The ketogenic diet in refractory childhood epilepsy

Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health

Volumn 41, Issue 7, 2005, Pages 353-357

  Mackay, Mark T ^a,b   Bicknell Royle, Julian ^a   Nation, Judy ^a   Humphrey, Maureen ^a   Harvey, A Simon ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

^b ROYAL CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL   (Australia)

Author keywords

Epilepsy; Ketogenic diet; Refractory

Indexed keywords

KETONE; TOPIRAMATE; VALPROIC ACID;

ADOLESCENT; ARTICLE; BENIGN CHILDHOOD EPILEPSY; BONE DENSITY; BONE DISEASE; CALORIC INTAKE; CARNITINE DEFICIENCY; CHILD; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CLINICAL FEATURE; CONSTIPATION; CONTROLLED STUDY; COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS; DIARRHEA; DIET THERAPY; EPILEPSY; FEMALE; FOCAL EPILEPSY; FOLLOW UP; FOOD INTAKE; GENERALIZED EPILEPSY; GROWTH DISORDER; HEALTH CARE COST; HUMAN; HYPERCALCIURIA; HYPERLIPIDEMIA; HYPOGLYCEMIA; HYPOPROTEINEMIA; IDIOPATHIC DISEASE; KETOGENIC DIET; LIVER DISEASE; MALE; NEPHROLITHIASIS; OSTEOPENIA; PANCREATITIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN INTAKE; REFRACTORY PERIOD; SEIZURE; SYMPTOMATIC EPILEPSY; VOMITING;

CHILD; COSTS AND COST ANALYSIS; DIETARY FATS; EPILEPSY; HUMANS; KETOSIS; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VICTORIA;

