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Volumn 109, Issue 29, 2005, Pages 6406-6419

High-LET radiolysis of liquid water with1H+, 4He2+, 12C6+, and 20Ne9+ ions: Effects of multiple ionization

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ION ENERGIES; LINEAR ENERGY TRANSFER (LET); LIQUID WATER; MULTIPLE IONIZATION;

EID: 23844481361     PISSN: 10895639     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/jp058037z     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (76)

References (135)
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    • Throughout this paper, radiation chemical yields (G-values) are given in the units of molecules per 100 eV (molec./100 eV). For conversion into SI units (mol/J): 1 molec./100 eV ≈ 0.10364 μmol/J.
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    • Subexcitation electrons are those that have kinetic energies lower than the first electronic excitation threshold of the medium (∼7.3 eV in liquid water, see: Michaud, M.; Cloutier, P.; Sanche, L. Phys. Rev. A 1991, 44, 5624). They lose energy relatively slowly, the dominant mode of energy loss being the excitation of molecular vibrations. See, for example, ref 9.
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    • - in deterministic "average" spur models of liquid water radiolysis by low-LET radiation (see: Goulet, T.; Jay-Gerin, J.-P. Radiat. Res. 1989, 118, 46). Most recent estimations of σ are 4-5 nm (refs 10 and 3) and 5.2 nm (ref 44). This relatively large average electron thermalization distance value comes from the presence of a long tail in our simulated distribution of thermalization distances, which indicates that a number of electrons travel large distances (up to ∼40 nm) from subexcitation to thermal energies (refs 28 and 34).
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    • note
    • A detailed description of our simulations of the radiolysis of aqueous solutions under acidic conditions will be given elsewhere.
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    • note
    • We recall here that, like molecular oxygen, the free oxygen atom is a biradical and has two unpaired electrons.
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    • We can cite here the elegant work of Barendsen et al. (Barendsen, G. W.; Root, C. J.; van Kersen, G. R.; Bewley, D. K.; Field, S. B.; Parnell, C. J. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 1966, 10, 317), who used cultured cells of human origin to investigate the OER for a wide range of radiation types. These authors showed that as the LET increases, the OER falls slowly at first, from ∼2.6 to 2.05 between ∼5.6 and 61 keV/μm, after which the OER decreases more rapidly and approaches unity at an LET value of ∼165 keV/μm.
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    • note
    • O2 + ... is found to be well satisfied by the results of our simulations throughout the range of LET values studied here.
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    • 2+ ions, respectively. Judging from the reported experimental errors (measured yields may be on the order of 15% too low), these results are in remarkable agreement with Brown et al.'s experiments.
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    • note
    • si = α < 0.5) adopted in this study (data not shown).


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