High-arched runners exhibit increased leg stiffness compared to low-arched runners

Gait and Posture

Volumn 19, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 263-269

  Williams III, Dorsey S ^a   Davis, Irene McClay ^b,c   Scholz, John P ^c   Hamill, Joseph ^d   Buchanan, Thomas S ^c  

^a EAST CAROLINA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b Joyner Sportsmedicine Institute   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF DELAWARE   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS   (United States)

Author keywords

Kinetics; Leg stiffness; Medial longitudinal arch

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; ELECTROMYOGRAPHY; FEMALE; FOOT; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; HYPOTHESIS; INFORMATION PROCESSING; KINETICS; KNEE FUNCTION; LEG; MALE; MUSCLE; NORMAL HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RIGIDITY; RUNNING; STANDING; VASTUS LATERALIS MUSCLE; WEIGHT BEARING;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ANKLE JOINT; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; FEMALE; FOOT; HUMANS; JOINT DISEASES; LEG INJURIES; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; RANGE OF MOTION, ARTICULAR; RUNNING;

EID: 2342528512     PISSN: 09666362     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0966-6362(03)00087-0     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Cavanagh P.R., Morag E., Boulton A.J.M., Young M.J., Deffner K.T., Pammer S.E. The relationship of static foot structure to dynamic foot function. J. Biomech. 30:1997;243-250
2. Nawoczenski D.A., Saltzman C.L., Cook T.M. The effect of foot structure on the three-dimensional kinematic coupling behavior of the leg and rear foot. Phys. Ther. 78:1998;404-416
3. Morag E., Cavanagh P.R. Structural and functional predictors of regional peak pressures under the foot during loading. J. Biomech. 32:1999;359-370
4. Viale F., Dalleau G., Freychat P., LaCour J.R., Belli A. Leg stiffness and foot orientation during running. Foot Ankle Int. 19:1998;761-765
5. Ogon M., Aleksiev A.R., Pope M.H., Wimmer C., Saltzman C.L. Does arch height affect impact loading at the lower back level in running? Foot Ankle Int. 20:1999;263-266
6. Nachbauer W., Nigg B.M. Effects of arch height of the foot on ground reaction forces in running. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 24:1992;1264-1269
7. DeVita P., Skelly W.A. Effect of landing stiffness on joint kinetics and energetics in the lower extremity. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 24:1992;108-115
8. Li L., Heiderscheit B., Caldwell G.E., Hamill J. Knee stiffness measurement during the stance phase of level running. J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. 27:1998;99
9. McMahon T.A., Cheng G.C. The mechanics of running: how does stiffness couple with speed? J. Biomech. 23(Suppl. 1):1990;65-78
10. Czerniecki J.M. Foot and ankle biomechanics in walking and running. Am. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 16:1988;327-331
11. McClay I.S., Manal K.T. Coupling parameters in runners with normal and excessive pronation. J. Appl. Biomech. 13:1997;107-124
12. Hamill J., Bates B.T., Holt K.G. Timing of lower extremity joint actions during treadmill running. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 24:1992;807-813
13. Kadaba M.P., Ramakrishnan H.K., Wootten M.E., Gainey J., Gorton G., Cochran G.V. Repeatability of kinematic, kinetic, and electromyographic data in normal adult gait. J. Orthop. Res. 7:1989;849-860
14. Gottlieb G.L., Agarwal G.C. Compliance of single joints: elastic and plastic characteristics. J. Neurophysiol. 59:1988;937-951
15. Gollhofer A., Kyröläinen H. Neuromuscular control of the human leg extensor muscles in jump exercises under various stretch-load conditions. Int. J. Sports Med. 12:1991;34-40
16. Santello M., McDonagh M.J.N. The control of timing and amplitude of EMG activity in landing movements in humans. Exp. Physiol. 83:1998;857-874
17. Williams D.S., McClay I.S. Measurements used to characterize the foot and medial longitudinal arch: reliability and validity. Phys. Ther. 80:2000;864-871
18. Grood E.S., Suntay W.J. A joint coordinate system for the clinical description of three-dimensional motions: application to the knee. J. Biomech. Eng. 105:1983;136-144
19. He J., Kram R., McMahon T.A. Mechanics of running under simulated low gravity. J. Appl. Physiol. 71:1991;863-870
20. Farley C.T., Glasheen J., McMahon T.A. Running springs: speed and animal size. J. Exp. Biol. 185:1993;71-86
21. Farley C.T., Gonzalez O. Leg stiffness and stride frequency in human running. J. Biomech. 29:1996;181-186
22. Carruthers AS, Farley CT. Leg stiffness in running humans: effects of body size. In: Proceedings of North American Conference on Biomechanics; 1998. p. 307-8.
23. Cavagna G.A. Force platforms as ergometers. J. Appl. Physiol. 39:1985;174-179
24. Mann R.A., Hagy J. Biomechanics of walking. Am. J. Sports Med. 8:1980;345-350
25. Winter D.A. Overall principle of lower limb support during stance phase of gait. J. Biomech. 13:1980;923-927
26. Winter DA. The biomechanics and motor control of human gait. Waterloo, Ont.: University of Waterloo Press; 1988.
27. Rudolph KS. Dynamic stability in the anterior cruciate ligament deficient knee. Ph.D. thesis, Newark, DE: University of Delaware Press; 1998.
28. Cavanagh P.R., Komi P.V. Electromechanical delay in human skeletal muscle under concentric and eccentric contractions. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 42:1979;159-163
29. Kim A., Rosen A., Brander V., Buchanan T. Selective muscle activation following electrical stimulation of the collateral ligaments of the human knee. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 76:1995;750-757
30. Hreljac A., Marshall R.N., Hume P.A. Evaluation of lower extremity overuse injury potential in runners. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 32:2000;1635-1641
31. Ernst G.P., Saliba E., Diduch D.R., Hurwitz S.R., Ball D.W. Lower extremity compensations following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Phys. Ther. 80:2000;251-260
32. Williams D.S., McClay I.S., Hamill J. Arch structure and injury patterns in runners. Clin. Biomech. 16:2001;341-347
33. Farley C.T., Morgenroth D.C. Leg stiffness primarily depends on ankle stiffness during human hopping. J. Biomech. 32:1999;267-273
34. Dietz V. Contribution of spinal stretch reflexes to the activity of leg muscles in running. In: Taylor A, Prochazka A, editors. Muscle receptors and movement. London: Macmillan; 1981. p. 339-46.
35. Dietz V., Schmidtbleicher D., Noth J. Neuronal mechanisms of human locomotion. J. Neurophysiol. 42:1979;1212-1222
36. Heise GD, Bressel E, Bachman G, Morgan DW. The influence of running speed on the duration of bi-articular muscle coactivation. In: Proceedings of North American Conference on Biomechanics. 1998. p. 321-2.
37. Radin E.L., Yang K.H., Reigger C., Kish V.L., O'Connor J.J. Relationship between lower limb dynamics and knee joint pain. J. Orthop. Res. 9:1991;398-405
38. Williams D.S., McClay I.S., Hamill J., Buchanan T.S. Lower extremity kinematic and kinetic differences in runners with high and low arches. J. Appl. Biomech. 17:2001;153-163