Quantification of the glycogen cascade system: The ultrasensitive responses of liver glycogen synthase and muscle phosphorylase are due to distinctive regulatory designs

Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling

Volumn 2, Issue , 2005, Pages

  Mutalik, Vivek K ^a   Venkatesh, K V ^a  

^a INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY BOMBAY   (India)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CYCLIC AMP; GLYCOGEN PHOSPHORYLASE; GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE; GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE PHOSPHATASE; LIVER ENZYME; MUSCLE ENZYME; PHOSPHORYLASE;

ARTICLE; CONCENTRATION (PARAMETERS); DATA ANALYSIS; ENZYME ANALYSIS; ENZYME STRUCTURE; GLYCOGEN ANALYSIS; GLYCOGEN LIVER LEVEL; GLYCOGEN SYNTHESIS; LIVER CELL; MUSCLE CELL; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; STEADY STATE;

EID: 23044471748     PISSN: 17424682     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1742-4682-2-19     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Chock PB, Rhee SG, Stadtman ER: Interconvertible enzyme cascades in cellular regulation. Ann Rev Biochem 1980, 49:813-843.
2. Koshland DE Jr, Goldbeter A, Stock JB: Amplification and adaptation in regulatory and sensory systems. Science 1982, 217:220-225.
3. Cohen P: Control of Enzyme activity Chapman and Hall, London; 1983:42-71.
4. Roach P: Glycogen and its metabolism. Curr Mol Med 2002, 2:101-20.
5. Cohen P: Hormonal control of muscle glycogen metabolism. Curr Top Cell Regul 1978, 14:117-196.
6. Voet D, Voet JG, Pratt CW: Fundamentals of Biochemistry John Wiley and Sons, New York; 1999:426-465.
7. Mvumbi L, Dopere F, Stalmans W: The inhibitory effect of phosphorylase a on the activation of glycogen synthase depends on the type of synthase phosphatase. Biochem J 1983, 212:407-416.
8. Alemany S, Cohen P: Phosphorylase-a is an allosteric inhibition of glycogen and microsomal forms of rat hepatic protein phosphatase-1. FEBS Lett 1986, 198:194-202.
9. Roach PJ: Glycogen synthase and glycogen synthase kinases. Curr Top Cell Regul 1981, 20:45-105.
10. Hers HG: The control of glycogen metabolism in the liver. Ann Rev Biochem 1976, 45:167-189.
11. Jiang G, Zhang BB: Glucagon and regulation of glucose metabolism. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2003, 284:E671-E678.
12. Bollen M, Keppens S, Stalmans W: Specific features of glycogen metabolism in the liver. Biochem J 1998, 336:19-31.
13. Chock PB, Stadtman ER: Superiority of interconvertible enzyme cascade in metabolic regulation: Analysis of multicyclic systems. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1977, 74:2766-2770.
14. Goldbeter A, Koshland DE Jr: An amplified sensitivity arising from covalent modification in biological systems. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1981, 78:6840-6844.
15. Goldbeter A, Koshland DE Jr: Ultrasensitivity in biochemical systems controlled by covalent modification. Interplay between zero-order and multistep effects. J Biol Chem 1984, 259:14441-14447.
16. LaPorte DC, Koshland DE Jr: Phosphorylation of isocitrate dehydrogenase as a demonstration of enhanced sensitivity in covalent modification. Nature 1983, 305:286-290.
17. Shacter E, Chock PB, Stadtman ER: Regulation through phosphorylation / dephosphorylation cascade systems. J Biol Chem 1984, 259:12252-12259.
18. Cardenas ML, Cornish-Bowden A: Characteristics necessary for an interconvertible enzyme cascade to generate a highly sensitive response to an effector. Biochem J 1989, 257:339-345.
19. Small R, Fell DA: Covalent modification and metabolic control analysis: modification to the theorems and their application to metabolic systems containing covalently modified enzymes. Eur J Biochem 1990, 191:405-411.
20. Ferrell JE Jr: Tripping the switch fantastic: how a protein kinase cascade can convert graded inputs into switch-like outputs. Trends Biochem Sci 1996, 21:460-466.
21. Ferrell JE Jr, Machleder EM: The biochemical bases of an all-or-none cell fate switch in Xenopus Oocytes. Science 1998, 280:895-898.
22. Mutalik VK, Shah P, Venkatesh KV: Allosteric interactions and bifunctionality make the response of glutamine synthetase cascade system of Escherichia coli robust and ultrasensitive. J Biol Chem 2003, 278:26327-26332.
23. Mutalik VK, Singh AP, Edwards JS, Venkatesh KV: Robust global sensitivity in multiple enzyme cascade system explains how the downstream cascade structure may remain unaffected by cross-talk. FEBS Lett 2004, 558:79-84.
24. Meinke MH, Bishop JS, Edstrom RD: Zero-order ultrasensitivity in the regulation of glycogen phosphorylase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1986, 83:2865-2868.
25. Meinke MH, Edstrom RD: Muscle glycogenolysis. Regulation of the cyclic interconversion of phosphorylase-a and phosphorylase-b. J Biol Chem 1991, 266:2259-2266.
26. Cardenas ML, Goldbeter A: The glucose-induced switch between glycogen phosphorylase and glycogen synthase in the liver: outlines of a theoretical approach. J Theor Biol 1996,182:421-426.
