Patient education and treatment strategies implemented at a pharmacist-managed hepatitis C virus clinic

Pharmacotherapy

Volumn 25, Issue 9, 2005, Pages 1230-1241

  Kolor, Bonnie ^a  

^a VA LONG BEACH HEALTHCARE SYSTEM   (United States)

Author keywords

Hepatitis C; Interferon alfa; Peginterferon alfa; Ribavirin

Indexed keywords

ANTIHISTAMINIC AGENT; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; PARACETAMOL; PEGINTERFERON ALPHA2A; PEGINTERFERON ALPHA2B; RECOMBINANT ERYTHROPOIETIN; RIBAVIRIN; SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITOR; STEROID; VIRUS RNA;

ALOPECIA; ARTHRALGIA; BONE MARROW SUPPRESSION; CLINICAL PROTOCOL; CLINICAL TRIAL; COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; DEPRESSION; DERMATITIS; DIARRHEA; DRUG CONTRAINDICATION; DRUG DEPENDENCE; FATIGUE; FEVER; HEADACHE; HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA; HEPATITIS C; HEPATITIS C VIRUS; HUMAN; INSOMNIA; IRRITABILITY; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; LIVER FAILURE; LIVER FIBROSIS; MYALGIA; NAUSEA; NEUTROPENIA; OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENT; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; PATIENT EDUCATION; PHARMACIST; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PRURITUS; QUALITY OF LIFE; REVIEW; SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; UNITED STATES; VIRUS STRAIN;

AMBULATORY CARE FACILITIES; ANTIVIRAL AGENTS; DRUG THERAPY, COMBINATION; HEPATITIS C, CHRONIC; HUMANS; INJECTIONS, SUBCUTANEOUS; INTERFERON ALFA-2A; INTERFERON ALFA-2B; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; PATIENT EDUCATION; PHARMACY SERVICE, HOSPITAL; POLYETHYLENE GLYCOLS; PROFESSIONAL ROLE; RIBAVIRIN;

EID: 24144456553     PISSN: 02770008     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1592/phco.2005.25.9.1230     Document Type: Review

References (72)

