Homosexuality in TV situation comedies: Characters and verbal comments

Journal of Homosexuality

Volumn 49, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 35-45

  Fouts, Gregory ^a,c   Inch, Rebecca ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA   (Canada)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Audience exposure; Content analysis; Homophobia; Homosexuality; Modeling; Sexual orientation; Situation comedies; Stereotypes; Television

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; ARTICLE; CHILD; DEMOGRAPHY; FEMALE; GROUP PSYCHOLOGY; HETEROSEXUALITY; HOMOSEXUALITY; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MODEL; PREVALENCE; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; SEXUAL ORIENTATION; STEREOTYPY; TELECOMMUNICATION; VERBAL COMMUNICATION;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; CHILD; FEMALE; HOMOSEXUALITY; HUMANS; MALE; TELEVISION; WIT AND HUMOR;

EID: 23944474043     PISSN: 00918369     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1300/J082v49n01_02     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Alwood, E. (1996). Straight news: Gays, lesbians and the news media. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
2. Badgett, L., Donnelly, C., & Kihbe, J. (1992). Pervasive patterns of discrimination against lesbian and gay men: Evidence from surveys across the United States. Washington, DC: National Gay and Lesbian Task Force.
3. Bagley, C., & Tremblay, P. (1998). On the prevalence of homosexuality and bisexuality in a random community survey of 750 men aged 19 to 27. Journal of Homosexuality. 36 (2), 1-18.
4. Baker, J. G., & Fishbein, H. D. (1998). The development of prejudice towards gays and lesbians by adolescents. Journal of Homosexuality, 36 (1), 89-100.
5. Berry, G. L., & Asamen, J. K. (Eds.). (1993). Children and television: Images in a changing sociocultural world. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
6. Blair, H. A., & Sanford, K. (1999). TV and zines: Media and the construction of gender for early adolescents. Alberta Journal of Educational Research. 45 (1), 103-105.
7. Brookey, R. A. (1996). A community like Philadelphia. Western Journal of Communication, 60 (1), 40-56.
8. Bruni, F. (1999). Culture stays screen-shy of showing the gay kiss. In L. Gross & J. Woods (Eds.), The Columbia reader an lesbians and gay men in media, society, and politics (pp. 327-329). New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
9. Bryant, J., & Zillmann, D. (1986). Perspectives on media effects. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
10. Capsuto, S. (2000). The uncensored story of gay and lesbian images on radio and television. New York, NY: Ballantine Books.
11. Chapman, A. J. (1976). Social aspects of humorous laughter. In A. J. Chapman & H. C. Hoot (Eds.), Humour and laughter: Theory, research and applications. London, UK: Wiley.
12. Dempsey, C. L. (1994). Health and social issues of gay, lesbian, and bisexual adolescents. Families in Society, 75 (3), 160-167.
13. Dow, B. J. (2001). Ellen, television, and the politics of gay and lesbian visibility. Critical Studies in Media Communication, 18 (2), 123-140.
14. Fejes, F., & Petrich, K. (1993). Invisibility, homophobia, and heterosexism: Lesbians, gays, and the media. Critical Studies in Mass Communication, 10, 396-422.
15. Fouts, G. T., & Burggraf, K. K. (1999). Television situation comedies: Female body images and verbal reinforcements. Sex Roles, 40 (5/6), 473-481.
16. Fouts, G. T., & Burggraf, K. K. (2000). Television situation comedies: Female weight, male negative comments, and audience reactions. Sex Roles, 42 (9/10), 925-932.
17. Gerbner, G., & Gross, L. (1976). Living wilh television. Journal of Communication, 26 (2), 172-199.
18. Gibson, P. (1989). Gay male and lesbian youth suicide. Report of the Secretary's Task Force on Youth Suicide (vol. 3). Washington, DC: United States Department of Health and Human Services.
19. Graves, S. B. (1993). Television, the portrayal of African Americans, and the development of children's attitudes. In G. L. Berry & J, K. Asamen (Eds.), Children & television: Images in a changing sociocultural world, (pp. 179-190). Newbury Park. CA: Sage Publications.
20. Graves, S. B. (1999). Television and prejudice reduction: When does television as a vicarious experience make a difference? Journal of Social Issues, 55, 707-725.
21. Greenberg, B. S., & Brand, J. E. (1994). Minorities and the mass media: 1970s to 1990s. In J. Bryant & D. Zillmann (Eds.), Media effects: Advances in theory and research (pp. 273-314). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
22. Gross, L. (1991). Out of the mainstream: Sexual minorities and the mass media. Journal of Homosexuality, 21 (1-2), 19-46.
23. Hantzis, D., & Lehr, V. (1994). Whose desire?: Lesbian (non)sexuality and television's perpetuation of hetero/sexism. In R. J. Ringer (Ed.), Queer words, queer images: Communication and the construction of homosexuality (pp. 107-121). New York, NY: New York University Press.
