gene fragments related to phosphate translocator genes were found. In addition, the authors provide a phylogenetic analysis of phosphate translocators from plants and related proteins from other organisms.
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A comprehensive study of an Arabidopsis T-DNA insertion mutant that is deficient in the triose phosphate/phosphate translocator TPT. The authors demonstrate that a block in the day path for carbon export from plastids can be bypassed by activating the night path for carbon export during the day.
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••], the authors describe the functional characterization, knockout phenotypes and a careful expression analysis of both PPT genes in the Arabidopsis genome. They provide evidence in support of the hypothesis that the aberrant mesophyll cell development of the PPT1 mutant cue1 is caused by the absence of a root-synthesized metabolic signal that is required for correct mesophyll cell development, rather than by a simple restriction in the shikimic acid pathway.
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Transcript profiling and the frequency of expressed sequence tag (EST) expression over the course of seed development in Arabidopsis was used to predict possible pathways of carbon metabolism during seed filling. An interesting finding was that the transcript for GPT decreases during the period of most active oil accumulation, whereas PPT transcripts and enzymes involved in PEP metabolism increase massively during this period.
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The most recent addition to the plastidial phosphate translocator family is found to catalyze the counter-exchange of Xul 5-P with Pi and triose-phosphates. This transporter allows the exchange of pentose-phosphate pathway intermediates between the cytosol and plastids, and thereby connects the pentose-phosphate pathways in both compartments. In addition, it allows the generation of reducing equivalents from Xul 5-P by the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway in plastids that do not possess a Glc 6-P translocator.
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Using silicon oil filtration and centrifugation, the authors analyzed the products exported from starch-laden chloroplasts from bean leaves in the dark. The sub-cellular distribution of maltose in the leaves was determined by non-aqueous fractionation, and the authors demonstrated that the occurrence of maltose in leaves correlates with the presence of starch and with starch turnover.
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The map-based cloning of the defective gene in a maltose-accumulating Arabidopsis starch-excess mutant identified a novel type of maltose transporter that is not related to other sugar transporters. The severe phenotype of the mutant underlines the importance of maltose metabolism in plants.
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