Adjusting inequality: Education and structural adjustment policies in Tanzania

Harvard Educational Review

Volumn 75, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 174-201

  Vavrus, Frances ^a  

^a Columbia University ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 22944487954     PISSN: 00178055     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.17763/haer.75.2.565v0213145413t5     Document Type: Review

References (69)

1. Ball, S. J. (1994). Education reform. Buckingham, England: Open University Press.
2. Bledsoe, C. (1990). School fees and the marriage process for Mende girls in Sierra Leone. In P. R. Sanday & R. G. Goodenough (Eds.), Beyond the second sex: New directions in the anthropology of gender (pp. 284-309). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
3. Bureau of Statistics. (1995). Selected statistics series: 1951-1992. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: President's Office, Planning Commission.
4. Bureau of Statistics Tanzania, & Macro International. (1997). Tanzania demographic and health survey 1996. Calverton, MD: Author.
5. Cassell, J. (Ed.). (1987). Children in the field: Anthropological experiences. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
6. Cooksey, B. (2003). Marketing reform? The rise and fall of agricultural liberalisation in Tanzania. Development Policy Review, 21(1), 67-91.
7. Coulson, A. (1982). Tanzania: A political economy. New York: Oxford University Press.
8. Crosby, F. (1982). Relative deprivation and the working woman. New York: Oxford University Press.
9. Dewalt, K., & Dewalt, B. (1998). Participant observation. In H. R. Bernard (Ed.), Handbook of methods in cultural anthropology (pp. 259-299). Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press.
10. Farmer, P. (1996). Women, poverty, and AIDS. In P. Farmer, M. Connors, & J. Simmons (Eds.), Women, poverty, and AIDS (pp. 3-38). Monroe, ME: Common Courage.
11. Farmer, P. (1999). Infections and inequalities: The modern plague. Berkeley: University of California Press.
12. Financial Management Service. (2003). Treasury reporting rates of exchange as of December 31, 2003 [Online]. Available at http://www.fms.treas.gov/intn.html
13. Global Challenge Initiative, & Integrated Social Development Centre. (2000). Year 2000 country profile: The status of Tanzania with the IMF and the World Bank. Unpublished report.
14. Green, E. C. (2003). New challenges to the AIDS prevention paradigm. Anthropology News, 44(6), 5-6.
15. Handwerker, W. P., & Borgatti, S. P. (1998). Reasoning with numbers. In H. R. Bernard (Ed.), Handbook of methods in cultural anthropology (pp. 549-593). Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press.
16. Harrison, G. (2001). Post-conditionality politics and administrative reform: Reflections on the cases of Uganda and Tanzania. Development and Change, 32, 657-679.
17. Howard, M., & Millard, A. V. (1997). Hunger and shame: Child malnutrition and poverty on Mount Kilimanjaro. New York: Routledge.
18. Hyden, G. (1980). Beyond ujamaa in Tanzania: Underdevelopment and an uncaptured peasantry. Berkeley: University of California Press.
19. International Monetary Fund, & International Development Association. (1999). Tanzania: Preliminary document on the Initiative for the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries [Online]. Available at http://www.imf.org/external/np/hipc/pdf/tza.pdf
20. Kerner, D. O., & Cook, K. (1991). Gender, hunger, and crisis in Tanzania. In R. E. Downs (Ed.), The political economy of African famine (pp. 257-272). Philadelphia: Gordon and Breach.
21. Klandermans, B., Roefs, M., & Olivier, J. (2001). Grievance formation in a country in transition: South Africa, 1994-1998. Social Psychology, 64(1), 41-54.
22. Komba-Malekela, B., & Liljestrom, R. (1994). Looking for men. In Z. Tumbo-Masabo & R. Liljestrom (Eds.), Chelewa, chelewa: The dilemma of teenage girls (pp. 133-149). Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies.
