High-dose acyclovir prophylaxis reduces cytomegalovirus disease in liver transplant patients

Transplant Infectious Disease

Volumn 1, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 89-97

  Barkholt, L ^a,b   Lewensohn Fuchs, I ^a   Ericzon, B G ^a   Tyden G ^a   Andersson, J ^a  

^a KAROLINSKA UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Sweden)

^b STANFORD UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Acyclovir; CMV prophylaxis; Cytomegalovirus; Liver; Transplantation

Indexed keywords

ACICLOVIR; ANTIVIRUS AGENT; CREATININE; PLACEBO;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BLOOD; CLINICAL TRIAL; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; CYTOMEGALIC INCLUSION BODY DISEASE; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; FEMALE; GRAFT SURVIVAL; HERPES SIMPLEX; HUMAN; INTRAVENOUS DRUG ADMINISTRATION; LIVER TRANSPLANTATION; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MONITORING; ORAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATION; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODEL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; TIME;

ACYCLOVIR; ADMINISTRATION, ORAL; ADULT; AGED; ANTIVIRAL AGENTS; CREATININE; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS; DOUBLE-BLIND METHOD; FEMALE; GRAFT SURVIVAL; HERPES SIMPLEX; HUMANS; INJECTIONS, INTRAVENOUS; LIVER TRANSPLANTATION; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MONITORING, PHYSIOLOGIC; PLACEBOS; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODELS; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 0033140367     PISSN: 13982273     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-3062.1999.010202.x     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. HO M. Infections in liver transplant recipients. In: WINTER PM, KANG YG, eds. Hepatic Transplantation. New York, NY: Praeger Publishers, 1986: 202-214.
2. HO M. Human cytomegalovirus infection in immunosuppressed patients. In: Ho M, ed. Cytomegalovirus. Biology and Infection. New York, NY: Plenum Medical Book Co., 1991: 249-250.
3. COLONNA JA, WINSTON DJ, BRILL JE, et al. Infectious complications in liver transplantation. Arch Surg 1988: 123: 360-364.
4. STRATTA RJ, SCHAEFER MF, MARKIN RS, et al. Clinical patterns of cytomegalovirus disease in liver transplantation. Arch Surg 1989: 124: 1443-1450.
5. MARKIN RS, STRATTA RJ, WOODS GL. Infection after liver transplantation. Am J Surg Pathol 1990: 14 (Suppl): 64-78.
6. RUBIN RH, TOLKOFF-RUBIN NE. The problem of cytomegalovirus infection in transplantation. In: MORRIS PJ, TILNEY NL, eds. Progress in transplantation. New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone Inc., 1984: 1: 89-114.
7. KUSNE S, DUMMER JS, SINGH N. Infections after liver transplantation: an analysis of 101 consecutive cases. Medicine 1988: 67: 132-143.
8. SAYAGE LH, GONWA TA, GOLDSTEIN RM, HUSBERG BS, KLINTMALM GB. Cytomegalovirus infection in orthotopic liver transplantation. Transpl Int 1989: 2: 96-101.
9. BARKHOLT L, ERICZON BG, TOLLEMAR J, et al. Infections in human liver recipients: different patterns early and late after liver transplantation. Transplant Int 1993: 6: 77-84
10. PETERSON PK, BALFOUR HH Jr, MARKER SC, et al. Cytomegalovirus disease in renal allograft recipients: A prospective study of the clinical features, risk factors and impact on renal transplantation. Medicine 1980: 59: 283-300.
11. BOSCH FH. Cytomegalovirus infection and disease in renal transplant patients treated with cyclosporin. A prospective study. Transplant Int 1989: 2: 92-95.
12. SIMMONS RL, MATAS AJ, RATTAZZI LC, et al. Clinical characteristics of the lethal cytomegalovirus infection following renal transplantation. Surgery 1977: 82: 537-546.
