Culture and self-concept flexibility

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin

Volumn 28, Issue 11, 2002, Pages 1508-1517

  Choi, Incheol ^a   Choi, Yimoon ^a  

^a Seoul National University   (South Korea)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 23044532603     PISSN: 01461672     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/014616702237578     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Chang, T.-S. (1939). A Chinese philosopher's theory of knowledge. Yenching Journal of Social Studies, 11(2), 155-191.
2. Chen, C., Lee, S.-Y., & Stevenson, H. W. (1995). Response style and cross-cultural comparisons of rating scales among East Asian and North American students. Psychological Science, 6, 170-175.
3. Choi, I., Choi, K. W., & Cha, J.-H. (1992). A cross-cultural replication of Festinger and Carlsmith (1959). Unpublished manuscript, Seoul National University, Korea.
4. Choi, I., Nisbett, R. E., & Norenzayan, A. (1999). Causal attribution across cultures: Variation and universality. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 47-63.
5. Cousins, S. D. (1989). Culture and self-perception in Japan and the U. S. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 124-131.
6. Diener, E., & Suh, M. E. (1999). National differences in subjective well-being. In D. Kahneman, E. Diener, & N. Schwarz (Eds.), Wellbeing: The foundations of hedonic psychology (pp. 434-452). New York: Russell Sage.
7. Fazio, R. H., Effrein, E. A., & Falender, V.J. (1981). Self-perceptions following social interactions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 41, 233-242.
8. Goldberg, L. R. (1990). An alternative "description of personality": The Big-Five structure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 1216-1229.
9. Heine, S.J., & Lehman, D. R. (1997). Culture, dissonance, and self-affirmation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 389-400.
10. Heine, S.J., Lehman, D. R., Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1999). Is there a universal need for positive self-regard? Psychological Review, 106, 766-794.
11. Hiniker, P.J. (1969). Chinese reactions to forced compliance: Dissonance reduction or national character. Journal of Social Psychology, 77, 157-176.
12. Kanagawa, C., Cross, S. E., & Markus, H. R. (2001). "Who am I?" The cultural psychology of the conceptual self. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 90-103.
13. Kashima, Y., Siegel, M., Tanaka, K., & Kashima, E. S. (1992). Do people believe behaviors are consistent with attitudes? Towards a cultural psychology of attribution processes. British Journal of Social Psychology, 31, 111-124.
14. Kitayama, S., & Markus, H. R. (1998). Yin and Yang of the Japanese self: The cultural psychology of personality coherence. In D. Cervone & Y. Shoda (Eds.), The coherence of personality: Social-cognitive bases of consistency, variability, and organization (pp. 242-302). New York: Guilford.
15. Kuhn, M. H., & McPartland, R. (1954). An empirical investigation of self attitudes. American Sociological Review, 19, 68-76.
16. Kunda, Z., Fong, G. T., Sanitioso, R., & Reber, E. (1993). Directional questions direct self-concepts. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 29, 63-86.
17. Liu, S. H. (1974). The use of analogy and symbolism in traditional Chinese philosophy. Journal of Chinese Philosophy, 1, 313-338.
18. Mao, T.-T. (1962). Four essays on philosophy. Beijing: People's Press. (Original work published 1937)
19. Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion and motivation. Psychological Review, 98, 224-253.
20. McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (1997). Personality trait structure as a human universal. American Psychologist, 52, 509-516.
21. McGuire, W. J., McGuire, C. V., Child, P., & Fujioka, T. (1978). Salience of ethnicity in the spontaneous self-concepts as a function of one's ethnic distinctiveness in the social environment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36, 511-520.
22. McGuire, W.J., McGuire, C. V., & Winton, W. (1979). Effects of household sex composition on the salience of one's gender in the spontaneous self-concept. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 15, 77-90.
23. Miller, J. G. (1994). Cultural diversity in the morality of caring: Individually oriented versus duty-based interpersonal moral codes. Cross-Cultural Research: The Journal of Comparative Social Science, 28, 3-39.
24. Needham, J. (1978). The history of Chinese science and technology. Chiulung: Chung Hua Shu Chu. (Original work published 1962)
25. Nisbett, R. E., Peng, K., Choi, I., & Norenzayan, A. (2001). Culture and systems of thought: Holistic vs. analytic cognition. Psychological Review, 108, 291-310.
26. Norenzayan, A., Choi, I., & Nisbett, R. E. (2002). Cultural similarities and differences in social inference: Evidence from behavioral predictions and lay theories of behavior. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 109-120.
27. Peng, K. (1997). Naive dialecticism and its effects on reasoning and judgment about contradiction. Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press.
28. Peng, K., & Nisbett, R. E. (1999). Culture, dialectics, and reasoning about contradiction. American Psychologist, 54, 741-754.
29. Peng, K., Nisbett, R. E., & Wong, N. (1998). Validity problems comparing values across cultures and possible solutions. Psychological Methods, 2, 329-344.
30. Piedmont, R. L., & Chae, J. H. (1997). Cross-cultural generalizability of the five-factor model of personality: Development and validation of the NEO-PI-R for Koreans. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 28, 131-155.
31. Rhee, E., Uleman, J. S., Lee, H. K., & Roman, R. J. (1996). Spontaneous self-descriptions and ethnic identities in individualistic and collectivistic cultures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 142-152.
32. Rokeach, M. (1973). The nature of human values. New York: Basic Books.
33. Sanitioso, R., Kunda, Z., & Fong, G. T. (1990). Motivated recruitment of autobiographical memories. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 229-241.
34. Suh, E. K. (1999). Culture, identity consistency, and subjective well-being. Unpublished manuscript, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.
35. Triandis, H. C. (1995). Individualism and collectivism. Boulder, CO: Westview.
36. Triandis, H. C., McCusker, C., & Hui, C. H. (1990). Multimethod probes of individualism and collectivism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 1006-1020.
37. Zhang, D. L., & Chen, Z. Y. (1991). Zhongguo Siwei Pianxiang [The orientation of Chinese thinking]. Beijing, China: Social Science Press.