1. Szabo E, Lotz G, Páska C, Kiss A, Schaff Z. Viral hepatitis: new data on hepatitis C infection. Pathol Oncol Res 2003;9:215-21.
2. Alter M, Kruszon-Moran D, Nainan O, et al. The prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in the United States, 1988 through 1994. N Engl J Med 1999;341:556-62.
3. National Hepatitis C Program Office. VA hepatitis C prevalence study results and VA hepatitis C program actions: summary. Available from http://hepatitis.va.gov/vahep?page= tp01-01-01-03. Accessed November 3, 2004.
4. Pockros PJ. Developments in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2002;11:515-28.
5. Hoofnagle JH. Hepatitis C: the clinical spectrum of disease. Hepatology 1997;26(suppl 1):15S-20.
6. National Institutes of Health. Consensus development program and the state-of-the-science conferences. Management of hepatitis C. Washington, DC: National Institutes of Health, 2002;1-46.
7. Strader DB, Wright T, Thomas DL, Seeff L. ASSLD practice guideline: diagnosis, management, and treatment of hepatitis C. Hepatology 2004;39:1147-71.
8. Poynard T, Bedossa P, Opolon P, for the OBSVIRC, METAVIR, CLINIVIR, and DOSVIRC Groups. Natural history of liver fibrosis progression in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Lancet 1997;349:825-32.
9. Lecube A, Hernandez C, Genesca J, Esteban JI, Jardi R, Simo R. High prevalence of glucose abnormalities in patients with hepatitis C virus infection: a multivariate analysis considering the liver injury. Diabetes Care 2004;27:1171-5.
10. Maeno T, Okumura A, Ishikawa T, et al. Mechanisms of increased insulin resistance in non-cirrhotic patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2003;18:1358-63.
11. Alter MJ. Epidemiology of hepatitis C. Hepatology 1997;26:62S-5.
12. Ryder SD, Irving WL, Jones DA, Neal KR, Underwood JC, for the Trent Hepatitis C Study Group. Progression of hepatic fibrosis in patients with hepatitis C: a prospective repeat liver biopsy study. Gut 2004;53:451-5.
13. Sullivan SD, Craxi A, Alberti A, et al. Cost effectiveness of peginterferon α-2a plus ribavirin versus interferon α-2b plus ribavirin as initial therapy for treatment-naive chronic hepatitis C. Pharmacoeconomics 2004;22:257-65.
14. Siebert U, Sroczynski G, Rossol S, et al, for the German Hepatitic C Model (GEHMO) Group and the International Hepatitis Interventional Therapy (HIT) Group. Cost effectiveness of peginterferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin versus interferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin for initial treatment of chronic hepatitis C. Gut 2003;52:425-32.
15. Schering Corporation. PEG-Intron (peginterferon alfa-2b) powder for injection package insert. Kenilworth, NJ; 2003.
16. Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. Pegasys (peginterferon alfa-2a) package insert. Nutley NJ; 2003.
17. Roche Laboratories Inc. Copegus (ribavirin, USP) tablets package insert. Nutley, NJ; 2004.
18. Torriani F, Rodriguez-Torres M, Rockstroh JK, et al, for the APRICOT Study Group. Peginterferon alfa-2a plus ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C virus infection in HIV-infected patients. N Engl J Med 2004;351:438-50.
19. McHutchison J, Manns M, Patel K, et al, for the International Hepatitis Interventional Therapy Group. Adherence to combination therapy enhances sustained response in genotype-1-infected patients with chronic hepatitis C. Gastroenterology 2002;123:1061-9.
20. Geber J, Parra D, Beckey NP, Korman L. Optimizing drug therapy in patients with cardiovascular disease: the impact of pharmacist-managed pharmacotherapy clinics in a primary care setting. Pharmacotherapy 2002;22:738-47.
21. Snella KA, Sachdev GP. A primer for developing pharmacist-managed clinics in the outpatient setting. Pharmacotherapy 2003;23:1153-66.
22. Shane-McWhorter L, Fermo JD, Bultemeier NC, Oderda GM. National survey of pharmacist certified diabetes educators. Pharmacotherapy 2002;22:1579-93.
23. Borenstein JE, Graber G, Saltiel E, et al. Physician-pharmacist comanagement of hypertension: a randomized, comparative trial. Pharmacotherapy 2003;23:209-16.
24. Bungay KM, Adler DA, Rogers WH, et al. Description of a clinical pharmacist intervention administered to primary care patients with depression. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2004;26: 210-28.
25. Reilly V, Cavanagh M. The clinical and economic impact of a secondary heart disease prevention clinic jointly implemented by a practice nurse and pharmacist. Pharm World Sci 2003;25:294-8.