23. Kristof, N. (2002, July 5). Farm subsidies that kill. New York Times, p. A19.
24. Kuleana. (1999). The state of education in Tanzania: Crisis and opportunity. Mwanza, Tanzania: Kuleana Center for Children's Rights.
25. Lassibille, G., Tan, J. P., & Sumra, S. (2000). Expansion of private secondary education: Lessons from recent experience in Tanzania. Comparative Education Review, 44(1), 1-28.
26. Levinson, B., & Holland, D. (1996). The cultural production of the educated person: An introduction. In B. A. Levinson, D. E. Foley, & D. C. Holland (Eds.), The cultural production of the educated person: Critical ethnographies of schooling and local practice (pp. 1-54). Albany: State University of New York Press.
27. Levinson, B., & Sutton, M. (2001). Introduction: Policy as/in practice-A sociocultural approach to the study of educational policy. In M. Sutton & B. Levinson (Eds.), Policy as practice: Toward a comparative sociocultural analysis of educational policy (pp. 1-22). Westport, CT: Ablex.
28. Lugalla, J. L. P. (1997). Development, change, and poverty in the informal sector during the era of structural adjustments in Tanzania. Canadian Journal of African Studies, 31, 424-451.
29. Maarifa ni Ufunguo. (2001). Cost sharing: A case study of education in Kilimanjaro. Unpublished manuscript.
30. Maarifa ni Ufunguo. (2002). A follow up to the 2000 study: Cost sharing: A case study of education in Kilimanjaro [Online]. Available at http://www.ufunguo.org/csfr/
31. Mbilinyi, M., & Kaihula, N. (2000). Sinners and outsiders: The drama of AIDS in Rungwe. In C. Baylies &J. Bujra (Eds.), AIDS, sexuality and gender in Africa: Collective strategies and struggles in Tanzania and Zambia (pp. 76-95). London: Routledge.
32. Moshi, C. A. (1994). A comprehensive report on a local government elections study done in Old Moshi East Ward-Moshi Rural District in September/October 1994. Unpublished report.
33. Moulton, J., Mundy, K., Walmond, M., & Williams, J. (2002). Education reforms in Sub-Saharan Africa: Paradigm lost? Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
34. Mramba, B. P. (2002). Speech by the Minister of Finance Honorable Basil P. Mramba (MP) introducing to the National Assembly the estimates of government revenue and expenditure for the financial year 2002/2003 on 13 June 2002 [Online]. Available at http://www.tanzania.go.tz/humanf.html
35. Mundy, K. (1998). Educational multilateralism and world (dis) order. Comparative Education Review, 42, 448-478.
36. National Bureau of Statistics. (2003). Integrated labour force survey, 2000/01, analytical report [Online]. Available at http://www.tanzania.go.tz/humanf.html
37. Nyerere, J. K. (1962). Ujamaa: The basis of African socialism. In J. K. Nyerere (Ed.), Ujamaa: Essays on socialism (pp. 1-12). Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: Oxford University Press.
38. Nyerere, J. K. (1967a). Education for self-reliance. In J. K. Nyerere (Ed.), Ujamaa: Essays on socialism (pp. 44-75). Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: Oxford University Press.
39. Nyerere, J. K. (1967b). Socialism and rural development. In J. K. Nyerere (Ed.), Ujamaa: Essays on socialism (pp. 106-144). Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: Oxford University Press.
40. Peet, R. (2003). Unholy trinity: The IMF, World Bank, and WTO. London: Zed Books.
41. Ponte, S. (1998). Fast crops, fast cash: Market liberalization and rural livelihoods in Songea and Morogoro Districts, Tanzania. Canadian Journal of African Studies, 32, 316-348.
42. Ponte, S. (2002). Farmers and markets in Tanzania: How policy reforms affect rural livelihoods in Africa. Oxford, England: James Currey.
43. President's Office. (2004). Macroeconomic policy framework for the plan/budget 2004/05-2006/07. [Online]. Available at http://www.tanzania.go.tz/pdf/MACROPOLICY_FRAME_2004_Prx.pdf
44. Reimers, F. (1994). Education and structural adjustment in Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa. International Journal of Educational Development, 14, 119-129.