24. Harris, L. (1993). Hostile hallways: The AAUW survey on sexual harassment in America's schools. Washington, DC: American Association of University Women Educational Foundation.
25. Herek, G. M. (1992). The social context of hate crimes: Notes on cultural heterosexism. In G. Herek & K. Berril (Eds.). Hate crimes: Confronting violence against lesbians and gay men (pp. 89-104). Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
26. Herron, W. G. & Herron, M. J. (1996). The complexity of sexuality. Psychological Reports, 78 (1), 129-130.
27. Hoy, C. (2001). A pilot study of television homosexuality and the gatekeepers. Feedback, 42 (4), 5-12.
28. Kates, S. M. (1998). Twenty million new customers!: Understanding gay men's consumer behavior. Binghamton, NY: The Harrington Park Press.
29. Kielwasser, A. P., & Wolf, M, A. (1994). Silence, difference, and annihilation: Understanding the impact of mediated heterosexism on high school students. High School Journal, 77(1-2), 58-79.
30. Kielwasser, A. P. (1998, January/February). Rumors of homophobia. Extra!, p. 23.
31. Kielwasser, A. P., & Wolf, M. A. (1992). Mainstream television, adolescent homosexuality, and significant silence. Critical Studies in Mass Communication, 9 (4), 350-373.
32. Kourany, R. F. (1987). Suicide among homosexual adolescents. Journal of Homosexuality, 13 (4), 111-117.
33. Kubey, R., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990). Television and the quality of life: How viewing shapes everyday experience. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
34. Liebert, R. M., & Sprafkin, J. 1988. The early window: Effects of television on children and youth. New York, NY: Pergamon Press.
35. Lucente, R. L. (1996). Sexual identity: Conflict and confusion in a male adolescent. Child & Adolescent Social Work Journal, 13 (2), 97-114.
36. Lukenbill, G. (1999). Untold millions: Secret truths about marketing to gav and lesbian consumers. Binghamton, NY: The Harrington Park Press.
37. MacBeth, T. M. (Ed.). (1996). Tuning into young viewers: Social science perspectives on television. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
38. Marsiglio, W. (1993). Attitudes toward homosexual activity and gays as friends: A national survey of heterosexual 15- to 19-year-old mates. Journal of Sex Research, 30 (1), 12-17.
39. Moritz, M. (1994). Old strategies for new texts: How American television is creating and treating lesbian characters. In J. Ringer (Ed.), Queer words, queer images: Communication and the construction of homosexuality (pp. 122-142). New York, NY: New York University Press.
40. Pearl, J., & Pearl, J. (1999). The chosen image: Television's portrayal of Jewish themes and characters. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company.
41. Pillard, R. C., & Bailey, J. M. (1995). A biologic perspective on sexual orientation. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 18, 71-84.
42. Radkowsky, M., & Siegel, L. J. (1997). The gay adolescent: Stressors, adaptations, and psychosocial interventions. Clinical Psychology Review, 17, 191-216.
43. Robinson, L. H. & Dalton, R. (1986). Homosexuality in adolescence. Medical Aspects of Human Sexuality, 20 (6), 106-114.
44. Rotheram-Borus, M. J., & Fernandez, I. (1995). Sexual orientation and development challenges experienced by gay and lesbian youths. Suicide & Life-Threatening Behavior, 25, 26-34.
45. Seger, L. (1996). When women call the shots: The developing power and influence of women in television and film. New York, NY: Henry Holt and Company.
46. Sender, K. (2001). Gay readers, consumers, and a dominant gay habitus: 25 years of the Advocate magazine. Journal of Communications, 51 (1), 73-99.
47. Slater, B. R. (1988). Essential issues in working with lesbian and gay male youths. Professional Psychology-Research & Practice, 19(2), 226-235.
48. Sprafkin, J. N., & Silverman, L. T. (1981). Update: Physically intimate and sexual behavior on prime time television: 1978-79. Journal of Communication, 31 (1), 34-40.
49. Statistics Canada (1998). Average time spent on activities, total population and participants, by sex. Statistics Canada, (www.statcan.ca/english/ Pgdb/People/Families/famil36a.htm). Retrieved March 24, 2001.
50. Steele, J. R. (1999). Teenage sexuality and media practice: Factoring in the influences of family, friends, and school. Journal of Sex Research, 36 (4), 331-341.
51. Steenland, S. (1990). What's wrong with this picture? The status of women on screen and behind the camera in entertainment TV. Washington, DC: National Commission on Working Women of Wider Opportunities for Women.
52. Turner. W. J. (1995). Homosexuality. Type 1: An Xq28 phenomenon. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 24 (2), 109-134.
53. Volgy, T. J., & Schwarz, J. E. (1980). TV entertainment programming and sociopolitical attitudes. Journalism Quarterly, 57, 150-155.