26. Lodwick AD, Sajbel TA. Patient and physician satisfaction with a pharmacist-managed anticoagulation clinic: implications for managed care organizations. Managed Care 2000;9:47-50.
27. Yanchick JK. Implementation of a drug therapy monitoring clinic in a primary-care setting. Am J Health-Syst Pharm 2000;57(suppl 4):S30-4.
28. Till LT, Voris JC, Horst JB. Assessment of clinical pharmacist management of lipid-lowering therapy in a primary care setting. J Manag Care Pharm 2003;9:269-73.
29. Fung HB, Stone EA, Bräu N. Hepatitis C pharmacotherapy clinic [letter]. Am J Health-Syst Pharm 2002;59:876.
30. Hammond RW, Schwartz AH, Campbell MJ, et al. Collaborative drug therapy management by pharmacists - 2003. Pharmacotherapy 2003;23:1210-25.
31. Bozovich M, Rubino CM, Edmunds J. Effect of a clinical pharmacist-managed lipid clinic on achieving national cholesterol education program low-density lipoprotein goals. Pharmacotherapy 2000;20:1375-83.
32. Dolder NM, Wilhardt MS, Morreale AP. Justifying a multidisciplinary high-intensity hepatitis C clinic by using decision analysis. Am J Health-Syst Pharm 2002;59:867-71.
33. McHutchison J, Gordon S, Schiff E, et al, for the Hepatitis Interventional Therapy Group. Interferon alfa-2b alone or in combination with ribavirin as initial treatment for chronic hepatitis C. N Engl J Med 1998;339:1485-92.
34. Herrine SK. Approach to the patient with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Ann Intern Med 2002;136:747-57.
35. Regev A, Berho M, Jeffers LJ, et al. Sampling error and intraobserver variation in liver biopsy in patients with chronic HCV infection. Am J Gastroenterol 2002;97:2614-18.
36. Fontaine H, Nalpas B, Poulet B, et al. Hepatitis activity index is a key factor in determining the natural history of chronic hepatitis C. Hum Pathol 2001;32:904-9.
37. Ahmed A, Keeffe EB. Chronic hepatitis C with normal aminotransferase levels. Gastroenterology 2004;126:1409-15.
38. Tran TT, Martin P. Chronic hepatitis C. Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol 2001;4:503-10.
39. Davis GL. Monitoring of viral levels during therapy of hepatitis C. Hepatology 2002;36:S145-51.
40. Luxon BA, Grace M, Brassard D, Bordens R. Pegylated interferons for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C infection. Clin Ther 2002;24:1363-83.
41. Perry CM, Jarvis B. Peginterferon-α-2a (40kD): a review of its use in the management of chronic hepatitis C. Drugs 2001;61:2263-88.
42. Roberts MJ, Bentley MD, Harris JM. Chemistry for peptide and protein PEGylation. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2002;54:459-76.
43. Bailon P, Palleroni A, Schaffer CA, et al. Rational design of a potent, long-lasting form of interferon: a 40 kDa branched polyethylene glycol-conjugated interferon α-2a for the treatment of hepatitis C. Bioconjug Chem 2001;12:195-202.
44. Wang Y-S, Youngster S, Bausch J, Zhang R, McNemar C, Wyss DF. Identification of the major positional isomer of pegylated interferon alfa-2b. Biochemistry 2000;39:10634-40.
45. Glue P, Fang J, Rouzier-Panis R, et al, and the Hepatitis C Intervention Therapy Group. Pegylated interferon-α2b: pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety, and preliminary efficacy data. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2000;68:556-67.
46. Keating G, Curran M. Peginterferon-α-2a (40kD) plus ribavirin: a review of its use in the management of chronic hepatitis C. Drugs 2003;63:701-30.
47. Holford N, Benet L. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics: dose selection and the time course of drug action. In: Katzung BG, ed. Basic and clinical pharmacology, 7th ed. Stamford, CT: Appleton & Lange: 1998:34-5.
48. Wang C, Pflugheber J, Sumpter R Jr, et al. Alfa interferon induces distinct translational control programs to suppress hepatitis C virus RNA replication. J Virol 2003;77:3898-912.
49. Formann E, Jessner W, Bennett L, Ferenci P. Twice-weekly administration of peginterferon-α-2b improves viral kinetics in patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 1. J Viral Hepat 2003;10:271-6.
50. Jessner W, Stauber R, Hackl F, et al. Early viral kinetics on treatment with pegylated interferon-α2a in chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection. J Viral Hepat 2003;10:37-42.