27. Shacter E, Stadtman ER, Jurgensen ST, Chock PB: Role of cAMP in cyclic cascade regulation. Methods Enzymol 1988, 159:3-27.
28. Hurd SS, Teller D, Fischer EH: Probable formation of partially phosphorylated intermediates in the interconversions of phosphorylase a and b. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1966, 24:79-84.
29. Krebs EG, Love DS, Bratvold GE, Trayser KA, Meyer WL, Fischer EH: Purification and properties of rabbit skeletal muscle phosphorylase b kinase. Biochemistry 1964, 3:1022-1033.
30. Tu J-U, Graves DJ: Inhibition of the phosphorylase kinase catalyzed reaction by glucose-6-P. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1973,53:59-65.
31. Carabaza A, Ciudad CJ, Baque S, Guinovart JJ: Glucose has to be phosphorylated to activate glycogen synthase, but not to inactivate glycogen phosphorylase in hepatocytes. FEBS Lett 1992, 296:211-214.
32. Cadefau J, Bollen M, Stalmans W: Glucose-induced glycogenesis in the liver involves the glucose-6-phosphate-dependent dephosphorylation of glycogen synthase. Biochem J 1997, 322:745-750.
33. Aiston S, Andersen B, Agius L: Glucose-6-phosphate regulates hepatic glycogenolysis through inactivation of phosphorylase. Diabetes 2003, 52:1333-1339.
34. Mutalik VK, Singh AP, Edwards JS, Venkatesh KV: Equilibrium analysis of allosteric interactions shows zero order effects. Cell Biochem Biophys 2004, 41:179-192.
35. Beavo JA, Bechtel PJ, Krebs EG: Activation of protein kinase by physiological concentration of cyclic AMP. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1974, 71:3580-3583.
36. Aiston S, Hampson L, Gomez-Foix AM, Guinovart JJ, Agius L: Hepatic glycogen synthesis is highly sensitive to phosphorylase activity: Evidence from metabolic control analysis. J Biol Chem 2001, 276:23858-23866.
37. Stalmans W, Wulf HD, Hue L, Hers HG: Sequential inactivation of glycogen phosphorylase activation of glycogen synthetase in liver after the administration of glucose to mice and rats: Mechanism of the hepatic threshold to glucose. Eur J Biochem 1974, 41:127-134.
38. Massillon D, Bollen M, Wulf HD, Overloop K, Vanstapel F, Hecke PV, Stalmans W: Demonstration of a glycogen/glucose-1-phosphate cycle in hepatocytes from fasted rats. J Biol Chem 1995, 270:19351-19356.
39. Mvumbi L, Stalmans W: High-affinity binding of glycogen-synthase phosphatase to glycogen particles in liver. Biochem J 1987, 246:367-374.
40. 2+ synergistic activation and cAMP-dependent phosphorylation. J Biol Chem 1986, 261:5442-5449.
41. Bowness JM: Epinephrine: cascade reaction and glycogenolytic effect. Science 1966, 152:1370-1371.
42. Shacter E, Chock PB, Stadtman ER: Energy consumption in a cyclic phosphorylation/dephosphorylation cascade. J Biol Chem 1984, 259:12260-12264.
43. Goldbeter A, Koshland DE Jr: Energy expenditure in the control of biochemical systems by covalent modification. J Biol Chem 1987, 262:4460-4471.
44. Yang L, MacLellan WR, Han Z, Weiss JN, Qu Z: Multisite phosphorylation and network dynamics of cyclin-dependent kinase signaling in the eukaryotic cell cycle. Biophys J 2004, 86:3432-3443.
45. Markevich NI, Hoek JB, Kholodenko BN: Signaling switches and bistability arising from multisite phosphorylation in protein kinase cascades. J Cell Biol 2004, 164:353-359.
46. Foulkes G, Cohen P: The hormonal control of glycogen metabolism: phosphorylation of protein phosphatase inhibitor-1 in vivo in response to adrenaline. Eur J Biochem 1979, 97:251-256.
47. Foulkes G, Strada SJ, Henderson PJF, Cohen P: A kinetic analysis of the effects of inhibitor-1 and inhibitor-2 on the activity of protein phosphatase-1. Eur J Biochem 1983, 132:309-313.
48. Hemmings HC, Nairn AC, Greengard P: DARPP-32, a dopamine and adenosine 3′:5′-monophosphate regulated neuronal phosphoprotein: II comparison of the kinetics of phosphorylation of DARPP-32 and phosphatase inhibitor-1. J Biol Chem 1984, 259:14491-14497.
49. Ingebritsen TS, Stewart AA, Cohen P: The protein phosphatases involved in cellular regulation: 6. Measurement of Type-1 and Type-2 protein phosphatases in extracts of mammalian tissues; An assessment of their physiological roles. Eur J Biochem 1983, 132:297-307.
50. Killilea SD, Brandt H, Lee EYC, Whelan WJ: Evidence for the coordinate control of activity of liver glycogen synthase and phosphorylase by a single protein phosphatases. J Biol Chem 1976, 251:2363-2368.
51. Martensen TM, Brotherton JE, Graves DJ: Kinetic studies of the activation of muscle phosphorylase phosphatase. J Biol Chem 1973, 248:8329-8336.
52. Nimmo GA, Cohen P: The regulation of glycogen metabolism. Phosphorylation of inhibitor-1 from rabbit skeletal muscle, and its interaction with protein phosphatases-III and -II. Eur J Biochem 1978, 87:353-365.
53. Nimmo GA, Cohen P: The regulation of glycogen metabolism: purification and characterization of protein phosphatase inhibitor-1 from rabbit skeletal muscle. Eur J Biochem 1978,87:341-351.
54. Soderling T, Srivastava AK, Bass MA, Khatra BS: Phosphorylation and inactivation of glycogen synthase by phosphorylase kinase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1979, 76:2536-2540.