Bacterias and the increased prevalence of allergic an autoimmune disorders;Bactérias e aumento da prevalência das doenças atópicas e auto-imunes

Nascer e Crescer

Volumn 14, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 92-95

  Monteiro, Tojal ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PORTO   (Portugal)

Author keywords

Atopic; Autoimmune diseases; Hygiene hypothesis; Infection; Prevalence

Indexed keywords

ALLERGIC DISEASE; ATOPY; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE; BACTERIAL TRANSMISSION; BACTERIUM; FECES MICROFLORA; PREVALENCE; REVIEW;

EID: 23044507625     PISSN: 08720754     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (47)

1. - Wiesch D H, Meyers DA, Bleeker ER. Genetics of asthma. J Alergy Clin Immunol 1999; 104:895-901.
2. th edition. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2004:743-747.
3. - ISAAC. Steering committee. Lancet 1998; 351:1225-1232.
4. - Omran M, e Russel G. Continuing increase in respiratory symptoms and atopy in Aberdeen schoolchildren. BMJ 1996; 312:34.
5. - Downs S H, Marks GB, Sporik R, Belosouva EG, Car NG, Peat JK. Continued increase in the prevalence of asthma and atopy. Arch Dis Child 2001; 84:20-23.
6. - Guill M F. Asthma update: clinical aspects and management. Pediatrics in Review 2004; 25:335-343.
7. - WHO. Bronchial asthma, fact sheet n° 202. 2002 in www.who.int.
8. - Marques, J A. Asma brônquica, texto breve. 2001 Permanyer Portugal
9. - Rocha F. Doenças alérgicas em adolescentes. Estudo da prevalência numa populaçâo escolar do Concelho de Vila do Conde. Cadernos de imuno - alergologia pediátrica 2004; 19:9-15.
10. - von Multius E, Martinez FD, Fritzsch C, Niolai T, Roell G, Thieman HH. Prevalence of asthma and atopy in two areas of West and Est Germany. Am J Resp Crit Care Med 1994; 149:358-364.
11. - Strachan D C. Hay fever, hygiene and household size. BMJ 1989; 299:1259 -1260.
12. - Shaheen S O, Aaby P, Hall AJ. Measles and atopy in Guinea - Bissau. Lancet 1996; 347:1792-1797.
13. - Matricardi PM, Rosmini F, Ferrigno L. Exposure to foodborne and orofecal microbes versus airborn viruses in relation to atopy and allergic asthma: epidemiological study. BMJ 2000; 320:412-417.
14. - Braun-Fahrlander C, Riedler J, Herz U, Eder W, Waser M, Grise L et al. Environmental exposure to endotoxin and its relation to asthma in school - aged children. N Engl J Med 2002; 347:869-877.
15. - Ernest P, Cormier Y. Relative scar-city of asthma and atopy among rural adolescents raised on a farm. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 161:1563-1566.
16. - Klinteberg B, Berglund L, Lilja G, Wickman M, van Hage-Hamsten M. Fewer allergic respiratory disorders among farmers children in a closed birth cohort from Sweden. Eur Resp J 2001; 17:1151-1157.
17. - Leynaert B, Neukirch C, Jarvis D, Chinn S, Burney P, Neeukirch F. Does living on a farm during childhood protect against asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopy in adulthood? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 164:1829-1834.
18. - Riedler J, Baraun-Fahrlander C, Edder W. Exposure to farming in early life and development of asthma and allergy: a cross - sectional survey. Lancet 2001; 358:1129-1133.
19. - Elliot L, Yeatts K, Loomis D. Ecological associations between asthma prevalence and potential exposure to farming. Eur Resp J 2004; 24:938-941.
20. - Delves PJ, Roitt IM. The immune system, first of two parts. N Engl J Med 2000; 343:37-49.
21. - Delves PJ, Roitt IM. The immune system, second of two parts. N Engl J Med 2000; 343:108-117.
22. - Bach J-F. The effect of infections on susceptibility to autoimmune and allergic diseases. N Engl J Med 2002; 343:911-920.
23. - Gereda JE, Leung DY, Thatayatikan A. Relation between house dust endotoxin exposure. Type 1 T cell development and allergen sensitization in infants at high risk of asthma. Lancet 2000; 355: 1680-1683
24. - Kero J, Gissler M, Hemminki E, Isolauri E. Could TH1 and TH2 diseases coexist? Evaluation of asthma incidence in children with celiac disease, type 1 diabetes, or rheumatoid arthritis: a register study. J Allergy Clin Immmunol 2001; 108:781-783.