51. Pawlotsky J-M, Dahari H, Neumann AU, et al. Antiviral action of ribavirin in chronic hepatitis C. Gastroenterology 2004;126:703-14.
52. Lau JYN, Tam RC, Liang TJ, Hong Z. Mechanism of action of ribavirin in the combination treatment of chronic HCV infection. Hepatology 2002;35:1002-9.
53. Fang SH, Hwang LH, Chen DS, Chiang BL. Ribavirin enhancement of hepatitis C virus core antigen-specific type 1 T helper cell response correlates with the increased IL-12 level. J Hepatol 2000;33:791-8.
54. Manns M, McHutchison J, Gordon S, et al, and the International Hepatitis Interventional Therapy Group. Peginterferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin compared with interferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin for initial treatment of chronic hepatitis C: a randomised trial. Lancet 2001;358:958-65.
55. Hadziyannis SJ, Sette H Jr, Morgan TR, et al, for the PEGASYS International Study Group. Peginterferon-α2a and ribavirin combination therapy in chronic hepatitis C: a randomized study of treatment duration and ribavirin dose. Ann Intern Med 2004;140:346-55.
56. Fried M, Shiffman M, Reddy K, et al. Peginterferon alfa-2a plus ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C virus infection. N Engl J Med 2002;347:975-82.
57. Zeuzem S, Hultcrantz R, Bourliere M, et al. Peginterferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin for treatment of chronic hepatitis C in previously untreated patients infected with HCV genotypes 2 or 3. J Hepatol 2004;40:993-9.
58. Jeffers LJ, Cassidy W, Howell CD, Hu S, Reddy KR. Peginterferon alfa-2a (40 kd) and ribavirin for black American patients with chronic HCV genotype 1. Hepatology 2004;39:1072-8.
59. Muir AJ, Bornstein JD, Killenberg PG, for the Atlantic Coast Hepatitis Treatment Group. Peginterferon alfa-2b and ribavirin for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C in blacks and non-Hispanic whites. N Engl J Med 2004;350:2265-71.
60. Bressler BL, Guindi M, Tomlinson G, Heathcote J. High body mass index is an independent risk factor for nonresponse to antiviral treatment in chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 2003;38:639-44.
61. Pawlotsky J-M. Treating hepatitis C in "difficult-to-treat" patients. N Engl J Med 2004;351:422-3.
62. Bizollon T, Ahmed S, Radenne S, et al. Long term histological improvement and clearance of intrahepatic hepatitis C virus RNA following sustained response to interferon-ribavirin combination therapy in liver transplanted patients with hepatitis C virus recurrence. Gut 2003;52:283-7.
63. Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. Medication guide Pegasys® (peginterferon alfa-2a). Nutley, NJ; 2003.
64. Schering Corporation. PEG-Intron Redipen single-dose delivery system (peginterferon alfa-2b) package insert. Kenilworth, NJ; 2003.
65. Fried MW. Side effects of therapy of hepatitis C and their management. Hepatology 2002;36:S237-44.
66. Geahigan T, Reindollar R. Managing side effects: general side effects. In: Care and counsel: helping patients stay the course on treatment for hepatitis C. Available from http://160.79.100. 155/1570_Monograph.pdf. Accessed June 11, 2004.
67. Kraus MR, Schäfer A, Faller H, Csef H, Scheurlen M. Paroxetine for the treatment of interferon-α-induced depression in chronic hepatitis C. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2002;16: 1091-9.
68. Afdhal NH, Dieterich DT, Pockros PJ, et al, for the Proactive Study Group. Epoetin alfa maintains ribavirin dose in HCV-infected patients: a prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled study. Gastroenterology 2004;126:1302-11.
69. Shiffman M, Di Bisceglie AM, Lindsay KL, et al, and the HALT-C Trial Group. Peginterferon alfa-2a and ribavirin in patients with chronic hepatitis C who have failed prior treatment. Gastroenterology 2004;126:1015-23.
70. Pockros PJ, Carithers R, Desmond P, et al, for the PEGASYS International Study Group. Efficacy and safety of two-dose regimens of peginterferon alfa-2a compared with interferon alfa-2a in chronic hepatitis C: a multicenter, randomized controlled trial. Am J Gastroenterol 2004;99:1298-305.
71. Heathcote EJ, Shiffman ML, Cooksley WGE, et al. Peginterferon alfa-2a in patients with chronic hepatitis C and cirrhosis. N Engl J Med 2000;343:1673-80.
72. Poynard T, McHutchison J, Manns M, et al. Impact of pegylated interferon alfa-2b and ribavirin on liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Gastroenterology 2002;122:1303-13.