45. Rugumisa, S. (1989). A review of the Tanzanian economic recovery programme. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: TADREG.
46. Samoff, J. (1994a). Responses to crisis: (Re)setting the education and training policy agenda. In J. Samoff (Ed.), Coping with crisis: Austerity, adjustment and human resources (pp. 219-266). London: Cassell.
47. Samoff, J. (with S. Sumra). (1994b). From planning to marketing: Making education and training policy in Tanzania. In J. Samoff (Ed.), Coping with crisis: Austerity, adjustment and human resources (pp. 134-172). London: Cassell.
48. Samoff, J. (1999). Education sector analysis in Africa: Limited national control and even less national ownership. International Journal of Educational Development, 19, 249-272.
49. Schwandt, T. A. (1998). Constructivist, interpretivist approaches to human inquiry. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), The landscape of qualitative research (pp. 221-259). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
50. Setel, P. (1995). Bo'n town life; Youth, AIDS, and the changing character of adulthood in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Boston University.
51. Setel, P. (1999). A plague of paradoxes: AIDS, culture, and demography in northern Tanzania. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
52. Shore, C., & Wright, S. (Eds.), (1997). Anthropology of policy: Critical perspectives on governance and power. London: Routledge.
53. Simmons, J., Farmer, P., & Schoepf, B. G. (1996). A global perspective. In P. Farmer, M. Connors, & J. Simmons (Eds.), Women, poverty, and AIDS (pp. 39-90). Monroe, ME: Common Courage.
54. Spradley, J. P. (1979). The ethnographic interview. Fort Worth, TX: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
55. Stambach, A. (2000). Lessons from Mount Kilimanjaro: Schooling, community, and gender in East Africa. New York: Routledge.
56. Tripp, A. M. (1997). Changing the rules: The politics of liberalization and the urban informal economy in Tanzania. Berkeley: University of California Press.
57. Turshen, M. (1999). Privatizing health services in Africa. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
58. UNAIDS. (2001). AIDS epidemic update: December 2001 [Online]. Available at http://www.unaids.org/epidemic_update/report_dec01
59. UNICEF. (2000). Tanzania 2000 annual report. Unpublished document.
60. Vandemoortele, J. (2000). Absorbing social shocks, protecting children and reducing poverty: The role of basic human services (Staff Working Paper EPP-00-001). New York: UNICEF.
61. Vavrus, F. (2003). Desire and decline: Schooling amid crisis in Tanzania. New York: Peter Lang.
62. Vavrus, F. (2004). The referential web: Externalization beyond education in Tanzania. In G. Steiner-Khamsi (Ed.), Lessons from elsewhere: The politics of educational borrowing (pp. 141-153). New York: Teachers College Press.
63. Wagao, J. H. (1990). Adjustment policies in Tanzania, 1981-1989: The impact on growth, structure and human welfare. Florence, Italy: UNICEF.
64. Walford, G. (Ed.) (2001). Ethnography and education policy. Oxford, England: Elsevier Science.
65. Walford, G. (2002). When policy moves fast, how long can ethnography take? In B. A. U. Levinson, S. L. Cade, A. Padawer, & A. P. Elvir (Eds.), Ethnography and education policy across the Americas (pp. 23-38). Westport, CT: Praeger.
66. Woodhall, M. (1994). The context of economic austerity and structural adjustment. In J. Samoff (Ed.), Coping with crisis: Austerity, adjustment and human resources (pp. 28-39). London: Cassell.
67. World Bank. (1994). Tanzania: Agriculture. Washington, DC: Author.
68. World Bank. (1999). Tanzania: Social sector review. Washington, DC: Author.
69. World Bank. (2001). Tanzania debt relief [Online]. Available at http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/NEWS/0,contentMDK:20035067~menuPK: 34460~pagePK:64003015~piPK:64003012~theSitePK:4607,00.html