13. SUWANSIRIKUL S, RAO N, DOWLING JN, HO M. Primary and secondary cytomegalovirus infection. Clinical manifestations after renal transplantation. Arch Intern Med 1977: 137: 1026-1029.
14. PETERSON PK, BALFOUR HH Jr, FRYD DS, et al. Risk factors in the development of cytomegalovirus-related pneumonia in renal transplant recipients. J Inf Dis 1983: 148: 1121.
15. HEURLIN N, BRATTSTRÖM C, LÖNNQVIST B, WESTMAN L, LIDMAN C, ANDERSSON J. Aetiology of pulmonary disease in immuno-compromised patients. Eur Resp J 1991: 4: 10-18.
16. LJUNGMAN P. Cytomegalovirus pneumonia: presentation, diagnosis and treatment. Sem Resp Inf 1995: 10: 209-215.
17. MEYERS JD, WADE JC, MITCHELL CD, et al. Multicenter collaborative trial of intravenous acyclovir for treatment of mucocutaneous herpes simplex virus infection in the immunocompromised host. Am J Med 1982: 73 (Suppl 1 A): 229-235.
18. WADE JC, NEWTON B, FLOURNOY N, MEYERS JD. Oral acyclovir for prevention of herpes simplex virus reactivation after marrow transplantation. Am Intern Med 1984: 100: 823-828.
19. PRENTICE HG. Use of acyclovir for prophylaxis of herpes infections in severely immunocompromised patients. J Antimicrob Chemother 1983: 12 (Suppl B): 1593-1599.
20. PROBER CG. Acyclovir therapy of chickenpox in immunosuppressed children - a collaborative study. J Ped 1982: 101: 622-625.
21. SHEPP DH, DANDLIKER PS, MEYERS JD. Treatment of varicella-zoster virus infection in severely immunocompromised patients. Randomized comparison of acyclovir and vidarabine. N Engl J Med 1986: 314: 208-212.
22. COHEN JI. Epstein-Barr virus lymphoproliferative disease associated with acquired immunodeficiency. Medicine (Baltimore) 1991: 70: 137-160.
23. TYM AS, SCAMANS EM, NAIM HM. The in vitro activity of acyclovir and related compounds against cytomegalovirus infections. J Antimicrob Chemother 1981: 8: 65-72.
24. COLE NL, BALFOUR HH. In vitro susceptibility of cytomegalovirus isolates from immunocompromised patients to acyclovir and ganciclovir. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 1987: 6: 255-261.
25. MEYERS JD, REED EC, SHEPP DH, et al. Acyclovir for prevention of cytomegalovirus infection and disease after allogeneic marrow transplantation. N Engl J Med 1988: 318: 70-75.
26. BALFOUR HH Jr, CHACE BA, STAPLETON JT, SIMMONS RL, FRYD DS. A randomized, placebo controlled trial of oral acyclovir for the prevention of cytomegalovirus disease in recipients of renal allografts. N Engl J Med 1989: 320: 1381-1387.
27. STRATTA RJ, SHAEFER MS, CUSHING KA, et al. A randomized prospective trial of acyclovir and immune globulin prophylaxis in liver transplant recipients receiving OKT3 therapy. Arch Surg 1992: 127: 55-64.
28. MOLLISON LC, RICHARDS MJ, JOHNSON PD, et al. High-dose oral acyclovir reduces the incidence of cytomegalovirus infection in liver transplant recipients. J Infect Dis 1993: 168: 721-724.
29. MARTIN M, MANEZ R, LINDEN P, et al. A prospective randomised trial comparing sequential ganciclovir-high-dose acyclovir to high-dose acyclovir for prevention of cytomegalovirus disease in adult liver transplant recipients. Transplantation 1994: 58: 779-785.
30. SINGH N, YU VL, MIELES L, WAGENER MM, MINER RC, GAYOWSKI T. High-dose acyclovir compared with short-course preemptive ganciclovir therapy to prevent cytomegalovirus disease in liver transplant recipients. A randomised trial. Ann Intern Med 1994: 20: 375-381.
31. WINSTON DJ, WIRIN D, SHAKED A, BUSUTTIL RW. Randomised comparison of ganciclovir and high-dose acyclovir for long-term cytomegalovirus prophylaxis in liver-transplant recipients. Lancet 1995: 346: 69-74.
32. BADLEY AD, SEABERG EC, PORAYKO MKK, et al. Prophylaxis of cytomegalovirus in liver transplantation. Transplantation 1997: 64: 66-73.
