Trademarks or trade barriers?: Indigenous knowledge and the flaws in the global IPR system

International Journal of Social Economics

Volumn 31, Issue 1-2, 2004, Pages 173-194

  Ismail, Zenobia ^a   Fakir, Tashil ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND   (South Africa)

Author keywords

Intellectual property law; Knowledge management; Localization; Patents; South Africa; Trade marks

Indexed keywords

EID: 23744516075     PISSN: 03068293     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1108/03068290410515493     Document Type: Review

References (31)

1. Abbott, F.M. (1997), "Trips in Seattle: the not-so-surprising failure and the future of the trips agenda", Berkeley Journal of International Law, Vol. 18 No. 1, p. 165.
2. Anuradha, R.V. (2001), "IPRs: implications for biodiversity and local and indigenous communities", Reciel, Vol. 10 No. 1, p. 27.
3. Basmati Rice Patent (2002), Disputed Basmati Rice Patent Showcase Against Biopiracy, available at: www.afrol.com/July-02/.
4. Bodeker, G. (2000), "Indigenous medical knowledge: the law and politics of protection", paper presented at the Oxford University Intellectual Property Research Centre Research Seminar, University of Oxford, Oxford.
5. Boisvert, V. and Caron, A. (2002), "The convention on biological diversity: an institutional perspective of the debates", Journal of Economic Issues, Vol. 36 No. 1, p. 151.
6. Brinkerhoff, B.E. (2001), "International protection of US trademarks: a survey of major international treaties", Richmond Journal of Global Law and Business, Vol. 2 No. 1.
7. Burgunder, L.B. (1985), "An economic approach to trademark genericism", American Business Law Journal, Vol. 23, p. 391.
8. Correa, C.M. (2001), "The TRIPS agreement: how much room for manoeuvre?", Journal of Human Development, Vol. 2 No. 1, p. 79.
9. Cunningham, P. (2002), "Reaping reponsibility", Manufacturing Chemist, April, p. 49.
10. Douglas, A. (2000), "Blatant biopiracy", The Guardian, December, p. 13.
11. Downes, D. and Laird, E. (1999), "Innovative mechanisms for sharing benefits of bio-diversity and related knowledge", UNCTAD Bio-trade Initiative.
12. George, J. (2000), "Intellectual property rights: plants and photo-medicines - past history, present scenario and future prospects in South Africa", South African Journal of Science, Vol. 96 No. 8, p. 1.
13. Gillespie, K., Kishore, K. and Jarvis, S. (2002), "Protecting global brands: toward a global norm", Journal of International Marketing, Vol. 10 No. 2, pp. 99-112.
14. Gosling, M. (2001), "SA's floral heritage sold to US company", Cape Times, 5 August.
15. Harvey, N. (2001), "Globalisation and resistance in post-cold war Mexico: difference, citizenship and biodiversity conflicts in Chiapas", Third World Quarterly, Vol. 22 No. 6, p. 1045.
16. Hunter, C.J. (1997), "Sustainable bioprospecting: using private contracts and international legal principles and policies to conserve raw medicinal materials", Boston College Environmental Affairs Law Review, Vol. 25 No. 1, p. 1.
17. Knight, D. (2000), "Groups take legal action to end US "biopiracy", Third World Network, IPS, Washington, DC.
18. Maskus, K.J. (2000), Intellectual Property Rights in the Global Economy, Institute for International Economics, Salem, MA.
19. Moran, K., King, S.R. and Carlson, T.J. (2001), "Biodiversity prospecting. Lessons and prospects", Annual Review Anthropology, Vol. 30, p. 505.
20. Mushita, T.A. and Thompson, C.B. (2002), "Patenting biodiversity? Rejecting WTO/trips in Southern Africa", Global Environmental Politics, Vol. 2 No. 1, p. 65.
21. Ostergard, R.L. Jr, Matthew, T. and Altman, J. (2001), "Stealing from the past: globalisation, strategic formation and the use of indigenous intellectual property in the biotechnology industry", Third World Quarterly, Vol. 22 No. 4, p. 643.
22. Oubre, A. (1996), "Plants, property and people", Skeptic, Vol. 4 No. 2, p. 2.
23. RAFI (2000), Basmati Rice Update, available at: www.biotech-info.net.
24. Reid, W.V. (1993), "The economic realities of biodiversity", Issues in Science and Technology, p. 48.
25. Richardson, B.J. (2001), "Indigenous peoples, international law and sustainability", Reciel, Vol. 10 No. 1.
26. Sharma, D. (1999), "India may contest US patent on diabetic remedy", Environmental News Service, available at: www.jca.apc.org/asia- apec/msg00862.html.
27. Shiva, V. (2000), "North south conflicts in intellectual property rights", Peace Review, Vol. 12 No. 4, p. 501.
28. Shiva, V. (2001), The Basmati Battle and its Implications for Biopiracy and Trips, available at: Globalresearch.ca.
29. Takeshita, C. (2000), "Bioprospecting and indigenous peoples' resistances", Peace Review, Vol. 12 No. 4, p. 555.
30. Tansey, G. (2002), "Food for thought. Intellectual property rights, food and biodiversity", Harvard International Review, Spring, p. 54.
31. Zerbe, N. (2002), "Contested ownership: TRIPS, CBD and implications for Southern African biodiveristy", Perspectives on Global Development and Technology, Vol. 1, p. 294.