EID: 22944435224     PISSN: 10344810     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1754.2005.00630.x     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Kwan P, Brodie MJ. Early identification of refractory epilepsy. N. Engl. J. Med. 2003; 342: 314-19.
2. Begley CE, Annegers JF, Lairson DR, Reynolds TF, Hauser WA. Cost of epilepsy in the United States: A model based on incidence and prognosis. Epilepsia 1994; 35: 1230-43.
3. Paolicchi JM, Jayakar P, Dean P et al. Predictors of outcome in pediatric epilepsy surgery. Neurology 2000; 54: 642-7.
4. Wyllie E, Comair YG, Kotagal P, Bulacio J, Bingaman W, Ruggieri P. Seizure outcome after epilepsy surgery in children and adolscents. Ann. Neurol. 1998; 44: 740-48.
5. Owen OE, Morgan AP, Kemp HG, Sullivan JM, Herrara MG, Cahill GF. Brain metabolism during fasting. J. Clin. Invest. 1967; 46: 1589-95.
6. Haymond MW, Howard C, Ben-Galim E, De Vivo DC. Effects of ketosis on glucose flux in children and adults. Am. J. Physiol. 1983; 245: 373-8.
7. Appleton DB, DeVivo DC. An animal model for the ketogenic diet. Epilepsia 1974; 15: 211-27.
8. Bough KJ, Eagles DA. A ketogenic diet increases the resistance to pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in the rat. Epilepsia 1999; 40: 138-43.
9. Nordli D. The ketogenic diet: Uses and abuses. Neurology 2002; 58 (12 Suppl. 7): S21-4.
10. Rho JM, Kim DW, Robbins CA, Anderson GD, Schwartzkroin PA. Age-dependent differences in flurothyl seizure sensitivity in mice treated with a ketogenic diet. Epilepsy Res. 1999; 37: 233-40.
11. Uhlemann ER, Neims AH. Anticonvulsant properties of the ketogenic diet in mice. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 1972; 180: 231-8.
12. Thio LL, Wong M, Yamada KA. Ketone bodies do not directly alter excitatory or inhibitory hippocampal synaptic transmission. Neurology 2000; 54: 325-31.
13. Likhodii SS, Serbanescu I, Cortez MA, Murphy P, Snead OC III, Burnham WM. Anticonvulsant properties of acetone, a brain ketone elevated by the ketogenic diet. Ann. Neurol. 2003; 54: 219-26.
14. Nordli DR Jr., De Vivo DC. The ketogenic diet revisited: Back to the future. Epilepsia 1997; 38: 743-9.
15. Wilder RM. The effects of ketonemia on the course of epilepsy. Mayo Clin. Proc. 1921; 2: 307-8.
16. Hopkins IJ, Lynch BC. Use of ketogenic diet in epilepsy in childhood. Aust. Paediatr. J. 1970; 6: 25-9.
17. Freeman JM, Vining EP, Pillas DJ, Pyzik PL, Casey JC, Kelly LM. The efficacy of the ketogenic diet - 1998: A prospective evaluation of intervention in 150 children. Pediatrics 1998; 102: 1358-63.
18. Vining EP, Freeman JM, Ballaban-Gil K et al. A multicenter study of the efficacy of the ketogenic diet. Arch. Neurol. 1998; 55: 1433-7.
19. Freeman JM, Kelly MT, Freeman JB. The Ketogenic Diet: A Treatment for Epilepsy. 3rd edn. New York: Demos Medical Publishing, 2000.
20. Huttenlocher PR, Wilbourn AJ, Signore JM. Medium-chain triglycerides as a therapy for intractable childhood epilepsy. Neurology 1971; 21: 1097-103.
21. Schwartz RH, Eaton J, Bower BD, Aynsley-Green A. Ketogenic diets in the treatment of epilepsy: Short-term clinical effects. Dev. Med. Child Neurol. 1989; 31: 145-51.
22. Livingston S. Comprehensive Management of Epilepsy in Infancy, Childhood and Adolescence. Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas, 1972.
23. Hemingway C, Freeman JM, Pillas DJ, Pyzik PL. The ketogenic diet: A 3- to 6-year follow-up of 150 children enrolled prospectively. Pediatrics 2001; 108: 898-905.
24. Kossoff EH, Pyzik PL, McGrogan JR, Vining EP, Freeman JM. Efficacy of the ketogenic diet for infantile spasms. Pediatrics 2002; 109: 780-83.
25. Seidel WT, Davis K, Lin MI, Mitchell WG, Chen LS. Ketogenic diet: Seizure outcome and parental reports. Epilepsia 1997; 38 (Suppl. 8): 196-7. (Abstract)
26. Kwiterovich PO Jr., Vining EP, Pyzik P, Skolasky R Jr., Freeman JM. Effect of a high-fat ketogenic diet on plasma levels of lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins in children. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 2003; 290: 912-20.
27. Furth SL, Casey JC, Pyzik PL et al. Risk factors for urolithiasis in children on the ketogenic diet. Pediatr. Nephrol. 2000; 15: 125-8.
28. Herzberg GZ, Fivush BA, Kinsman SL, Gearhart JP. Urolithiasis associated with the ketogenic diet. J. Pediatr. 1990; 117: 743-5.
29. Ballaban-Gil K, Callahan C, O'Dell C, Pappo M, Moshe S, Shinnar S. Complications of the ketogenic diet. Epilepsia 1998; 39: 744-8.
30. Stewart WA, Gordon K, Camfield P. Acute pancreatitis causing death in a child on the ketogenic diet. J. Child Neurol. 2001; 16: 682.
31. Hahn TJ, Halstead LR, De Vivo DC. Disordered mineral metabolism produced by ketogenic diet therapy. Calcif. Tissue Int. 1979; 28: 17-22.
32. Woody RC, Steele RW, Knapple WL, Pilkington NS Jr. Impaired neutrophil function in children with seizures treated with the ketogenic diet. J. Pediatr. 1989; 115: 427-30.
33. DeVivo DC, Pagliara AS, Prensky AL. Ketotic hypoglycemia and the ketogenic diet. Neurology 1973; 23: 640-49.
34. Vining EP, Pyzik P, McGrogan J et al. Growth of children on the ketogenic diet. Dev. Med. Child Neurol. 2002; 44: 796-802.
35. Liu YM, Williams S, Basualdo-Hammond C, Stephens D, Curtis R. A prospective study: Growth and nutritional status of children treated with the ketogenic diet. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 2003; 103: 707-12.
36. De Vivo DC, Bohan TP, Coulter DL et al. L-carnitine supplementation in childhood epilepsy: Current perspectives. Epilepsia 1998; 39: 1216-25.
37. Berry-Kravis E, Booth G, Sanchez AC, Woodbury-Kolb J. Carnitine levels and the ketogenic diet. Epilepsia 2001; 42: 1445-51.
38. Takeoka M, Riviello JJ Jr., Pfeifer H, Thiele EA. Concomitant treatment with topiramate and ketogenic diet in pediatric epilepsy. Epilepsia 2002; 43: 1072-5.
39. Katyal NG, Koehler AN, McGhee B, Foley CM, Crumrine PK. The ketogenic diet in refractory epilepsy: The experience of Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh. Clin. Pediatr. 2000; 39: 153-9.
40. Maydell BV, Wyllie E, Akhtar N et al. Efficacy of the ketogenic diet in focal versus generalized seizures. Pediatr. Neurol. 2001; 25: 208-12.
41. Nordli DR Jr., Kuroda MM, Carroll J et al. Experience with the ketogenic diet in infants. Pediatrics 2001; 108: 129-33.
42. Marson AG, Kadir ZA, Hutton JL, Chadwick DW. The new antiepileptic drugs: A systematic review of their efficacy and tolerability. Epilepsia 1997; 38: 859-80.
43. Murphy JV, Torkelson R, Dowler I, Simon S, Hudson S. Vagal nerve stimulation in refractory epilepsy: The first 100 patients receiving vagal nerve stimulation at a pediatric epilepsy center. Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. 2003; 157: 560-64.