33. EHRNST A, BARKHOLT LM, BRATTSTRÖM C, et al. Detection of CMV-matric pp65 antigen in leucocytes by immunofluorescence as a marker of CMV disease. J Med Virol 1993: 39: 118-124.
34. EHRNST A, BARKHOLT L, LEWENSOHN-FUCHS I, et al. CMV PCR monitoring in leucocytes of transplant patients. Clin Diagn Virol 1995: 3: 139-153.
35. SUNDQVIST VA, WAHREN B. An interchangeable ELISA for cytomegalovirus antigen and antibody. J Virol Meth 1981: 2: 301-312.
36. BARKHOLT L, DAHL H, ENBOM M, LINDE A. Epstein-Barr virus DNA in serum after liver transplantation - surveillance of viral activity during treatment with different immunosuppressive agents. Transpl Int 1996: 9: 439-445.
37. LJUNGMAN P, GRIFFITHS P. Definitions of cytomegalovirus infection and disease. In: MICHELSON S, PLOTKIN SA, eds. Multidisciplinary approach to understanding cytomegalovirus disease. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier Sciences Publisher BV, 1993: 233-237.
38. BARKHOLT LM, EHRNST A, VERESS B. Clinical use of immunohistopathological methods for the diagnosis of cytomegalovirus hepatitis in human liver allograft biopsies. Scand J Gastroenterology 1994: 29: 553-560.
39. BARKHOLT LM, JOHANSSON B, VERESS B, ANDERSSON J.P, EHRNST A. Polymerase chain reaction for the early diagnosis of cytomegalovirus hepatitis in liver transplant patients. Clin Diagn Virol 1995: 4: 121-134.
40. GARDNER PS, MCQUILLIN J. In: Rapid virus diagnosis. Application of immunofluorescence. London, UK: Butterworth & Co Ltd, 1980: 223-245.
41. KAPLAN EI, MEIER P. Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations. J Am Stat Assoc 1958: 53: 457-481.
42. COX FR. Regression models and lifetables. J R Stat Soc B 1972: 34: 187-220.
43. CHITWOOD KK, HEIM-DUTHOY KL, NEY AL, KASISKE BL. Questionable benefit of prophylactic acyclovir in renal transplant recipients at high risk for cytomegalovirus diesease. Clin Transplantation 1993: 7: 320-324.
44. WONG T, LAVAUD S, TOUPANCE O, et al. Failure of acyclovir to prevent cytomegalovirus infection in renal allograft recipients. Transpl Int 1993: 6: 285-289.
45. LEGENDRE C, DUCLOUX D, FERRONI A, et al. Acyclovir in preventing cytomegalovirus infection in kidney transplant recipients: A case-control study. Transplant Proc 1993: 25: 1431-1433.
46. BAILEY TC, ETTINGER NA, STORCH GA, et al. Failure of high-dose oral acyclovir with or without immune globulin to prevent primary cytomegalovirus disease in recipients of solid organ transplants. Am J Med 1993: 95: 273-278.
47. HAM JM, SHELDEN SL, GODKIN RR, POSNER MP, FISHER RA. Cytomegalovirus prophylaxis with ganciclovir, acyclovir and CMV hyperimmune globulin in liver transplant patients receiving OKT3 induction. Transplant Proc 1995: 27 (Suppl 1): 31-33.
48. PAYA CV, MARIN E, KETING M, DICKSON R, PORAYKO M, WIESNER R. Solid organ transplantation: Results and implications of acyclovir use in liver transplants. J Med Virol 1993: (Suppl 1): 123-127.
49. DUNN DL, GILLINGHAM DJ, KRAMER MA, et al. A prospective randomized study of acyclovir versus ganciclovir plus human immune globulin prophylaxis of cytomegalovirus infection after solid organ transplantation. Transplantation 1994: 57: 876-884.
50. MOR E, MEYERS BR, YAGMUR O, et al. High-dose acyclovir and intravenous immune globulin reduce the incidence of CMV disease after liver transplantation. Transplant Int 1995: 8: 152-156.
51. GANE E, SALIBA F, VALDECASSA GJ, et al. Randomised trial of efficacy and safety of oral ganciclovir in the prevention of cytomegalovirus disease in liver transplant recipients. The Oral Ganciclovir International Transplantation Study Group. Lancet 1997: 350: 1729-1733.