25. - Simpson CR, Anderson J A, Helmes PJ, Taylor MW, Prescott GJ, Godden DJ et al. Coincidence of immune- mediated diseases driven by Th1 and Th2 subsets suggests a common aetiology. A population - based study using computerized general practice data. Clin Exp All 2002; 32:37-42.
26. - Warner JO. The early life origins of asthma and related allergic disorders. Arch Dis Chil 2004; 89:97-102.
27. Braat H Brandie J, Tol E, Hommes D, Peppelenbosch M, Deventer S. Lactobacillus rhamnosus induce peripheral hyporesponsiveness in stimulated CD 4 + T cells via modulation of dendritic cell function. Am J Clin Nutr 2004; 80:1618-1625.
28. - Murch S H. Toll of allergy reduced by probiotics. Lancet 2001; 357:1057-1059.
29. - Zinkernagel RM. Maternal antibodies, childhood infections, and autoimmune diseases. N Engl J Med 2001; 345:1331-1335.
30. - Watts G. Commmentary: the defence of dirt. BMJ 2004; 328:1226.
31. - Markowitz JE, Bengmark S. Probiotics in health and disease in the paediatric patient. Red Clin N Am 2002; 49:127-141.
32. - Mountzouris K C e col. Colonization of the gastrointestinal tract. Annales Nestlé 2003; 61:43-54
33. - Chapman M e col. Intestinal flora and the mucosal immune system. Annales Nestlé 2003; 61:55-65.
34. - Kalliomaki M, Salminem S, Arvilommi, H, Kero P, Koskinen P, Isolauri E. Probiotics in primary prevention of atopic disease: a randomised placebo - controlled trial. Lancet 2001; 357:1076-1079.
35. - Rosenfeldt V, Benfeldt E, Dam Nielsen S, Michaelsen KF, Jeppesen DL, Valerius NH, e al. Effect of probiotic lactobacillus strains in children with atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003; 111:389-395.
36. - Kirjavainen PV, Salminem SJ, Isolauri E. Probiotic bacteria in the management of atopic disease: underscoring the importance of viability. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2003; 36:223-227.
37. - Rosenfeldt V, Bendeldt E, HenriK N, Paerregaard A Michelsen F. Effects of probiotics on gastrointestinal symptoms and small intestinal permeability in children with atopic dermatitis. J Pediatr 2004; 145:612-616.
38. - Hijazi Z, Molla AM, Muawad WMRA, Molla AM, Sharma PN. Intestinal permeability is increased in bronchial asthma. Arch Dis Chil 2004; 89:227-229.
39. - Bjorksten B, Naaber P, Sepp, E, Mikelsaar M. The intestinal microflora in allergic Estonian and Swedish 2- years old children. Clin Exp Allergy 1999; 39:342-346.
40. - Sepp E, Julge K, Vasar M, Naber P, Bjorksten B, Miklesaar M. Intestinal microflora of Estonian and Swedish infants. Acta Paediatr 1997; 86:956-961.
41. - Kalliomaki M, Kirjavainen P, Eerola E, Kero P, Salminen S, Isolauri E. distinct patterns of neonatal gut microflora in infants in whom atopy was and was not developing. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001; 107: 129-134.
42. - Bjorkstein B, Sepp E, Jule K, Voor T, Mikelsaar M. Allergy development and the intestinal microflora during the first year of life. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001; 108:516-520.
43. - Prescott SL, Taylor A, King B, Dunstan J, Upham JW, Thornton CA, et al. Neonatal interleukin - 12 capacity is associated with variations in allergen-specific immune responses in the neonatal and postnatal periods. Clin Exp Allergy 2003; 33:566-572.
44. - Hauer AC, Riederer M, Griesse A, Rosegger H, MacDonald TT. Cytokine production by cord blood mononuclear cells stimulated with cow's milk proteins in vitro: interleukin -4 and transforming growth factor - B secreting cells detected in the CD45RO T cell population in children of atopic mothers. Clin Exp Allergy 2003; 33:615-621.
45. - Williams TJ, Jones CA, Miles EA. Fetal and neonatal interleukin-13 production during pregnancy and at birth and subsequent development of atopic symptoms. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000; 105:951-959.
46. - Cadet P, Rady PL, Tyring SK. Interleukin-10 messenger ribonucleic acid in human placenta: implications for the role of IL-10 in fetal allograph protection. Am J Obstet Gynaecol 1995; 173: 25-29.
47. - Gronlund M-M, Lehtonen O-P, Eerola E, Kero P. Fecal microflora in healthy infants born by different methods of delivery: permanent changes in intestinal flora after caesarean delivery. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1999; 28:19-25.